2023届山西省太原市等2地高三下学期二模英语试题 【含答案解析】

第1页/共1页2023年高三年级模拟考试(二)英语试卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WhenwillJimreturn?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.2.Whichisnotincludedintherent?A.Electricity.B.Heating.C.Parking.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplaceprobably?A.Athome.B.Attheairport.C.Inthecompany.4.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Ordertakeouts.B.Cookbythemselves.C.Dineintherestaurant.5.Howdoesthemansound?A.Surprised.B.Grateful.C.Worried.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhatlessondoesMaytake?A.ChineseSpeaking.B.ChinesePainting.C.ChineseCalligraphy.7.WhatdoesMaythinkofherteacher?A.Smart.B.Funny.C.Patient.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whydoesthewomancalltheserviceline?A.Toaskforadiscount.B.Toaskaboutrefundprocess.C.Tocomplainaboutproducts.9.Howsoonwilltheproblembesolvedaccordingtotherule?A.Within3days.B.Within5days.C.Within7days.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhatkindofclothesdoesMollysell?A.Clothesformenandkids.B.Fashionclothesforladies.C.Businessclothesforwomen.11.WhendidMollystartherbusiness?A.Inuniversity.B.Duringtraining.C.Aftergraduation.12.WhatisMolly’splanforthefuture?A.Openingaphysicalshop.B.Employingmoreworkers.C.Extendingtheclothesstyles.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13WhatdidCarldoyesterday?A.Hepractisedfortests.B.Hehadadrivinglesson.C.Hepassedthedrivingtheorytest.14.WhywasCarlnervous?A.Heexperiencedfailure.B.Hehadnoonetoturnto.C.Hewasnotfullyprepared.15.HowdoesCarlfeelaftertheroadtestlessons?A.Confident.B.Hesitant.C.Hopeless.16.WhatisCarlgoingtodoforhisroadtest?A.Printtheresult.B.Practisemore.C.Changeanewinstructor.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whoarethelistenersprobably?A.Tourguides.B.Newworkers.C.Visitors.18.Whattakesplaceeverytwoweeks?A.Asafetymeeting.B.Aspecialexperiment.C.Abrieftest.19.Whatareunacceptableinthislab?A.Jackets.B.Sportsshoes.C.Tightbelts.20.Whatisrequiredtokeepeverythingclean?A.Washinghands.B.Usingnewtools.C.Wearingprotectivesuits.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分60分)第一节(共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFathersarethebest.Sometimesdadscanbehardtoshopfor—asitfeelsliketheyhaveeverything.Butsurelytheyaremissingoutonsomethingandthat’sexactlywhereourlistofextraordinarygiftscomesin.ThermocareBlanketPerhapsyourdadneedstheperfectwarmblanketonthosefreezingwinterdays.Ifso,he’lllovetheThermocareBlanket.Madefromsoftandcomfortablematerial,thisblanketisperfecttosettleoneselfinto.Plus,itssmartdesignmeansyourdadcaneasilywrapitaroundhimself.Temperaturecanbeshownonasmalldigitalscreenandstayatacertainlevel.$66.89atMerryTimeModernSetThisdecent14-pieceteaset,includinganelectricteapot,sixcups,sixplatesandametalstoragestand,willhelphostaproperhighteaevent.Thesmoothappearancewillmakeitagreathomedecoration,andit’salsoveryeasytohold,storeandwash.Yourdadwillsurelyenjoyhavingguestswiththissetonthetable.$69.90atWalmartCATCH:3ClassicsThisstylishwirelesschargingstandfeaturesa10Woutputsothatyourdadcanchargedevicesquicklyandeasily—justplacethedevicesonthestandandpressthebuttontostartcharging.Thismostpopularchoiceismadefromgood-qualitymaterialsthatwilllastforyears.$70.00atWalmartBondingLampTheseelectricdevicesareagreatwaytokeepyourlovedonescloseby,nomatterwheretheyare.Theyalsohelpbridgeanygapsbetweenthetwoofyou.Whetheryou’remissingyourdadorjustwanttoshowhimhowmuchyoucare,justtouchyourlampathand,andtheotherlampinyourdad’srangewilllightupautomatically,lettinghimknowyou’rethinkingofhim.$128.00at1.Whichgiftisusedforafathertohosthisfriends?A.ThermocareBlanket. B.MerryTimeModernSet.C.CATCH:3Classics. D.BondingLamp.2.Whatdothefourgiftshaveincommon?A.Theyworkbyelectricity. B.Theyhavelowerpriceonline.C.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly. D.Theycanmakegoodhomedecoration.3.Whomaythetextbeintendedfor?A.Afatherwhoiskeenonfashion. B.Abloggerwhoprovidesadviceongifts.C.Afamilythatshopfordailynecessities. D.AdaughterwhoisbrowsingforFather’sDay.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几款为父亲节准备的礼物。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据MerryTimeModernSet中“Yourdadwillsurelyenjoyhavingguestswiththissetonthetable.”（你爸爸一定会喜欢有客人在餐桌上摆这套餐具的。）可知，父亲用来招待朋友的礼物是欢乐时光现代套装。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据ThermocareBlanket中“Temperaturecanbeshownonasmalldigitalscreenandstayatacertainlevel.”（温度可以显示在一个小的数字屏幕上，并保持在一定的水平。）、MerryTimeModernSet中“Thisdecent14-pieceteaset,includinganelectricteapot,sixcups,sixplatesandametalstoragestand,willhelphostaproperhighteaevent.”（这套像样的14件茶具，包括一个电茶壶、6个杯子、6个盘子和一个金属储物架，将有助于举办适当的下午茶活动。）、CATCH:3Classics中“Thisstylishwirelesschargingstandfeaturesa10Woutputsothatyourdadcanchargedevicesquicklyandeasily—justplacethedevicesonthestandandpressthebuttontostartcharging.”（这款时尚的无线充电支架具有10W的输出功率，因此您的父亲可以快速轻松地为设备充电-只需将设备放在支架上并按下按钮即可开始充电。）和BondingLamp中“Theseelectricdevicesareagreatwaytokeepyourlovedonescloseby,nomatterwheretheyare.”（这些电子设备是让你爱的人留在身边的好方法，不管他们在哪里。他们也有助于弥合你们之间的隔阂。）可知，这四种礼物的共同之处是它们靠电工作。故选A项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Fathersarethebest.Sometimesdadscanbehardtoshopfor—asitfeelsliketheyhaveeverything.Butsurelytheyaremissingoutonsomethingandthat’sexactlywhereourlistofextraordinarygiftscomesin.”（父亲是最好的。有时候给爸爸买礼物很难，因为感觉他们什么都有。但他们肯定错过了一些东西，这正是我们列出非凡天赋的原因。）可推知，这篇文章的读者是一个正在为父亲节浏览网页的女儿。故选D项。BAbrightandimpressivebuscarryingfreshlocalproduceappearedinacommunityofNorthCarolinainJune2022.Itwasthefirstpay-what-you-canMobileMarket.Asthenameimplies,shopperscouldpayanypriceoutoftheirownwill.Eventhesuggestedpricewasabout25%lessthanthatofferedingrocerystores.Thismarketgaveshoppersadignifiedwaytoprovidefoodfortheirfamiliesregardlessoftheirbudget.Seeingthejoyinshoppers’eyes,WillKomegay,thefounderofthisnon-profitprogram—MobileMarket,feltasenseofaccomplishment.Hehadoncewitnessedawastefulandunfortunatereality.Atthattime,countlesspoundsoffoodhadtobethrownawaybyfarmersduetotheinterruptioninthesupplychain.Meanwhile,millionsofpeoplewerestrugglingtoaffordenoughfoodtofeedtheirfamilies.Kornegaydidn’twanttostandby.Withmuchworkingexperienceinfoodindustryandbackgroundabouthowfoodsystemwasdesigned,Kornegaydecidedtousehiscompany’svastnetworkoffarmerandfoodindustryrelationshipstoaddresstheissue.Histeamusedbusestobridgethefarmers,thefoodindustriesandcommunitiesthatneededfoodmost.Thousandsofpoundsoffoodthatwassourcedfromlocalpartnerswasplacedintohomes.KornegaystillrememberedhowthefirstMobileMarketcameintobeing.Histeammadeadetailedplanandchosethecolorsandimagestheypreferred.Thentheypurchaseda“retired”schoolbusandrenovatedit,givingitanewdifferentlookandequippingitwithrefrigeratorsandfreezers.ThuswasbornthefirstMobileMarket.Todate,theprojecthaspartneredwithdozensoflocalfarmersandfoodproducersandhasalreadyservedanestimated10,000familiesover150,000poundsoffood.In2023,theteamhopetoserve80sitesacross20countiesinEasternNorthCarolina.Theirvisionistoperfecttheprojectwheretheylive,andscaleintoeverystatenationwide.4.WhatisthepurposeoftheMobileMarket?A.Toboosttheincomeoflocalresidents.B.Topromotesalesinlocalgrocerystores.C.Toraisemoneyforthefamilywithatightbudget.D.Toenablepeopletobuyfoodatanaffordableprice.5.HowdidKornegaymaketheprogramwork?A.Heensuredthefoodsafety. B.Heimprovedthesupplychain.C.Heincreasedthefoodproduction. D.Hebuiltanetworkbetweencommunities.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“renovated”meaninparagraph4?A.Transformed. B.Replaced. C.Photographed. D.Exchanged.7.WhatistheprospectoftheMobileMarketaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Itwillbehighlyprofitable. B.Itisexpectedtoexpandinscale.C.Itwillbecomeaneweconomictrend. D.Itisestimatedtoprovideworldwideservice.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了2022年6月，北卡罗来纳州的一个社区出现了一辆载着新鲜当地农产品的明亮而令人印象深刻的公共汽车。这是第一个按需付费的移动市场，这个市场为购物者提供了一种体面的方式，无论他们的预算如何，都可以为家人提供食物。文章介绍了这个项目的来历、运作方式以及前景。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Itwasthefirstpay-what-you-canMobileMarket.Asthenameimplies,shopperscouldpayanypriceoutoftheirownwill.Eventhesuggestedpricewasabout25%lessthanthatofferedingrocerystores.Thismarketgaveshoppersadignifiedwaytoprovidefoodfortheirfamiliesregardlessoftheirbudget.”（这是第一个按需付费的移动市场。顾名思义，购物者可以根据自己的意愿支付任何价格。即使是建议价格也比杂货店的价格低25%左右。这个市场为购物者提供了一种体面的方式，无论他们的预算如何，都可以为家人提供食物。）可知，移动市场的目的是使人们能够以负担得起的价格购买食品。故选D项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Atthattime,countlesspoundsoffoodhadtobethrownawaybyfarmersduetotheinterruptioninthesupplychain.Meanwhile,millionsofpeoplewerestrugglingtoaffordenoughfoodtofeedtheirfamilies.Kornegaydidn’twanttostandby.”（当时，由于供应链中断，无数磅的食物不得不被农民扔掉。与此同时，数以百万计的人正在努力负担足够的食物来养活他们的家人。Kornegay不想袖手旁观。）以及第三段中“Withmuchworkingexperienceinfoodindustryandbackgroundabouthowfoodsystemwasdesigned,Kornegaydecidedtousehiscompany’svastnetworkoffarmerandfoodindustryrelationshipstoaddresstheissue.Histeamusedbusestobridgethefarmers,thefoodindustriesandcommunitiesthatneededfoodmost.”（Kornegay拥有丰富的食品行业工作经验和食品系统设计背景，他决定利用公司庞大的农民和食品行业关系网络来解决这个问题。他的团队用公共汽车在农民、食品工业和最需要食物的社区之间架起桥梁。）可知，Kornegay是通过改善了供应链让这个项目发挥作用的。故选B项。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中的“…givingitanewdifferentlookandequippingitwithrefrigeratorsandfreezers.”（给它一个新的不同的外观，并配备了冰箱和冰柜。）可猜测，划线单词renovated为“翻新”的意思，结合选项A项Transformed“改变，改造”意思一致。故选A项。7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In2023,theteamhopetoserve80sitesacross20countiesinEasternNorthCarolina.Theirvisionistoperfecttheprojectwheretheylive,andscaleintoeverystatenationwide.”（到2023年，该团队希望为北卡罗来纳州东部20个县的80个站点提供服务。他们的愿景是完善他们居住的地方的项目，并扩大到全国每个州。）可知，根据最后一段，移动市场的前景为它的规模有望扩大。故选B项。CScientistshaverecentlydiscoveredtheworld’slargestknownfieldofseagrass.Theydiditusingvideosshotbysomeextraordinaryhelpers.Theworkshouldhelpprotecttheseagrass,andalsoshowsoffapowerfulwaytoexploretheocean.Asashelterformanyseacreatures,seagrassesarefloweringplantsthatnormallygrowinshallowwatersnearcoasts.Theygrowinthickfields,knownasseagrassmeadows(海草床),whichhelpcleantheoceanwater.Moreimportantly,theyarecalled“oceanlung”.Theyhelpinthefightagainsttheclimatecrisis.That’sbecausetheystorehugeamountsofcarbon—themajorsourceofglobalwarming.Damagingtheseseagrassmeadowscanreleasethispollutantagain,makingthingsworse.Consideringtheurgentneedtoprotectseagrassmeadows,scientistsareeagertoknowabouttheirsizeandnumber.However,themeadowscanbehardtospotfromabove,eitherbecausethewateristoodeepornotclearenough.Andtheoceanissohugethatit’shardtostudythembydiving.Soscientistsdecidedtohavetigersharkshelptheresearch.Tigersharksareinbornfastswimmers,andspendalotoftimeinseagrassmeadows.Between2016and2020,theresearchersattachedcamerasandothertrackerstothefinsofseventigersharks,andthenletthemgoagain.Thecamerasweredesignedtofalloffafterhoursandfloattothesurface.Trackingsignalshelpedfindthefloatingcamerasandcollectthevideosthesharkshadtakenwhiletravelingformiles.Moreover,othertoolswereused,includingsatelliteimages,aswellasimagestakenbydiversandboats.Puttingallthisinformationtogether,thescientistslearnedthatthewatersaroundtheBahamasarehometothelargestseagrassmeadoweverdiscovered.Andthemeadowscoveratleast25,500squaremiles,andcouldbeaslargeas35,500squaremiles.Differentfrompreviousstudies,theprogramdiscovershowusefullargeunderwateranimalscanbeinhelpingtolearnmoreaboutlifeunderthesea.OliverShipley,ascientistfromtheteam,saysanimalsliketigersharksaregoingtotakeustonewplacesthatwedidn’tknowexisted.8.Whydoseagrassmeadowsurgentlyneedprotection?A.Damagingthemwillworsenclimatecrisis.B.Theydeterminethecleanlinessofoceanwater.C.Seacreaturescan’tsurvivewithouttheirshelter.D.Theirexistencebalancestheunderwaterecosystem.9.Howdidtigersharkshelpthescientificresearch?A.Bytrackingsignalsscientistssent.B.Bybringingbackcameraswithvideos.C.Bycarryingtherecordingequipmentaround.D.Byspendingalotoftimeinseagrassmeadows.10.Whatisthehighlightabouttheresearchaccordingtothetext?A.Leadingscientists. B.Advancedtheories.C.Multipleexperimentaltools. D.Unusualresearchassistants.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ManandNatureWorkTogether B.ANovelWaytoExploretheSeaC.SeaGrass:AnUndervaluedPlant D.OceanLungMeasuredbyNaturalExplorers【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们发现了世界上已知的最大的海草场。他们使用一些不寻常的助手拍摄的视频来做到这一点：虎鲨。这项工作应该有助于保护海草，同时也展示了一种探索海洋的强大方式。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theyhelpinthefightagainsttheclimatecrisis.That’sbecausetheystorehugeamountsofcarbon—themajorsourceofglobalwarming.Damagingtheseseagrassmeadowscanreleasethispollutantagain,makingthingsworse.”（它们有助于对抗气候危机。这是因为它们储存了大量的碳——全球变暖的主要来源。破坏这些海草草甸会再次释放这种污染物，使情况变得更糟。）可知，海草草场迫切需要保护是因为破坏它们将加剧气候危机。故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Between2016and2020,theresearchersattachedcamerasandothertrackerstothefinsofseventigersharks,andthenletthemgoagain.Thecamerasweredesignedtofalloffafterhoursandfloattothesurface.Trackingsignalshelpedfindthefloatingcamerasandcollectthevideosthesharkshadtakenwhiletravelingformiles.Moreover,othertoolswereused,includingsatelliteimages,aswellasimagestakenbydiversandboats.”（在2016年至2020年期间，研究人员在七只虎鲨的鳍上安装了摄像头和其他追踪器，然后又放了它们。这些相机被设计成在几小时后脱落并漂浮到水面上。跟踪信号帮助找到了漂浮的摄像头，并收集了鲨鱼在几英里外旅行时拍摄的视频。此外，还使用了其他工具，包括卫星图像以及潜水员和船只拍摄的图像。）可知，虎鲨是通过随身携带记录设备帮助科学研究的。故选C项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Differentfrompreviousstudies,theprogramdiscovershowusefullargeunderwateranimalscanbeinhelpingtolearnmoreaboutlifeunderthesea.OliverShipley,ascientistfromtheteam,saysanimalsliketigersharksaregoingtotakeustonewplacesthatwedidn’tknowexisted.”（与之前的研究不同，该项目发现了大型水下动物在帮助了解更多海底生命方面的有用性。该团队的科学家奥利弗·希普利(OliverShipley)说，像虎鲨这样的动物将把我们带到我们不知道存在的新地方。）可推知，根据文章，研究的亮点是不同寻常的研究辅助对象——即虎鲨。故选D项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Scientistshaverecentlydiscoveredtheworld’slargestknownfieldofseagrass.Theydiditusingvideosshotbysomeextraordinaryhelpers.Theworkshouldhelpprotecttheseagrass,andalsoshowsoffapowerfulwaytoexploretheocean.”（科学家最近发现了世界上已知的最大的海草田。他们使用了一些非凡的帮手拍摄的视频。这项工作应该有助于保护海草，也展示了一种探索海洋的有力方式。）和第二段中“Asashelterformanyseacreatures,seagrassesarefloweringplantsthatnormallygrowinshallowwatersnearcoasts.Theygrowinthickfields,knownasseagrassmeadows(海草床),whichhelpcleantheoceanwater.Moreimportantly,theyarecalled“oceanlung”.”（作为许多海洋生物的避难所，海草是一种开花植物，通常生长在靠近海岸的浅水区。它们生长在厚厚的田野里，被称为海草草地，这有助于清洁海水。更重要的是，它们被称为“海洋肺”。）可知，主要讲述了科学家们发现了世界上已知的最大的海草场。他们使用一些不寻常的助手拍摄的视频来做到这一点：虎鲨。这项工作应该有助于保护海草，同时也展示了一种探索海洋的强大方式。故文章最好的标题是“由自然探险家测量的海洋肺”。故选D项。DTheRomanColosseum(罗马圆形大剧场),builtaroundtwothousandyearsago,surviveda14thcenturyearthquakeandmostofthe150-somefoothighbuildingisstillstanding.IthasseentheriseandfallofenormousstructuresaswellastheRomanEmpire.Whycouldtheancientstructurestandthetestoftimewhilemanymodernconstructionsfallapartafterafewdecades?ScientistsbelievetheancientRomansusedaspecificconcretewhichmayaccountforitssuper-longexistence.PreviousdiscoverieshaveconfirmedthecomponentsoftheRomanconcrete:volcanicmaterial,limestone(石灰石)andwater.Architectssupposethevolcanicmaterialiswhatmakesthebuildingstrong—whichitdoes.Butthisisnotenoughtoexplainthearchitecture’sdurability.AteamofresearchersrecentlydiscoveredamagicalpoweroftheRomanconcrete:self-healing.Andthekeyactuallyliesinthetinypiecesoflimestone.Worthmentioningisthatresearchershadtakenthemasimpurities(杂质)duetothelimitationofancienttechnology.ButitturnedoutthatancientRomansseemedtohavediscoveredthesecret.WhentheRomansmadethemixture,theyheatedupthelimestonetoturnitintoquicklime,averyreactivechemical.Quicklimereactedwithwaterandproducedheatthatsetupachemicalfoundationtostrengthenthebuildingmaterial.Meanwhile,itwould“wear”ahard“shell”,forminglimestonepieces.Itwasthesepiecesthatstoppedthecracks(裂缝)frombecomingbigger.Whentherewasrain,thepiecesreactedwithwateragain,quicklyfillingthecracks.FormaterialscientistAinissaRamirez,thisnewunderstandingofancientRomanconcreteisawelcomediscovery.“Thisisonewaythatthematerialcanbegreener,”saysRamirez,“TheRomansmadethematerial.Wehadtokindoffigureouthowtheydiditsothatwecanmakebettermaterials—andthen,youknow,inturn,bebetterguardsofourenvironment.”12.WhycouldRomanColosseumstillexistaccordingtothetext?A.Itwasrebuiltconstantly. B.Itmetfewnaturaldisasters.C.Itcontainedaspecialmaterial. D.Itsshapeincreasedthestability.13.Whatisthefunctionofthelimestonepieces?A.Topurifytheconcrete. B.Toreactwithvolcanicmaterial.C.Tomakethestructurewater-proof. D.Toenablethebuildingtorepairitself.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph3referto?A.Therainwater. B.Thefoundation. C.Thequicklime D.Thelimestone.15.WhatcanbeinferredfromAinissaRamirez’swords?A.Architectscangetinspirationfromancientstructures.B.TheRomans’buildingmethodremainsasecrettillnow.C.Romans’wisdomthrowslightoneco-friendlyarchitecture.D.Scientistsareexploringhowtoguardtheancientcivilization.【答案】12.C13.D14.C15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了罗马斗兽场建于大约两千年前，在14世纪的一场地震中幸存下来，大部分150多英尺高的建筑仍然屹立不倒。它见证了巨大建筑和罗马帝国的兴衰。为什么古代建筑能经受住时间的考验，而许多现代建筑在几十年后就倒塌了？科学家认为，古罗马人使用了一种特殊的混凝土，这可能是它超长存在的原因。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“ScientistsbelievetheancientRomansusedaspecificconcretewhichmayaccountforitssuper-longexistence.”（科学家认为，古罗马人使用了一种特殊的混凝土，这可能是它超长存在的原因。）可知，罗马斗兽场还能存在的原因是它含有一种特殊的材料。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“AteamofresearchersrecentlydiscoveredamagicalpoweroftheRomanconcrete:self-healing.Andthekeyactuallyliesinthetinypiecesoflimestone.”（一组研究人员最近发现了罗马混凝土的神奇力量：自我修复。关键就在那些细小的石灰岩中。）可知，石灰石的功能是使建筑能够自我修复。故选D项。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Quicklimereactedwithwaterandproducedheatthatsetupachemicalfoundationtostrengthenthebuildingmaterial.”（生石灰与水发生反应并产生热量，从而建立起化学基础来强化建筑材料。）以及划线单词句中的Meanwhile，可知，划线单词it指的就是上文提到的生石灰。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Wehadtokindoffigureouthowtheydiditsothatwecanmakebettermaterials—andthen,youknow,inturn,bebetterguardsofourenvironment.”（我们必须弄清楚他们是如何做到的，这样我们才能制造出更好的材料，然后，你知道，反过来，更好地保护我们的环境。）可知，从AinissaRamirez的话中可以推断出罗马人的智慧为环保建筑提供了启示。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtogetagoodletterofrecommendationYourprofessorsareoftenaskedtowritehundredsoflettersofrecommendationduringteachingincolleges.____16____,theydoplayakeyroleinhelpingemployersgetanideaofanapplicant’spersonality,persistence,andpassion.Herearefourpointstokeepinmindwhenitcomestoaskingforlettersofrecommendation.____17____.Ideally,theletterwriterwillknowyouwellandhaveplentyofpositivethingstosaywithoutmuchmake-up.Butitneverhurtstoshareyourpersonalstatementthatincludesyouraccomplishmentsandpassions.Afterall,it’syouthatknowhowtoletyourhighlightsstandout.Don’ttellyourprofessorwhattosay.Thisoneisalittletricky,becauseitseemstocontradictthetipabove.____18____,butavoidtellinghimexactlywhattowrite.Professorsknowhowtopenaneffectiveletterofrecommendationwell.Don’taskforaletteratthelastminute.Ruleofthumb:Givetheprofessoratleastafewmonths’notice.Remember,yourprofessorwillspendquiteawhilecomposingtheletterofrecommendation,soexpressyourrequestinarespectful,appreciativeandthoughtfulway.Alastminuterequestwillannoytheprofessor,anditmayalsoleadtoasub-standardletter.____19____.Expressyourgratitude.Athoughtfulletterofrecommendationtakestime.____20____.Mostprofessorswritedozensofrecommendations,ifnotmore.Besuretoletthemknowthatyouappreciatetheirtimeandeffort.Don’triskendingupwitharegretbyforgettingtosendahandwrittennotewithasincerethankyou.A.NobodywinsinsuchahurryB.ExposearealyourselfaccordinglyC.MaintainagoodrelationshipwiththemD.Andchancesareyouaren’ttheonlyoneaskingE.GivetheprofessorabroadoutlineaboutyourrequestF.WhiletheselettersmaynotbeasimportantastestscoresG.Becausetheemployerscaremuchabouttherecommendation【答案】16.F17.B18.E19.A20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在大学教学期间，你的教授经常被要求写数百封推荐信。虽然这些信件可能没有考试成绩那么重要，但它们确实在帮助雇主了解求职者的个性、毅力和热情方面发挥了关键作用。并且介绍了写推荐信的时候要记住的四点要求。【16题详解】上文“Yourprofessorsareoftenaskedtowritehundredsoflettersofrecommendationduringteachingincolleges.”（在大学教学期间，你的教授经常被要求写数百封推荐信。）引出话题，提到推荐信。下文“theydoplayakeyroleinhelpingemployersgetanideaofanapplicant’spersonality,persistence,andpassion.”（它们确实在帮助雇主了解应聘者的个性、毅力和热情方面发挥了关键作用。）说明信件确实发挥了关键作用。故可推断空格处内容为这些信件可能没有那么重要。结合选项F项Whiletheselettersmaynotbeasimportantastestscores.（虽然这些信件可能没有考试成绩那么重要。）符合此推断，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。【17题详解】由该题为段落小标题可知，为总结该段内容。该段下文“Ideally,theletterwriterwillknowyouwellandhaveplentyofpositivethingstosaywithoutmuchmake-up.Butitneverhurtstoshareyourpersonalstatementthatincludesyouraccomplishmentsandpassions.Afterall,it’syouthatknowhowtoletyourhighlightsstandout.”（理想情况下，写信人会很了解你，而且不需要化妆就能说很多积极的事情。但分享你的个人陈述，包括你的成就和激情，永远不会有坏处。毕竟，是你知道如何让你的亮点脱颖而出。）可知，讲的是分享你的个人陈述，让自己的优点脱颖而出。结合选项B项Exposearealyourselfaccordingly.（相应地暴露真实的自己）意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选B项。【18题详解】根据上文“Don’ttellyourprofessorwhattosay.Thisoneisalittletricky,becauseitseemstocontradictthetipabove.”（不要告诉你的教授该说什么。这一点有点棘手，因为它似乎与上面的提示相矛盾。）说明不要告诉你的教授该说什么。下文“butavoidtellinghimexactlywhattowrite.”（但不要告诉他具体该写什么。）为转折关系，说明不要告诉他具体该写什么。故可推断空格处内容为给教授简单的一个内容大纲。结合选项E项Givetheprofessorabroadoutlineaboutyourrequest.（就你的要求给教授一个大致的提纲。）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。【19题详解】根据该段标题“Don’taskforaletteratthelastminute.”（不要在最后一分钟才开口要信。）以及上文“Alastminuterequestwillannoytheprofessor,anditmayalsoleadtoasub-standardletter.”（最后一分钟的请求会惹恼教授，也可能导致一封不合格的信。）可知，该段主要讲的是不要在最后的时间内写信。结合选项A项Nobodywinsinsuchahurry.（没有人赢得如此匆忙。）和上文内容相关，为上文内容的语意递进，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。【20题详解】上文“Athoughtfulletterofrecommendationtakestime.”（一封深思熟虑的推荐信需要时间。）下文“Mostprofessorswritedozensofrecommendations,ifnotmore.”（大多数教授会写几十份推荐信，甚至更多。）说明教授会写很多推荐信。结合选项D项Andchancesareyouaren’ttheonlyoneasking.（而且你可能不是唯一一个问这个问题的人。）可知，和上下文内容相关，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Inmyprimaryschool,weusedtowritealotinMrs.White’sclass.Thereweremanymistakesinmywritings.Butnored____21____.Instead,alwaysastar.Sometimes____22____aGood!Iwouldjumpwithjoyatit.Butthis____23____mymother.ShewantedtofigureoutwhyMrs.Whitenever____24____spellingorgrammaticalerrors.Thenonedayshewenttoseeher.Mrs.Whitereplied,“Childrenarejustbeginningtoget____25____aboutusingwords,aboutformingsentences.Idon’twantto____26____thatenthusiasmorputanypressureonthemwithredink.Spellingandgrammarcanwait,butthe____27____ofwordswon‘t…”Andmaybeshedidn’tsayit____28____likethat.Butwhat’sforsureisthatIgrewuplearningtousewordswith____29____confidencefromher.ItoccurstomethatifMrs.Whitehadusedherredpenmore_____30_____,Iprobablywouldn’tbetellingyouaboutthisnow.Lookingback,Ithinkshewassucha(n)_____31_____teacher—toexercise“red-pen-restriction”.Sheallowedthejoy,wonderandexcitementofexpressiontocomeout.Inmiddleschool,Iusedto_____32_____thewordbeautifulas“baeutiful”.Although“pretty”is_____33_____tospell,itdoesn’tholdasmuchasyoumeansometimes.SoItoldmyselfthatifIwasgoingto_____34_____theword,theleastIcoulddowasspellitright.Eventually,Imadeit.AndthankstoMrs.White,Ihadno_____35_____whenwritingwhatImeantevenifIcouldn’tquitespellitout.BecauseLifeisn’tPretty.It’s“Baeutiful”.21.A.signals B.corrections C.remarks D.symbols22.A.even B.yet C.ever D.still23.A.threatened B.shocked C.worried D.pleased24.A.gaveup B.waitedfor C.wrotedown D.pointedout25.A.nervous B.sensitive C.excited D.confused26.A.kill B.fuel C.welcome D.ignore27.A.meaning B.choice C.repetition D.wonder28.A.formally B.exactly C.firmly D.loudly29.A.new B.little C.poor D.full30.A.precisely B.carefully C.personally D.cautiously31.A.reliable B.romantic C.extraordinary D.famous32.A.recognise B.identify C.misuse D.misspell33.A.better B.harder C.easier D.faster34.A.cancel B.employ C.imitate D.read35.A.tension B.relief C.complaint D.anger【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.C26.A27.D28.B29.D30.A31.C32.D33.C34.B35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在上小学的时候，怀特老师没有及时地纠正作者班上同学的拼写错误，而是不想扼杀他们学习使用单词的热情，也不想用红字给他们施加压力，从而让他们更自信地去学习的故事。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是没有红色的修正。A.signals信号；B.corrections修正；C.remarks评论；D.symbols符号。根据上文“Thereweremanymistakesinmywritings.”文章中有许多错误，以及下文“Instead,alwaysastar.”相反，永远是星星，可推知，此处为但是没有红色的修正。故选B项。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：有时甚至是一个好！A.even甚至；B.yet仍然，还；C.ever曾经；D.still仍然。根据上文提到的文章中有许多错误，没有红色的修正，相反，永远是星星。以及该句中的even，可推知，此处为有时甚至是一个好！故选A项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这让我母亲很担心。A.threatened威胁；B.shocked使震惊；C.worried担心；D.pleased使满意。根据该句中的But