2009年6月英语四级考试真题与答案

Tiffanysays.“Imissedout,butwillnotmissthatopportunityManyofushavehadsimilarencounterswithbehaviorsweperceiveasdifferent.Astheworld essmallerandourworkcesmorediverse,itis essentialtoexpandourunder-standingofothersandtoreexaminesomeofourfalseassumptions.Atatimewhenhiringqualifiedpeopleis ingmoredifficult,employerswhocaneliminateinvalidbiases(偏爱fromtheprocesshaveadistinctadvantage,MindsetsLLC,helpsorganizationsandindividualsseetheirownblindspots.Arealestaterecruiterweworkedwithillustratesthepositivedifferencesuchtrainingcanmake.“DuringmyMindsetscoachingsession,Iwastaughthowtorecruitadiversifiedwork.Irecruitedpeoplefromdifferentculturesandskillsets.Theagentswereabletoutilizetheirfullpotentialandexperiencestobuildupthe .Whentherealestatemarketbegantochange,itwasbecausewehadadiverseagentpoolthatwewereabletostayintherealestatemarketmuchlongerthanothersinthesameBlindedbyDaleisanaccountexecutivewhoattendedoneofmyworkshopsonsupervisingadiversework.“Throughoneofthesessions,Idiscoveredmy albias,”herecalls.“IlearnedIhadnotbeenlookingata asawhole ,andbeingopentodifferences.”Inhiscase,theblindnesswasnotaboutculturebutrathergender“Ihadamanagementpositionopeninmydepartment;andthetwofinalistswereamanandawoman.HadInotattendedthisworkshop,Iwouldhaveautomaticallyassumedthemanwasthebestcandidatebecausethepositionrequiredquiteabitofextensivetravel.Myreasoningwouldhavebeenthateventhoughbothcandidatesweregreatandcouldhavebeensuccessfulintheposition,Iassumedthewomanwouldhavewantedtobehomewithherchildrenandnottravel.”Dale’sassumptionsareanotherexampleofthewell-intentionedbutincorrectthinkingthatlimitsanorganization’sabilitytotapintothefullpotentialofadiversework.“Ilearnedfromtheclassthatinsteadofimposingmygenderbiasesintothesituation,Ineededtopresentthefullrangeofduties,responsibilitiesandexpectationstoallcandidatesandallowthemtomakeaninformeddecision.”Dalecreditstheworkshop,“becauseithelpedmemakedecisionsbasedonfairness.”YearoftheKnow-It-Dougisanothersupervisorwhoattendedoneofmyworkshops.Herecallsamajorlessonlearnedfromhisownemployee.“OneofmymostembarrassingmomentswaswhenIhada-AmericanemployeeputinarequesttotaketimeofftocelebrateNewYear.Inmyignorance,Iassumedhehadhisdateswrong,asthefirstofJanuaryhadjustpassed.WhenIadvisedhimofthis,Igavehimalongtalking-toaboutturninginrequestswiththeproperdates“Hepatientlywaited,thenwhenIwasdone,hesaidhewouldlikeNewYeardidnotbeginJanuaryfirst,andthatNewYear,whichistiedtothelunarcycle,isoneofthemostcelebratedholidaysonthecalendar.Needlesstosay,Ifeltveryembarrassedinassuminghehadhisdatesmixedup.ButIlearnedagreatdealaboutassumptions,andthatthetimingofholidaysvariesconsiderablyfromculturetoculture.“AttendingthediversityworkshophelpedmerealizehowmuchIcouldlearnbysimplyaskingquestionsandcreatingdialogueswithmyemployees,ratherthanmakingassumptionsandtryingtobeaknow-it-all,”Dougadmits.“ThebiggestthingItookawayfromtheworkshopislearninghowtobemore‘inclusive’todifferences.”AbetterBottomAnopenmindaboutdiversitynotonlyimprovesorganizationsinternally,itisprofitableaswell.Thesecommentsfromacustomerservicerepresentativeshowhowaninclusiveattitudecanimprovesales.”MostofmycustomersspeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.Oneofthebestthingsmy hasdoneistocontractwithalanguageservicethatofferstranslationsoverthephone.Itwasn’tuntilmybossreceivedMindsets’trainingthatshewasabletounderstandhowimportantinclusivenesswastocustomerservice.Asresult,ourcustomerbasehasincreased.”Oncewestarttoseepeopleasindividuals.anddiscardthestereotypes,wecanmovepositivelytowardinclusivenessforeveryone.Diversityisaboutcomingtogetherandtakingadvantageofourdifferencesandsimilarities.Itisaboutbuildingbettercommunitiesandorganizationsthatenhanceusasindividualsandreinoursharedhumanity.Whenwebegintoquestionourassumptionsandchallengewhatwethinkwehavelearnedfromourpastfromthemediapeersfamilyfriendsetcwebegintorealizethatsomeofourconclusionsareflawed(有缺陷的)orcontrarytoourfundamentalvaluesWeneedtotrainour-selvestothinkdifferentlyshiftourmindsetsandrealizethatdiversityopensdoorsforallofus,creatingopportunitiesinorganizationsandcommunitiesthatbenefiteveryone.WhatbotheredTiffanyduringaninterviewwithherHejustwouldn’tlookherintheHewasslowinansweringherHisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereHisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevantTiffany’smisjudgmentaboutthecandidatestemmed Racial C)Racial al D)EmphasisonphysicalWhatis ingessentialinthecourseofeconomicglobalizationaccordingtotheauthor?Hiringqualifiedtechnicaland IncreasingunderstandingofpeopleofotherConstantlyupdatingknowledgeandExpandingdomesticandinternationalWhatkindoforganizationisMindsetsArealestate C)Aculturalexchange nel D)Ahi-Afteroneoftheworkshops,accountexecutiveDalerealized HehadhiredthewrongHecouldhavedonemoreforhisHehadnotmanagedhisworkHemustgetridofhisgenderWhatdidDalethinkofMindsetsLLC’sItwaswell-intentionedbutpoorlyIttappedintotheexecutives’fullIthelpedhimmakefairItmetparticipants’diverseHowdidDoug,asupervisor,respondtoa-Americanemployee’srequestforleave?Hetoldhimtogetthedates C)HeflatlyturneditHedemandedanex D)HereadilyapprovedDoug whenherealizedthathisassumptionwasAfterattendingMindsets’workshops,theparticipantscametoknowtheimportanceof totheirbusiness.Whenweviewpeopleasindividualsandgetridofstereotypes,wecanachievediversityandbenefitfromthe betweenus.Part Listening (35SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.SheexpectedmorepeopleatherSheenjoysentertainingsmallShethrewasurprisepartyforherShehasalwaysenjoyedgreat12.A)TheyarenotusedtolivinginacoldTheyfeelluckytoliveinTheyaregoingtohaveaTheyhavenotbookedtheirairticketsA)Hewaspleasedtogetthe C)HeusedtobeaHewasvery D)HewasaccusedofcausingaA)Makeaprofitable C)GetpartsforthemachinefromBuyanewwashing D)HavetheoldwashingmachineA)HeispleasedwithhisexcitingnewHefindsthehugeworkloadHefindshisofficemuchtoobigforHeisnotsoexcitedabouthisnewA)ThewomanisgoingtoholdabigpartyThemanhasnoideawhattherightthingtodoThewomandoesn’tknowhowtogettotheThemanofferstodrivethewomantotheA)Drawingupabusiness C)FinalizingaDiscussingaterm D)Reviewingaco-authoredA)Sheorderedsome C)ShechattedonlinewithaShehadtheprinter D)ShefilledinanapplicationQuestions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Hishealthisgetting C)HispastlifeupsetshimagoodHecannolongerworkat D)HehasnotgottheexpectedA)Shepassedawayyears C)ShehasbeenworkingataSheusedtoworkasa D)ShehasbeenseriouslyillforA)ShehasmadelotsofmoneyasaSheisgoingtotakecareofheroldShehasnevergotonwithherSheiskindandgenerousbyA)HedinesoutwithhiswifeeveryHeisexcellentbutlookshad-HedoesnotcareabouthisHeisnotquitepopularwithhisQuestions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)ThemanhassenttheordertothewomanbySomeof ephonesystemsdon’tworkSomeofthepacksdonotcontainanyThequalityofthegoodsisnotuptotheA)SendaserviceengineertodotheConsultherbossaboutthebestPasstheman’sordertothe ThequalityofthegoodsisnotuptotheA) C) D)SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage.Youwillhearsomequestions.Bossthepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthePassageQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Itis C)IttakeslotsofItisacostly D)ItrequiresA)Theycanharmnearby C)TheyfighteachotherforTheymaycatchsome D)Theymaypollutethe cethefoodonwarmer C)AvoidusinganycontaminatedUsepreparedfeedmixtures D)ContinuethefeedingtillitgetsPassageQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)HewillbetrayevenhisbestHeisabletomakeupgoodHewillliewheneverheHetriestoachievehisgoalatanyA)Shemadehim C)ShebrokeupwithShereadilyforgave D)SherefusedtoanswerhisA)Buyheranewsetof C)LendherhisHelpcleanher D)MovefurnitureforPassageQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheatmospheretheyliveinisratherTheirparentsputtoomuchpressureonIt’shardforthemtogetalongwithotherTheyhavetoliveintheshadowoftheirA)HealwaysboastsabouthisrichHewillgrowuptobegoodforHehastoomuchtoknowthevalueofHeistooyoungtomanagehisinheritedA)ShewantsAmandatogetprofessionalShehasnoexperienceinraisingShewantstoshowoffherShehasnotimetodoitA)ThelifestyledepictedinHollywoodTheworshipofmoney,beautyandTheattentionthemediafocusesonThepursuingofperfectioninSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Around120yearsago,Ebbinghausbeganhisstudyofmemory.He(36) studyinghowquicklythehumanmindcanremember(37) .Oneresultofhisresearchisknownasthetotaltimehypothesis(假设),whichsimplymeanstheamountyoulearn(38) onthetimeyouspendtryingtolearnit.Thiscanbetakenasourfirstruleoflearning.Althoughitisusuallytruethatstudyingforfourhoursisbetterthanstudyingforone,thereisstillthequestionofhowweshouldusethefourhours.Forexample,isitbettertostudyforfourhours(39) ortostudyforonehouradayforfourdaysina(40) ?.Theanswer,asyoumayhave(41) ,isthatitisbettertospreadoutthestudytimes.This(42) ,throughwhichwecanlearnmore(43) dividingourpracticetime,isknownasthedistributionofpracticeeffect.Thus,(44).shortperiodsoftime.(45).Shouldyoulookatthesamewordinrapidsuccession,orlookatthewordandthenhavesomedelaybeforeyoulookatitagain?(46).PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingEveryyearinthefirstweekofmyEnglishclass,somestudentsinformmethatwrithingistoohard.Theyneverwrite,unlessassignments47it.Theyfinethewritingprocess48anddifficult.Howawfultobeabletospeakinalanguagebutnottowriteinit-49Englishwithitsrichvocabulary.Beingabletospeakbutnotwriteislikelivinginan50mansion(豪宅)andneverleavingonesmallroom.WhenImeetstudentswhothinktheycan’twrite,Iknowasateachermy51istoshowthemtherestoftheroomsMytaskistobuildfluencywhileprovidingtheopportunityinherentinanywritingactivityto52themoralandemotionaldevelopmentofmystudentsOnegreatwaytodothisisbyhavingstudentswriteinajournalinclasseveryday.Writingabilityislikestrengthtraining.Writingneedstobedone53,justlikeexercise;justasmusclesgrowstrongerwithexercise,writingskillsimprovequicklywithwritingpractice.Ioftenseeariseinstudentconfidenceand54afteronlyafewweeksofjournalwriting.ExpressingoneselfinwritingisoneofthemostimportantskillsIteachtostrengthenthewholestudent.Whenmystudentspracticejournalwriting,theyarepracticingfortheirfutureacademic,political,and55lives.Theybuildskillssothatsomedaytheymightwriteagreatnovel,apieceofsorelyneededlegislation,ortheperfectloveletter.Everydaythattheywriteintheirjournalsputsthematofluencyeloquence(雄辩andcommandoflanguageSectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingTheJanuaryfashionshow,calledFutureFashion,exemplifiedhowfargreendesignhascome.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednonprofitEarthPledge,theshowinspiredmanytopdesignerstoworkwithsustainablefabricsforthefirsttime.Severalhavesincemadepledgestoincludeorganicfabricsintheirlines.Thedesignerswhoundertakegreenfashionstillfacemanychallenges.ScottHahn,cofounderwithGregoryofRoganandLoomstate,whichusesall-organiccotton,sayshigh-qualitysustainablematerialscanstillbetoughtofine.“Mostdesignerswithexistinglabelsarefindingtherearen’tcomparablefabricsthatcanjustrecewhatyou’rengandshatyourcustomersareusedto,”hesays.Forexample,organiccottonandnon-organiccottonarevirtuallyindistinguishableoncewovenintoadress.Butsomepopularsynthetics,likestretchnylon,stillhavefeweco-friendlyequivalents.Thosewhodomaketheswitcharefindingtheyhavemoresupport.LastyeartheinfluentialtradeshowDesigners&Agentsstoppedchargingitsparticipationfeeforyounggreenentrepreneurs企业家)whoattenditstwospringtimeshowsinLosAngelesandNewYorkandgavespecialrecognitiontodesignerswhosecollectionsareatleast25%sustainable.Itnowcountsmorethan50greendesigners,upfromfewerthanadozentwoyearsago.ThisweekWal-Martissettoannounceamajorinitiativeaimedathelcottonfarmersgoorganic:itwillbuytransitional(过渡型的)athigherprices,thusheltoexpandthesupplyofakeysustainablematerial.“Mainstreamisabouttooccur,”saysHahn.Someysts(分析师)arelesssure.Amongconsumers,only18%areevenawarethatecofashionexists,upfrom6%fouryearsago.NatalieHormilla,afashionwriter,isanexampleoftheunconvertedconsumer,whenaskedifsheownedanysustainableclothes,shereplied:“NotthatI’mawareof.”Likemostconsumers,shefindslittletimetoshop,andwhenshedoes,she’sonthehuntfor“cutestuffthatisn’ttooexpensiveByherownadmission,greenjustisn’tyetonhermind.But–thankstothecombinedeffortsofdesigners,retailersandrs–onedayitwillbe.WhatissaidaboutItinspiredmanyleadingdesignerstostartgoingItshowedthatdesignersusingorganicfabricswouldgoItservedasanexampleofhowfashionshowsshouldbeItconvincedthepublicthatfashionableclothesshouldbemadeAccordingtoScottHahn,onebigchallengetodesignerswhowillgoorganicis muchmoretimeisneededtofinishadressusingsustainablematerialstheyhavetocreatenewbrandsforclothesmadeoforganicmaterialscustomershave lingorganicfromnon-organicmaterialsqualityorganicrecementsforsyntheticsarenotreadilyavailableWelearnfromParagraph3thatdesignerswhoundertakegreen canattendvarioustrade arereadilyrecognizedbythefashioncanbuyorganiccottonatfavorablepricesaregainingmoreandmoresupportWhatisNatalieHormilla’sattitudetowardShedoesn’tseemtocareabout C)SheisdoubtfulofitspracticalShedoesn’tthinkitis D)SheisverymuchopposedtotheWhatdoestheauthorthinkofgreenGreenproductswillsoongoIthasaverypromisingConsumershavethefinalItwillappealmoretoyoungPassageQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingScientistshavedevisedawaytodetermineroughlywherea haslivedusingastrand(缕)ofhair,atechniquethatcouldhelptrackthemovementsofcriminalsorunidentifiedmurdervictims.Themethodreliesonmeasuringhowchemicalvariationsindrinkingwatershowupinpeople’shair.“You’rewhatyoueatanddrink,andthat’srecordedinyouhair,”saidThureCerling,ageologistattheUniversityofUtah.WhileU.Sdietisrelativelyidentical,watersvary.Thedifferencesresultfromweatherpatterns.Thechemicalcompositionofrainfallchangesslightlyasraidcloudsmove.Mosthydrogenandoxygenatomsinwaterarestablebuttracesofbothelementsarealsopresentasheavierisotopes(同位素TheheaviestraidfallsfirstAsaresult,stormsthatformoverthePacificdeliverheavierwatertoCaliforniathantoUtah.SimilarpatternsexistthroughouttheU.S.Bymeasuringtheproportionofheavierhydrogenandoxygenisotopesalongastrandofhair,scientistscanconstructageographictimeline.Eachinchofhaircorrespondstoabouttwomonths.Cerling’steamcollectedtapwatersamplesfrom600citiesandconstructedamopoftheregionaldifferences.Theycheckedtheaccuracyofthemapbytesting200hairsamplescollectedfrom65barbershops.Theywereabletoaccuraycethehairsamplesinbroadregionsroughlycorrespondingtothemovementofraidsystems.“It’snotgoodforpinpointing精确定位),”Cerlingsaid.“It’sgoodforeliminatingmanypossibilities.”ToddPark,alocaldetective,saidthemethodhashelpedhimlearnmoreaboutanunidentifiedwomanwhoseskeletonwasfoundnearGreatSaltLake.Thewomanwas5feettall.recovered26bones,aT-shirtandseveralstrandsofhair.WhenParkheardabouttheresearch,hegavethehairsamplestotheresearchers.Chemicaltestingshowedthatoverthetwoyearsbeforeherdeath,shemovedabouteverytwomonths.ShestayedintheNorthwest,althoughthetestcouldnotbemorespecificthansomewherebetweeneasternOregonandwesternWyoming.“It’sstillasubstantialarea,”Parksaid“ButitnarrowsitwaydownforWhatisthescientists’newOne’shairgrowthhastodowiththeamountofwaterthey ’shairmayrevealwheretheyhaveHairysis yidentifiescriminalThechemicalcompositionofhairvaries Whatdoestheauthormeanby“You’rewhatyoueatanddrink”(Line1,Foodanddrinkaffect alityFoodanddrinkpreferencesvarywithFoodanddrinkleavetracesinone’sbodyFoodanddrinkareindispensabletoone’sWhatissaidabouttherainfallinAmerica’sThereismuchmorerainfallinCaliforniathaninThewaterit eslighterwhenitmovesItschemicalcompositionislessstablethaninotherItgathersmorelightisotopesasitmovesWhatdidCerling’steamproduceintheirAmapshowingtheregionaldifferencesoftapAcollectionofhairsamplesfromvariousbarberAmethodtomeasuretheamountofwaterinhumanAchartillustratingthemovementoftherainWhatisthepracticalvalueofCerling’sIthelpsyzethequalityofwaterindifferentIthelpsthedeterminewhereacrimeisIthelpsthenarrowdownpossibilitiesindetectiveIthelpsidentifythedrinkinghabitsof underPartVCloze(15 customerforJapan’scar-makers.He’sayoung, inTokyoandhasplentyofdisposable67.HeusedtoownToyota’sHiluxSurf,asportutilityvehicle.Butnowheuses68subwaysandgrains.“It’snotinconvenientatall,”hesays69,“havingacarisso20thcentury.”Sudareflectsaworrisome70in

A) B) D)A) C)B) D)A) C)B) D)A) C)B) D)Alarmedbythisstateof79,theJapanAutoManufacturersAssociation(JAMA)80acomprehensivestudyofthemarketin2006.Itfoundthata81wealthgap,demographic人口结构的)changesand82lackofinterestincarsledJapanesetoholdtheir83longer,recetheircarswithsmallergiveupcarownershipaltogetherafurthersalesdeclineof1.2percentthisyear.Someexpertsbelievethatifthetrendcontinuesformuchlonger,further

A) C) D)A) C) D)A) C) D)A) C) D)A) C) D)A) C) D)A) C) D)A) C) D)(合并)intheautomotivesector art CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishthegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.Soonafterhetransferredtothenewschool,Alifoundthathehad 跟上班里的同学)inmathandEnglish.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier, (就不会被大雨淋湿了Itissaidthatthosewhoarestressedorworkingovertimeare (很多人所没有的)isthatSimonisaloverofsports.andfootballinparticular.Thestudyshowsthatthepoorfunctioningofthehumanbodyis PartIAdmissiontoMuseums（满分版）Nowadays,anincreasingnumberofmuseumsareadmission-tovisitorshomeandabroad.Thehiddenreasonbehindthisisnothardtoyzeasthere’sagrowingawarenessfortheregardingtheurgencyofpopularizationofculture,knowledgeandhistorywitheveryaverage inoursociety.Onlywithaccesstothislive‘database’,canmostpeoplefullyenjoywhatmuseumscouldoffertothem.However,admissiontomuseumsmightleadtosomesocialproblemsaswell.Themostobviousproblemisthatitmightgivemuseumsaveryheavyeconomicburdenwhichdirectlyimpedesthesustainabledevelopmentoftheseorganizations.Asaresult,ourernmenthastoworkoutotherwaystocollectfundsfromdifferentchannels,whichmightbedifficulttooperateorcontrol.Ontheotherhand,admissionattractstoomanyvisitors,someofwhichmightnotbewell-purposedanddosomeconsciousorunconsciousdamagetothevaluabletreasureswhichusedtobewell-pinthe