内燃机设计说明书毕业论文

沈阳理工大学课程设计论文·目录1柴油机基本参数的选定 11.1柴油机基本参数选用 11.1.1柴油机设计指示 11.2.2柴油机基本结构参数的选用 12柴油机近似热计算 32.1燃料燃烧热化学计算 32.2换气过程计算 42.3压缩过程计算 42.4燃烧过程计算 52.5膨胀过程计算 82.6示功图绘制 92.7柴油机性能指标计算 103活塞的设计 123.1活塞的工作条件 123.2活塞设计要求 123.3活塞的材料 133.4活塞主要尺寸设计 133.5活塞三维实体建模 133.6活塞二维图的绘制 154动力计算 174.1活塞位移、速度、加速度的计算 174.2活塞连杆作用力分析 184.3曲柄销载荷和连杆轴承载荷 204.3.1曲柄销载荷 204.3.2连杆轴承载荷 214.4总切向力的计算 224.5校核指示功率和有效功率 221柴油机基本参数的选定1.1柴油机基本参数选用1.1.1柴油机设计指示设计一台新的四冲程非增压柴油机，必须提出设计指示。（1）功率Pe有效功率是柴油机基本性能指标。Pe由柴油机的用途选定，任务书已经指定所需柴油机有效功率Pe=132kw。（2）转速n转速的选用既要考虑被柴油机驱动的工作机械的需要，也要考虑转速对柴油机自身工作的影响。一般车用柴油机转速为2000r/min--4000r/min,本设计中的柴油机转速为n=2900r/min，（3）冲程数τ本设计中的车用柴油机都采用四冲程，即τ=4。（4）平均有效压力Pme平均有效压力表示每一循环中单位气缸工作容积所做的有效功，是柴油机的强化指标之一，一般车用柴油机的平均有效压力为0.55Mpa--1.0Mpa，本设计中的柴油机平均有效压力Pme=0.825Mpa。（5）有效燃油消耗率be这是柴油机最重要的经济性指标。影响柴油机经济性地因素很多，在设计中要仔细分析。四冲程非增压柴油机有效燃油消耗率为195--285g/kw•h。（6）可靠性和寿命可靠性和寿命是车用柴油机的基本要求之一，设计时必须提出具体指标，但本课程设计从略。1.2.2柴油机基本结构参数的选用由有效功率计算公式：Pe=，可知由于Pe、Pme、n、τ已选定，则柴油机的总排量：i×Vs===6.618L下一步设计应选定柴油机的基本结构参数：气缸直径d、活塞行程S、缸数i及其他一些参数。（1）气缸直径d气缸直径d的选取影响柴油机的尺寸和重量，还影响柴油机的机械负荷和热负荷。为了系列化，常选用固定的缸径系列。任务书规定了柴油机的缸径d=113mm。（2）活塞行程S增大活塞行程S使活塞平均速度提高，机械负荷加大一般车用柴油机的Vm≦14m/s；同时S也是柴油机基本结构指标S/d的决定因素，车用柴油机的S/d=1.0--1.3。本设计给出的S=110mm，S/d=105/98=1.07,Vm===10.63m＜14m满足要求。（3）气缸数i及气缸排列方式由于i×Vs=6.618L而Vs=·d²·S=×(113)²×110×10=1.103L所以i===6，并且采用直列的气缸排列方式。（4）连杆长度L与曲轴连杆比λ=R/L连杆长度加大,会使柴油机总高度增加；虽然连杆摆角减小，侧压力减小，但效果不明显；而且连杆重量加大，往复惯性力加大。因而尽量采用短连杆，一般λ值在1/3--1/5之间。选取连杆长L=200mm，而R=S/2=55mm，则λ=0.25在要求范围之内。（5）气缸中心距lo及其与气缸直径之比lo/dlo/d影响柴油机的长度尺寸和重量指标，设计时力求缩小lo/d的值。Lo/d值得影响因素可从曲轴中心线方向的尺寸分配和气缸上部的尺寸分配两方面分析，一般其值为1.2--1.6。选取lo/d=1.3则lo=148mm。（6）压缩比ε选用压缩比ε也就是选用燃烧室容积。选用压缩比时要考虑柴油机的经济性能、工作可靠性、冷启动性能等。任务书给定的ε在18--23，选取ε=202柴油机近似热计算柴油机工作过程热计算是对柴油机各工作过程中工质的状态参数、主要性能指标进行计算，并绘制示功图。通过热计算可以分析各工作过程的影响因素，找出提高动力性和经济性的途径，又为动力计算、结构设计提供数据。柴油机实际循环热计算有近似热计算和模拟热计算二种。本设计要求进行近似热计算。2.1燃料燃烧热化学计算理论空气量LoLo=(千摩尔/千克柴油） （2-1）燃料采用轻柴油=0.87，=0.126，=0.004轻柴油低热值=41860千焦/千克计算得：Lo=0.4946(千摩尔/千克柴油）新鲜空气量 =（千摩尔/千克） （2-2）其中—过量空气系数，自选=1.2-1.8选取=1.5，可计算处=0.7419（千摩尔/千克）燃烧产物 （千摩尔/千克）（2-3）计算得：=0.775（摩尔/千克）理论分子变更系数===1.026实际分子变更系数 =（2-4）其中，—残余废气系数，自选=0.03-0.06选取=0.05，可计算得=1.0262.2换气过程计算排气终点压力（缸内废气压力）PrPr=0.103-0.108()（选取Pr=0.105）气缸内排气温度（残余废气温度）TrTr=700-900(K)进气终点压力PaPa=0.08-0.095（）进气终点温度TaTa=320-350(K)（选取Ta=340K）充量系数 =（要求=0.8-0.9）（2-5）选取Pa=0.088，=0.85，可计算出=0.8522.3压缩过程计算平均多变压缩指数=1.34-1.39（选取=1.38）压缩过程中任意曲轴转角时的压力(画示功图用) =Pa() （2-6）其中：—进气终点气缸容积==—对应于时的气缸容积。 =（见附录） （2-7）式中：R—曲柄半径，R=S/2=55mmλ—曲柄连杆比，λ=R/L=1/4=(L)压缩终点充量的状态参数压力：（）温度：（K）2.4燃烧过程计算热量利用系数热量利用系数表示燃烧热量被工质吸收多少的程度。由于不完全燃烧、传热损失、高温分解、节流损失等因素，燃料燃烧所发出的热量中只有一部分被工质吸收。燃烧终点的热量利用系数在此范围内选取：=0.80-0.88。本设计选取=0.85燃烧最高压力按结构强度及寿命要求选取，=5-9，本设计选取=8.5压力升高比=符合本设计中要求的=1.4-1.8。燃烧最高温度1）工质的平均等容摩尔热容和平均等压摩尔热容间有如下的关系： =+8.313（kJ/kmol•K） （2-8）工质的平均等压摩尔热容按下列方法计算：查图法：由图1按过量空气系数查出查表插值计算法：摘自《柴油机设计手册（上）》图2-1等压摩尔热容曲线表2-1等摩尔热容表T（K）1.03.0∞67332.10031.73631.47231.28431.11230.88630.72330.60129.79787332.96332.56532.27232.05031.86231.57731.40131.27530.413107333.83833.41933.06332.84532.64932.36432.17632.02131.037127334.62534.13533.85433.59533.36533.03432.82532.67831.606147335.34134.84334.46634.19433.95933.64533.41933.23934.121167335.97735.44135.07734.81334.54134.19833.96333.78732.586187336.54735.98135.56735.26135.02334.66734.39934.23132.988207337.04536.46336.08235.76835.46235.09434.81334.64633.344227337.40836.87036.46736.10335.85235.45435.17834.98133.658燃烧方程 （2-9）其中：—压缩终点新鲜空气和残余废气混合气的平均等压摩尔热容，按下列方法计算：（2-9）当=∞时，查表得：(kJ/mol·K)-8.313=30.72-8.313≈22.41(kJ/mol·K)当=1.6时，查表得：(kJ/mol·K)(kJ/mol·K)所以：=22.49(kJ/mol·K)=30.80(kJ/mol·K)设=2050K，则代入公式得到方程两边的误差为0.6％。符合本设计要求的误差在5％一下的条件。燃烧终点的体积和初期膨胀比ρ初期膨胀比：ρ==燃烧终点容积： （2-10）计算得到的ρ符合本设计要求：ρ=1.1-1.72.5膨胀过程计算平均多变膨胀指数=1.25-1.30选取=1.26膨胀过程中任意曲轴转角时的气体压力（见附录） （2-11）后期膨胀比δ=20/1.448=13.8膨胀过程终点状态参数压力：()温度：（K）2.6示功图绘制理论示功图绘制根据各过程计算结果可以绘制出柴油机实际循环的理论示功图，其中燃烧过程按等容-等压过程绘制。理论示功图的理论循环指示功按下式计算：1.114（kJ)按示功图上纵横坐标比例：压力值/格，容积值/格，可以算出对应的方格数=100实际示功图绘制理论示功图没有考虑下列的因素的影响，因而必须进行修正得到实际的示功图：没有考虑进排气过程。虽然泵气损失并入机械损失，不计入指示功，但为了示功图的完整，根据进气终点压力和排气压力近似画出进排气过程线。点火提前，喷油提前的影响：压力急剧的升高应该从上止点前就开始。燃烧规律的影响：燃烧过程压力线应连续、圆滑，燃烧最高压力出现在上止点后10º左右。排气阀提前开启的影响：在下止点前压力就开始下降，即压力线圆滑过渡到排气线。整个过程的换气也应修圆。修圆后实际示功图的循环指示功比理论示功图小。计算因修圆而减少的方格数,即可求出示功图的丰满系数。，一般=0.92-0.99。选取=0.98，则算出=2P-φ示功图的绘制用作图法转换：图中：偏移量气体压力列表按曲轴转角5º间隔，列出气体压力随曲轴转角φ的变化表格，可合并在动力计算中列出。（详见附录）图2-2P-φ2.7柴油机性能指标计算平均只是压力=0.9696（MPa）指示功、指示热效率和指示耗油率(g/kw·h)3.机械效率的选取是热计算的关键，本设计选取=0.83有效功率、有效热效率、有效平均压力及有效油耗率（MPa）(误差为2.3％，符合设计要求)（MPa）（误差为3.2％，符合设计要求）3（在0.3-0.43之间符合设计要求）=230.5（g/kw·h）(在195-285之间符合设计要求)3活塞的设计3.1活塞的工作条件高温导致热负荷大活塞在气缸内工作时，其顶面承受瞬变高温燃气的作用，会有很高的温度。柴油机活塞的热负荷尤为严重，因为柴油机的工质密度大、扰流强，很高的压力升高率引起急剧的气流脉冲。另外，柴油机的不均匀混合气燃烧形成炭粒。燃气温度：=1500-2000℃活塞顶部温度：=280-400℃高压冲击性的高机械负荷高压包括两部分：活塞组在工作中受周期性变化的气压力直接作用，一般气压力在膨胀冲程开始的上止点后10º-20º达到最大。活塞组在气缸里作高速往复运动，产生很大的往复惯性力。柴油机的最大气压力为=5-8MPa惯性力为300-2000倍活塞组的重量。高速滑动内燃机在工作中所产生的侧向作用力是较大的，特别是在短连杆内燃机中，其侧向力更大。随着活塞在气缸中高速往复运动，活塞组与气缸内表面之间会产生强烈的摩擦，而此处润滑条件较差，因此磨损情况比较严重。交变得侧压力由于活塞上下行程时要改变压力面，因此侧压力是不断变化方向的，这就使活塞在工作时要承受交变的侧向载荷，因此会产生如下的后果：造成侧向拍击，引起机体振动，产生机体表面辐射噪声。由于润滑不良，使摩擦损失变大。使裙部产生变形，垂直销轴方向压扁，销轴方向变长。缸套表面产生振动，容易引起缸套穴蚀。3.2活塞设计要求根据活塞的工作条件，在进行活塞设计时首先要求：选用热强度好，散热性好，膨胀系数小，耐磨、有良好减磨性和工艺性的材料。形状和壁厚合理，吸热少，散热好，强度、刚度符合要求，尽量避免应力集中，与缸套有最佳的配合间隙。密封性好，摩擦损失小。质量小。3.3活塞的材料本设计采用铝合金作为材料，优点：密度小，热传导性好。缺点：热膨胀系数大。3.4活塞主要尺寸设计活塞高度：H=1.15D=130mm(缸径D=113mm)压缩高度：H1=0.6D=70mm裙部高度：H2=0.7D=80mm火力岸高度：h1=0.16D=18.08mm环岸高度：c1=4mmc2=c3=3mm侧隙：Δ1=0.15mm背隙：Δ2=0.5mm环带高度：h2=18.29mm上裙高度：h3=20.91mm气环高：b1=3mmb2=3mmb3=3mm油环高：b4=4mm下裙部：h4=49mm活塞顶最小厚度:δ=0.11D=12.43mm活塞最小壁厚:δo=0.05D=5.65mm销座间隙：B=0.4D=40mm活塞销长：l=0.8D=90.4mm活塞头部与缸壁的间隙：顶部：0.007D=0.791mm裙部：0.0016D=0.1808mm活塞裙部椭圆的长短轴差：Δ=1mm长轴直径：113.8mm短轴直径：112.8mm销孔直径：内径d=0.35D=40mm外径d1=0.55D=62.185mm油环泄油孔直径:d2=4mm3.5活塞三维实体建模根据尺寸建立三维模型如下图3.1所示图3.1活塞三维图图3.2活塞三维图3.6活塞二维图的绘制注：图见活塞二维图及活塞锥度图3-3二维图 图3-3二维图4动力计算课程设计中进行动力计算的目的：掌握柴油机动力计算的方法；确定有关零件的运动、受力情况和轴承载荷情况。要求按曲轴5°间隔计算，由计算结果画曲线图。4.1活塞位移、速度、加速度的计算对于活塞位移、速度和加速度的计算，由于周期性，只计算0～360度即可。（4-1）（4-2）（4-3）其中：，，，注意：加速度曲线应有四个极值点。数据见附表，其曲线如下图：活塞位移曲线：图4.SEQ__图4.1\*ARABIC1活塞位移活塞速度曲线：图4.2活塞速度曲线活塞加速度曲线：图4.3活塞加速度曲线4.2活塞连杆作用力分析1、计算公式①基本作用力气体力： （4-4）其中：取自然计算结果，即修正后的实际缸内压力值，也就是图中的压力值，每个5度曲轴转角取一个。为曲轴箱内的气体压力，近似取100千帕（注意：动力计算中不要忘记减）运动零件惯性力活塞组换算质量：实际质量=0.898kg连杆组换算质量：按两质量系统考虑小头换算质量：=1.65kg大头换算质量：=0.52kg其中：ι=200mm=159.634mmla=50.366mm=2.166kg往复运动惯性力：（是活塞运动的加速度）连杆大头离心惯性力： （4-5）②连杆作用力设则有：连杆小头气缸中心线方向作用力 （4-6）垂直气缸中心线方向（侧压力），其中连杆大头曲柄旋转方向（切向力） （4-7）曲柄法向（法向力）（4-8） 习惯上令：（4-9）得到、、T、K随角度φ的变化曲线如下。（Excel数据见附录）图4.4活塞连杆作用力4.3曲柄销载荷和连杆轴承载荷4.3.1曲柄销载荷曲柄销上作用有切向力和法向力，，由作图法画出曲柄销载荷图。注意：作图时用、直接画出曲线图，并标出，同时必须在曲线上画出曲柄形状及转向，标出曲轴转角，最大作用力及示意的表示出力的作用点等。此外，T、K、Prc的作图比例必须相同，否则无法正确表示作用力方向。 如下图所示。图4.5曲柄销载荷4.3.2连杆轴承载荷用坐标变换法计算：（4-10）（4-11）列表计算见附录根据计算结果画出连杆轴承载荷图，参见下图的载荷形状示意图。同样要求在图上画出连杆外形，标出曲轴转角，曲柄转向及力作用点的位置。图4.6连杆轴承载荷4.4总切向力的计算若V型柴油机的气缸数为,由于重复，总切向力曲线计算中只要计算范围即可。若V型柴油机的气缸数为,由于重复，总切向力曲线计算中只要计算范围即可。每缸的切向力按相位角取自切向力数据。如第缸相位角为，则当第一缸的转角为时，第缸的切向力为：。各缸累加就得到总切向力曲线。4.5校核指示功率和有效功率由总切向力曲线得到平均切向力T1，所以指示转矩： （4-12）R—曲柄半径 指示功率： （4-13）有效功率： （kW） （4-14） 计算数据见附录，得出的Pe与近似热计算中求出的功率相比较，二者之间的误差为4.77%小于5%符合设计要求，表明本计算结果正确。参考文献[1]周龙保.内燃机学.3版.北京：机械工业出版社，2010.[2]袁兆成.内燃机设计.2版.北京：机械工业出版社，2012.[3]吴兆汉.内燃机设计.1版.北京：北京理工大学出版社，1990[4]柴油机设计手册编写委员会.柴油机设计手册上册.1版.北京：中国农业机械出版社，1984.[5]许锋，满长忠.内燃机制造工艺教程.1版.大连：大连理工大学出版社，2006附录附表一活塞压缩和膨胀过程随角度φ的变化角度φcosφsinφVcxPcxPbx0100.0580525.1683770.301459100.9848080.0301540.0685094.1259760.299888150.9659260.0669870.0814623.2602270.299367200.9396930.1169780.0993762.48796713.8525250.9063080.1786060.1220361.88157811.20612300.8660250.250.1491731.4319428.978271350.8191520.328990.1804691.1051896.961385400.7660440.4131760.2155620.8679365.351924450.7071070.50.2540510.6941484.138942500.6427880.5868240.2955090.5651583.243528550.5735760.671010.3394820.4679872.583701600.50.750.3855050.3936812.093701650.4226180.8213940.4331030.3360331.725377700.342020.8830220.4818010.29071.444668750.2588190.9330130.5311330.2546061.227709800.1736480.9698460.5806440.2255421.057737850.0871560.9924040.6298990.20190.922876906.13E-1710.678490.1824930.81461895-0.087160.9924040.7260320.1664350.726791100-0.173650.9698460.7721780.1530560.654858105-0.258820.9330130.816610.1418420.595441110-0.342020.8830220.8590490.1323980.545997115-0.422620.8213940.8992510.1244140.504587120-0.50.750.9370050.1176460.469716125-0.573580.671010.9721370.1119020.440221130-0.642790.5868241.0045040.1070270.41519135-0.707110.51.033990.1028970.393899140-0.766040.4131761.0605090.0994140.375771145-0.819150.328991.0839940.0964960.360343150-0.866030.251.1043990.0940790.347243155-0.906310.1786061.1216930.0921120.336168160-0.939690.1169781.1358570.0905540.326873165-0.965930.0669871.1468780.0893720.319163角度φcosφsinφVcxPcxPbx175-0.996190.0075961.1594770.0880540.307893180-11.5E-321.1610520.0878920.304111185-0.996190.0075961.1594770.0880540.301459190-0.984810.0301541.1547520.0885440.299888195-0.965930.0669871.1468780.0893720.299367200-0.939690.1169781.1358570.0905540.299888205-0.906310.1786061.1216930.0921120.301459210-0.866030.251.1043990.0940790.304111215-0.819150.328991.0839940.0964960.307893220-0.766040.4131761.0605090.0994140.312878225-0.707110.51.033990.1028970.319163230-0.642790.5868241.0045040.1070270.326873235-0.573580.671010.9721370.1119020.336168240-0.50.750.9370050.1176460.347243245-0.422620.8213940.8992510.1244140.360343250-0.342020.8830220.8590490.1323980.375771255-0.258820.9330130.816610.1418420.393899260-0.173650.9698460.7721780.1530560.41519265-0.087160.9924040.7260320.1664350.440221270-1.8E-1610.678490.1824930.4697162750.0871560.9924040.6298990.20190.5045872800.1736480.9698460.5806440.2255420.5459972850.2588190.9330130.5311330.2546060.5954412900.342020.8830220.4818010.29070.6548582950.4226180.8213940.4331030.3360330.7267913000.50.750.3855050.3936810.8146183050.5735760.671010.3394820.4679870.9228763100.6427880.5868240.2955090.5651581.0577373150.7071070.50.2540510.6941481.2277093200.7660440.4131760.2155620.8679361.4446683250.8191520.328990.1804691.1051891.7253773300.8660250.250.1491731.4319422.0937013350.9063080.1786060.1220361.8815782.5837013400.9396930.1169780.0993762.4879673.2435283450.9659260.0669870.0814623.2602274.1389423500.9848080.0301540.0685094.1259765.3519243550.9961950.0075960.0606744.8669766.96138536016E-320.0580525.1683778.9782713650.9961950.0075960.0606744.86697611.20612角度φcosφsinφVcxPcxPbx3750.9659260.0669870.0814623.26022713.85253800.9396930.1169780.0993762.48796713.090863850.9063080.1786060.1220361.88157811.206123900.8660250.250.1491731.4319428.9782713950.8191520.328990.1804691.1051896.9613854000.7660440.4131760.2155620.8679365.3519244050.7071070.50.2540510.6941484.1389424100.6427880.5868240.2955090.5651583.2435284150.5735760.671010.3394820.4679872.5837014200.50.750.3855050.3936812.0937014250.4226180.8213940.4331030.3360331.7253774300.342020.8830220.4818010.29071.4446684350.2588190.9330130.5311330.2546061.2277094400.1736480.9698460.5806440.2255421.0577374450.0871560.9924040.6298990.20190.9228764503.06E-1610.678490.1824930.814618455-0.087160.9924040.7260320.1664350.726791460-0.173650.9698460.7721780.1530560.654858465-0.258820.9330130.816610.1418420.595441470-0.342020.8830220.8590490.1323980.545997475-0.422620.8213940.8992510.1244140.504587480-0.50.750.9370050.1176460.469716485-0.573580.671010.9721370.1119020.440221490-0.642790.5868241.0045040.1070270.41519495-0.707110.51.033990.1028970.393899500-0.766040.4131761.0605090.0994140.375771505-0.819150.328991.0839940.0964960.360343510-0.866030.251.1043990.0940790.347243515-0.906310.1786061.1216930.0921120.336168520-0.939690.1169781.1358570.0905540.326873525-0.965930.0669871.1468780.0893720.319163530-0.984810.0301541.1547520.0885440.312878535-0.996190.0075961.1594770.0880540.307893540-11.35E-311.1610520.0878920.304111附表二活塞位移.速度和加速度随角度φ的变化角度cosφsinφsin2φcos2φxva01001006340.53550.9961950.0871560.0075960.9848080.0002621.4715616301.968100.9848080.1736480.0301540.9396930.0010432.963286186.997150.9659260.2588190.0669870.8660250.0023354.4627315997.802200.9396930.342020.1169780.7660440.0041215.9567515737.95250.9063080.4226180.1786060.6427880.0063817.4315925412.305300.86600.0090878.8731015026.905350.8191520.5735760.328990.342020.01220810.266914588.808400.7660440.6427880.4131760.1736480.01570811.598664105.91450.7071070.7071070.56.13E-170.01954712.854213586.748500.6427880.7660440.586824-0.173650.02368114.019883040.29550.5735760.8191520.67101-0.342020.02806615.082662475.707600.50.8660250.75-0.50.03265616.030461902.161650.4226180.9063080.821394-0.642790.03740316.852331328.577700.342020.9396930.883022-0.766040.0422617.5386763.4463750.2588190.9659260.933013-0.866030.04717918.08112214.6281800.1736480.9848080.969846-0.939690.05211718.4734-310.813850.0871560.9961950.992404-0.984810.05702918.71068-806.75906.13E-1711-10.06187518.7901-1268.1195-0.087160.9961950.992404-0.984810.06661618.71068-1690.93100-0.173650.9848080.969846-0.939690.07121818.4734-2072.45105-0.258820.9659260.933013-0.866030.0756518.08112-2411.05110-0.342020.9396930.883022-0.766040.07988217.5386-2706.3115-0.422620.9063080.821394-0.642790.08389116.85233-2958.82120-0.50.8660250.75-0.50.08765616.03046-3170.27125-0.573580.8191520.67101-0.342020.0911615.08266-3343.14130-0.642790.7660440.586824-0.173650.09438814.01988-3480.7135-0.707110.7071070.5-1.8E-160.09732812.85421-3586.75140-0.766040.6427880.4131760.1736480.09997311.59866-3665.5145-0.819150.5735760.328990.342020.10231510.26691-3721.37150-0.86600.104358.873101-3758.8155-0.906310.4226180.1786060.6427880.1060757.431592-3782.06160-0.939690.342020.1169780.7660440.1074875.956751-3795.1角度cosφsinφsin2φcos2φxva170-0.984810.1736480.0301540.9396930.1093722.96328-3803.74175-0.996190.0871560.0075960.9848080.1098431.471561-3804.28180-11.23E-161.5E-3210.112.05E-15-3804.32185-0.99619-0.087160.0075960.9848080.109843-1.43984-3804.28190-0.98481-0.173650.0301540.9396930.109372-2.83737-3803.74195-0.96593-0.258820.0669870.8660250.108586-4.18302-3801.38200-0.93969-0.342020.1169780.7660440.107487-5.4683-3795.1205-0.90631-0.422620.1786060.6427880.106075-6.68581-3782.06210-0.86603-0.10435-7.82921-3758.8215-0.81915-0.573580.328990.342020.102315-8.89319-3721.37220-0.76604-0.642790.4131760.1736480.099973-9.87341-3665.5225-0.70711-0.707110.53.06E-160.097328-10.7664-3586.75230-0.64279-0.766040.586824-0.173650.094388-11.5695-3480.7235-0.57358-0.819150.67101-0.342020.09116-12.2808-3343.14240-0.5-0.866030.75-0.50.087656-12.8988-3170.27245-0.42262-0.906310.821394-0.642790.083891-13.4225-2958.82250-0.34202-0.939690.883022-0.766040.079882-13.8515-2706.3255-0.25882-0.965930.933013-0.866030.07565-14.1853-2411.05260-0.17365-0.984810.969846-0.939690.071218-14.4237-2072.45265-0.08716-0.996190.992404-0.984810.066616-14.5668-1690.93270-1.8E-16-11-10.061875-14.6145-1268.112750.087156-0.996190.992404-0.984810.057029-14.5668-806.752800.173648-0.984810.969846-0.939690.052117-14.4237-310.8132850.258819-0.965930.933013-0.866030.047179-14.1853214.62812900.34202-0.939690.883022-0.766040.04226-13.8515763.44632950.422618-0.906310.821394-0.642790.037403-13.42251328.5773000.5-0.866030.75-0.50.032656-12.89881902.1613050.573576-0.819150.67101-0.342020.028066-12.28082475.7073100.642788-0.766040.586824-0.173650.023681-11.56953040.293150.707107-0.707110.5-4.3E-160.019547-10.76643586.7483200.766044-0.642790.4131760.1736480.015708-9.873414105.913250.819152-0.573580.328990.342020.012208-8.893194588.8083300.866025-0.009087-7.829215026.9053350.906308-0.422620.1786060.6427880.006381-6.685815412.3053400.939693-0.342020.1169780.7660440.004121-5.46835737.953450.965926-0.258820.0669870.8660250.002335-4.183025997.8023500.984808-0.173650.0301540.9396930.001043-2.837376186.9973550.996195-0.087160.0075960.9848080.000262-1.439846301.9683601-2.5E-166E-3214.13E-34-4.1E-156340.5353650.9961950.0871560.0075960.9848080.0002621.4715616301.968角度cosφsinφsin2φcos2φxva3750.9659260.2588190.0669870.8660250.0023354.4627315997.8023800.9396930.342020.1169780.7660440.0041215.9567515737.953850.9063080.4226180.1786060.6427880.0063817.4315925412.3053900.86600.0090878.8731015026.9053950.8191520.5735760.328990.342020.01220810.266914588.8084000.7660440.6427880.4131760.1736480.01570811.598664105.914050.7071070.7071070.52.33E-150.01954712.854213586.7484100.6427880.7660440.586824-0.173650.02368114.019883040.294150.5735760.8191520.67101-0.342020.02806615.082662475.7074200.50.8660250.75-0.50.03265616.030461902.1614250.4226180.9063080.821394-0.642790.03740316.852331328.5774300.342020.9396930.883022-0.766040.0422617.5386763.44634350.2588190.9659260.933013-0.866030.04717918.08112214.62814400.1736480.9848080.969846-0.939690.05211718.4734-310.8134450.0871560.9961950.992404-0.984810.05702918.71068-806.754503.06E-1611-10.06187518.7901-1268.11455-0.087160.9961950.992404-0.984810.06661618.71068-1690.93460-0.173650.9848080.969846-0.939690.07121818.4734-2072.45465-0.258820.9659260.933013-0.866030.0756518.08112-2411.05470-0.342020.9396930.883022-0.766040.07988217.5386-2706.3475-0.422620.9063080.821394-0.642790.08389116.85233-2958.82480-0.50.8660250.75-0.50.08765616.03046-3170.27485-0.573580.8191520.67101-0.342020.0911615.08266-3343.14490-0.642790.7660440.586824-0.173650.09438814.01988-3480.7495-0.707110.7071070.51.1E-150.09732812.85421-3586.75500-0.766040.6427880.4131760.1736480.09997311.59866-3665.5505-0.819150.5735760.328990.342020.10231510.26691-3721.37510-0.86600.104358.873101-3758.8515-0.906310.4226180.1786060.6427880.1060757.431592-3782.06520-0.939690.342020.1169780.7660440.1074875.956751-3795.1525-0.965930.2588190.0669870.8660250.1085864.462731-3801.38530-0.984810.1736480.0301540.9396930.1093722.96328-3803.74535-0.996190.0871560.0075960.9848080.1098431.471561-3804.28540-13.68E-161.35E-3110.116.14E-15-3804.32545-0.99619-0.087160.0075960.9848080.109843-1.43984-3804.28550-0.98481-0.173650.0301540.9396930.109372-2.83737-3803.74555-0.96593-0.258820.0669870.8660250.108586-4.18302-3801.38560-0.93969-0.342020.1169780.7660440.107487-5.4683-3795.1565-0.90631-0.422620.1786060.6427880.106075-6.68581-3782.06570-0.86603-0.10435-7.82921-3758.8角度cosφsinφsin2φcos2φxva580-0.76604-0.642790.4131760.1736480.099973-9.87341-3665.5585-0.70711-0.707110.5-9.8E-160.097328-10.7664-3586.75590-0.64279-0.766040.586824-0.173650.094388-11.5695-3480.7595-0.57358-0.819150.67101-0.342020.09116-12.2808-3343.14600-0.5-0.866030.75-0.50.087656-12.8988-3170.27605-0.42262-0.906310.821394-0.642790.083891-13.4225-2958.82610-0.34202-0.939690.883022-0.766040.079882-13.8515-2706.3615-0.25882-0.965930.933013-0.866030.07565-14.1853-2411.05620-0.17365-0.984810.969846-0.939690.071218-14.4237-2072.45625-0.08716-0.996190.992404-0.984810.066616-14.5668-1690.93630-4.3E-16-11-10.061875-14.6145-1268.116350.087156-0.996190.992404-0.984810.057029-14.5668-806.756400.173648-0.984810.969846-0.939690.052117-14.4237-310.8136450.258819-0.965930.933013-0.866030.047179-14.1853214.62816500.34202-0.939690.883022-0.766040.04226-13.8515763.44636550.422618-0.906310.821394-0.642790.037403-13.42251328.5776600.5-0.866030.75-0.50.032656-12.89881902.1616650.573576-0.819150.67101-0.342020.028066-12.28082475.7076700.642788-0.766040.586824-0.173650.023681-11.56953040.296750.707107-0.707110.58.57E-160.019547-10.76643586.7486800.766044-0.642790.4131760.1736480.015708-9.873414105.916850.819152-0.573580.328990.342020.012208-8.893194588.8086900.866025-0.009087-7.829215026.9056950.906308-0.422620.1786060.6427880.006381-6.685815412.3057000.939693-0.342020.1169780.7660440.004121-5.46835737.957050.965926-0.258820.0669870.8660250.002335-4.183025997.8027100.984808-0.173650.0301540.9396930.001043-2.837376186.9977150.996195-0.087160.0075960.9848080.000262-1.439846301.9687201-4.9E-162.4E-3111.65E-33-8.2E-156340.535附表三活塞位移.速度和加速度随角度φ的变化φβPφsinφ+βcosφ+βPgPjPPnTZK00.000.10500.00001.000050.1416155.716105.50.00.018743.216105.551.250.10450.10880.994145.1316057.416012.3349.01743.218558.615920.9102.490.10400.21620.976340.1115764.515724.4683.33403.418004.515366.8153.710.10350.32080.947235.1015282.415247.3988.64901.217109.514471.9204.910.10300.42110.907030.0914620.314590.21252.16166.815919.713282.1256.060.10250.51600.856625.0713790.613765.51462.67143.114495.311857.7307.180.10200.60430.796720.0612808.612788.51611.27789.612907.210269.6358.240.10150.68510.728415.0411692.311677.21691.98083.711232.68595.0409.250.10100.75750.652810.0310461.910451.81701.78021.99550.46912.74510.180.10050.82100.57105.019139.09134.01640.57618.77936.45298.75011.040.10000.87500.48420.007746.77746.71511.56905.96459.23821.55511.820.09950.91930.39375.016308.16313.11320.85929.05176.72539.16012.500.09900.95370.300610.034846.74856.71077.14744.64133.31495.66513.100.09850.97850.206315.043385.23400.3791.03416.03357.8720.17013.590.09800.99370.111720.061945.31965.3475.02009.32863.5225.87513.970.09750.99980.017925.07546.9571.9142.3589.32648.210.68014.250.09700.99720.074230.09792.0761.9193.5783.92696.058.38514.420.09650.98650.163735.102055.62020.5519.62058.12979.2341.59014.480.09600.96820.250040.113231.13191.0823.93191.03461.6823.99514.420.09550.94310.332545.134308.54263.41096.34151.64101.41463.710014.250.09500.91170.410850.145280.65230.51328.64920.34854.42216.710513.970.09450.87480.484455.166143.46088.21515.05488.65676.83039.111013.590.09400.83300.553260.176895.66835.51652.05858.26527.93890.311513.100.09350.78700.617065.197539.17473.91738.66038.97372.04734.312012.500.09300.73720.675670.208077.88007.61775.86046.98179.45541.712511.820.09250.68430.729275.228518.38443.11766.55903.08927.56289.813011.040.09200.62880.777680.238868.88788.61714.95630.29600.56962.913510.180.09150.57100.821085.249139.09053.81626.15252.210189.57551.81409.250.09100.51130.859490.269339.79249.41505.94791.810691.18053.51458.240.09050.45020.892995.279482.19386.81360.14269.911107.08469.31507.180.09000.38780.9217100.299577.49477.11194.03704.511442.18804.41556.060.08950.32450.9459105.309636.79531.41012.73110.311704.09066.4φβPφsinφ+βcosφ+βPgPjPPnTZK1653.710.08850.19580.9806115.339685.99570.6620.61877.612042.79405.11702.490.08800.13070.9914120.349691.99571.6415.91252.512136.09498.41751.250.08750.06540.9979125.369693.39568.0208.5626.212187.49549.71800.000.08700.00001.0000130.379693.49563.00.00.012200.79563.01851.250.08650.06540.9979135.399693.39557.9208.3625.512177.49539.71902.490.08850.13070.9914114.899691.99577.0416.21253.212141.59503.81953.710.08940.19580.9806106.589685.99579.3621.11879.312051.39413.72004.910.09060.26040.965594.749669.99575.2821.72502.711916.49278.82056.060.09210.32450.945979.119636.79557.61015.53118.911728.99091.32107.180.09410.38780.921759.389577.49518.01199.23720.511480.18842.42158.240.09650.45020.892935.149482.19446.91368.84297.311161.28523.62209.250.09940.51130.85945.889339.79333.81519.74835.510764.68126.922510.180.10290.57100.821029.059139.09168.11646.65318.510284.87647.223011.040.10700.62880.777670.478868.88939.31744.35726.79719.97082.223511.820.11190.68430.7292119.368518.38637.71807.26039.09072.46434.724012.500.11760.73720.6756176.978077.88254.81830.66233.68350.45712.824513.100.12440.78700.6170244.847539.17783.91810.76289.47568.44930.725013.590.13240.83300.5532324.916895.67220.61745.16188.26747.14109.425513.970.14180.87480.4844419.626143.46563.01633.25916.75913.83276.226014.250.15310.91170.4108532.085280.65812.71476.55468.05101.12463.526514.420.16640.94310.3325666.264308.54974.81279.34844.34345.61708.027014.480.18250.96820.2500827.303231.14058.41047.94058.43685.51047.927514.420.20190.98650.16371021.932055.63077.5791.43134.83157.8520.228014.250.22550.99720.07421259.03792.02051.0521.02110.32794.6156.928513.970.25460.99980.01791550.51546.91003.6249.81034.12619.118.529013.590.29070.99370.11171912.481945.332.87.933.52641.43.829513.100.33600.97850.20632367.113385.21018.1236.81022.82853.3215.630012.500.39370.95370.30062945.254846.71901.5421.71857.53223.2585.530511.820.46800.91930.39373690.456308.12617.6547.72458.43690.51052.831011.040.56520.87500.48424664.957746.73081.7601.32747.24157.91520.331510.180.69410.82100.57105958.569139.03180.5571.22652.94482.71845.03209.250.86790.75750.65287701.4410461.92760.4449.42118.64463.41825.73258.241.10520.68510.728410080.7911692.31611.5233.51115.63823.81186.13307.181.43190.60430.796713357.7112808.6549.269.2334.52196.7441.03356.061.88160.51600.856617867.0013790.64076.4433.12115.3873.8351