2021-2022学年上海市黄浦区敬业中学高三（下）期中英语试卷

第1页（共1页）2021-2022学年上海市黄浦区敬业中学高三（下）期中英语试卷I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections：InSectionA，youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation，aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandaquestionaboutit，readthe2019fourpossibleanswersonyourpaper，anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．Decidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Learningtodrive.B.Buyingtheinsurance.C.Buyingacar.D.Takingaplane.2．Decidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Atanairport.B.Atapolicestation.C.Atatravelagency.D.Atahotel.3．Decidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Customerandshopassistant.B.Trainerandtrainee.C.Customerandtravelagent.D.Guideandtourist.4．Decidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Cantonesefood.B.Shanghaifood.C.Hunanfood.D.Noneoftheabove.5．Decidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.7days.B.1year.C.Anytime.D.Twoyears.6．Decidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Shewillsellittobuyabookstore.B.Sheischangingitintoabookstore.C.Shewillrentittoabookstoreowner.D.Sheisstillhesitatingaboutit.7．Decidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Becauseofthecoolair﹣conditioner.B.Becauseofthedressingcode.（着装要求）C.Becauseofhispoliteness.D.Becauseoftheweatherforecast.8．Decidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Shelostherpurse.B.Sheforgottobringmoney.C.Shefailedtoattendtheconcert.D.Shewasunabletogetthestudentdiscount.9．Decidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Hewassorryforthewoman'sabsence.B.Hewashappyaboutthewoman'sabsence，C.Hesuggestedthewomanbringherdaughter.D.Hesuggestedthewomanvisittheuniversity.10．Decidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Taylorisunlikelytochangehisbehavior.B.ShethinksTaylorhasturnedoveranewleaf.C.Tailorischangingatsuchaspeedasaleopard's.D.SheissurprisedbutsatisfiedwithTaylor'schange.SectionBDirections：InSectionB，youwillheartwoshortpassagesandoneconversation.Youwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassagesandfourquestionsfortheconversation.Thepassagesandconversationwillbereadtwice，butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.11．Decidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.（1）Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Theyareremarkablyintelligentbirds.B.Theycanpleaseaprincessbysendingroses.C.Theyhaveasenseofenvironmentalprotection.D.Theyhavebeentrainedtoberubbishcollectors.（2）Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.NicolasdeVilliersistheinitiatorofthecrowrubbishpickingcampaign.B.Theideaofcrowgarbagecollectingisrewardingthecrowsfortheirefforts.C.Thepurposeofthecrowgarbagecollectorsisjusttocleantheenvironment.D.Theexperimentofcrowgarbagecollectingisquitedifferentfromthatofcrowintelligence.（3）Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingistrue？A.Innovativecleanersoftheenvironment.B.Closesupervisorsofthethemepark.C.Birdexhibitstopleasepark﹣goers.D.Magicalbirdstotrainpeople.12．Decidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.（1）Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Competitiveandflexiblepersonalitiesdecidetheirachievement.B.Theirsensitivitytothesurroundingsleadstotheirsuccess.C.Theysharetheidealisticpersonalitiesandpursueperfection.D.MarkZuckerbergandBillGatesaremiddlechildren.（2）Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Scientists.B.Classicalmusicplayers.C.Artists.D.Chiefexecutiveofficials.（3）Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Birthorderaffectspersonality.B.Birthorderinfluencecareerpaths.C.Howpeopleachievetheirsuccess.D.Familysizeplaysapart.13．Decidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.（1）Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Becauseoftheirdurability.B.Becausetheyaresymbolsofstatus.C.Becauseofthetrendinfashion.D.Becausetheylookquiteappealing.（2）Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Themanwasthecreatorofjeans.B.Themanappliedforapatentforjeans.C.Itledtothepopularityofjeans.D.Itledtoafloodoffakeproducts.（3）WhydidthemanmentionLevi's？A.Theyaredurableandwasheasily.B.Theyappearonsexandviolenceads.C.Theywinthefavorofmanywomenliberalists.D.Theyareinfluencedbycowboystyleandrebelliousspirit.（4）Whatwasthesecondreasonforthepopularityofjeans？A.Theadvantagesofjeans.B.ThecultureofwesternAmerica.C.Thehistoryofjeans.D.Thechangeofjeans.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Whattosaytoarudeperson14．AsLordWinstontookatrainfromLondontoManchester，hefoundhimselfbecomingsteadilyannoyed.Awomanhadpickedupherphoneandbeganaloudconversation，（1）wouldlastanunbelievablehour.Angry，Winstonbegantotakeherpictureandsentittohismorethan40，000followersontweeter.（2）thetrainarrivedatitsdestination，Winstongotoffandleftquickly.Butthepresswerewaitingforthewoman.WhenshowedtheLord'smessages，sheusedonewordtodescribeWinston'sactions：rude.Winston'staleissomethingofamicrocosmofourage（我们这个时代缩影）ofincreasingrudeness，（3）（fuel）bysocialmedia（and，oftenpolitics）.（在社交媒体（和经常还有政治）推动下越来越粗鲁）Whatcanwedotofixthis？Studieshaveshownthatrudenessspreadsquickly.Justwitnessingrudenessmakesitfarmorelikely（4）we，inturn，willberudelateron.Onceinfected，wearemoreaggressive，（5）（creative）andworseatourjobs.Theonlywaytoendaconflictistocallitout，facetoface.Wemustsay，"Juststop."ForWinston，thatwouldhavemeant（6）（approach）thewoman，tellingherthatherconversationwasfrustratingotherpassengersandpolitelyaskinghertospeakmorequietlyormakeacallatanothertime.（改天）Therageandinjusticewefeelattherudebehaviorofastrangercandriveus（7）（do）oddthings.Theactsofrevengepeoplehadtaken（8）（range）fromtheridiculoustothedisturbing.Butwecandoitwithgrace，byhandlingitwithoutatraceofaggressionandwithoutbeingrude（9）.Becauseoncerudepeoplecanseetheiractions（10）theeyesofothers，theyarefarmorelikelytoendthatconflictthemselves.（一旦粗鲁的人能通过他人的眼睛看到自己的行为，他们就极有可能自己结束冲突。）Asthistideofrudenessrises，civilizationneedscivility.（礼貌）SectionBDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.need.15．A.acceptingB.apparentC.deafeningD.desireE.ironicallyF.occasionallyG.presenceH.recaptureI.releaseJ.remainK.stillnessTheQuietestPlaceonEarthMyqueststartedwhenIwasintheNewYorksubway.Mychildrenwerecrying，fourtrainscamescreamingintothestationatonceandIputmyhandsovermyears﹣thenoisewas（1）.Incities，theever﹣present（始终存在的；无时无刻不在的）dullbackgroundroarofplanes，cars，machineryandvoicesisafactoflife.Inanattemptto（2）somepeace，IdecidedtogoonamissiontofindthequietestplaceonEarth；todiscoverwhetherabsolutesilenceexists.TheplaceIwasmostexcitedaboutvisitingwastheanechoicchamber（吸波暗室）atOrfieldLaboratoriesinMinnesota.Itisthequietestplaceonearth﹣99.9percentsound﹣absorbent.But（3），farfrombeingpeaceful，mostpeoplefinditsperfectquietupsetting.The（4）ofsoundmeansthingsareworking；it'sbusinessasusual﹣whensoundisabsent，thatsignalsbreakdown.Ibookeda45﹣minutesession﹣noonehadmanagedto（5）inforthatlongbefore.（在这之前没有人能待这么长时间）Whentheheavydoorshutbehindme，Iwasplungedintodarkness（lightscanmakeanoise）.Forthefirstfewseconds，beinginsuchaquietplacefeltlikeparadise.Itriedtohearsomethingandheard…nothing.Then，afteraminuteortwo，Ibecameawareofthesoundofmybreathing，soIheldmybreath.Myheartbeatbecame（6）﹣nothingIcoulddoaboutthat.ThenIstoppedthinkingaboutwhatbodilyfunctionsIcouldhearandbegantoenjoyit.Ididn'tfeelafraidandcameoutonlybecausemytimewasup.EveryonewasimpressedthatI'dbeatentherecord，buthavingspentsolongsearchingforquiet，Iwascomfortablewiththefeelingofabsolute（7）.AfterwardsIfeltwonderfullyrestedandcalm.My（8）forsilencechangedmylife.Ifoundthatmakingspaceformomentsofquietinmydayisthekeytohappiness﹣theygiveyouachancetothinkaboutwhatyouwantinlife.Ifyoucan（9）becomemasterofyourownsoundenvironment﹣fromturningofftheTVtomovingtothecountry，asIdid﹣youbecomealotmore（10）ofthenoisesofeverydaylife.（你就会更能接受日常生活的噪音）III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.16．Let'ssayyourcompanyhasbeenmakingathleticshoesfor50or60years.Theyaregoodshoes.（1），othercompanieshavespedpastyouintheraceforfameandtheprofitthatgoeswithit.Productswiththelogosoftheothercompaniesarestatussymbols.Productswithyourlogomakepeoplethinkofbasketballstarsfromthe1970s.Toturnthingsaroundyou，youhavetochangeyourproduct's（2）imageintosomethingnew，andmakesureconsumersgetthemessage.Theymustmatchyourproductwithsomelargerideathathasnothingtodowithshoes﹣beauty，prosperity，orevenworldpeace.（3），youhavetobuildabrand.Thetermbrand（烙记）comesfromthepracticeofusingahotirontoburnamarkintotheskinofacoworahorse.Thisbrandhelpstheowner（4）hisorheranimalsfromothers.Thebrandisakindoflabel，adeviceforcreatingrecognition.Brandingonproductsisalsoallaboutrecognition.PeopleequatethenameRollsRoyce，（5），withclassicluxury.Therecognitionvalueofthisbrandis（6）.Itevenregisterswithpeoplewhohaveneverseenoneofthecompany'scars.WhentheGermancompanyBMWboughttheRollscompanyin1998，theywerecarefultochange（7）.TheyevencontinuedtobuildcarsinGreenwood，England，becauseRollsRoyceisthoughtofas（8）.Amongsomestrongbrands，thelinebetweenpromotionalandpersonalimageis（9）.Somecustomersmayadoptabrand'simageastheirownimages.TheadsforNikeshoesshowno﹣nonsenseathletes.Acustomermight（10）Nikeshoesbecausesheconsidersherselfano﹣nonsenseathlete﹣andshewantsotherstothinkso，too.BikersubcultureintheUnitedStatesowesagreatdealtothebranding（11）oftheHarley﹣Davidsonmotorcyclecompany（哈雷摩托车公司品牌成功）.Harleyhasmanagedtoturnitsmotorcyclesintosymbolsofoppositiontomainstreamculturalvalues.Inaradiointerview，Harley﹣Davidson'sCEO，JimZiemer，pointsoutonewayhisbrand﹣anditsblack﹣and﹣orangelogo﹣hasbecomevery（12）.（个性化）Interviewer：Whenbusinessschoolstudentsstudy（13），oneofthenamesthat'salwaysatthetopofthatlistisHarleyDavidson.Inyourmind，whatisitthatmakesabrand？Ziemer：Abrandismadewhenapersonreallyfeelsa（14）withthatbrand.Imean，we'vetakenittotheultimate（我们已经做到了极致），wherealotofourcustomershaveaHarley﹣Davidsontattoo（文身）ontheirbodysotheyreallyfeelveryspecialandlinkedwiththebrand.The（15）ofbranding，thehotirons，seemsnotsofaraway.（烙记/印的起源，也就是烙铁，似乎并不遥远）（1）A.AdditionallyB.NeverthelessC.ConsequentlyD.Meanwhile（2）A.well﹣receivedB.old﹣fashionedC.moderateD.revolutionary（3）A.InotherwordsB.OnthecontraryC.BycomparisonD.Asusual（4）A.distinguishB.protectC.acquireD.release（5）A.inresponseB.asusualC.onaverageD.forexample（6）A.abstractB.restrictedC.mysteriousD.enormous（7）A.everythingB.somethingC.nothingD.anything（8）A.recognizableB.luxuriousC.BritishD.valuable（9）A.unclearB.visibleC.unusualD.deep（10）A.dislikeB.buyC.produceD.ignore（11）A.industryB.knowledgeC.successD.agent（12）A.standardB.officialC.misleadingD.personal（13）A.managementB.brandingC.uniquenessD.interaction（14）A.conflictB.combinationC.comparisonD.connection（15）A.originB.significanceC.developmentD.exampleSectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.EveryquestionsareprovidedwithfourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.17．"Themangoesnearlykilledus，"toughsaidJulieMcKenziewithasmileandacelebratorysundownerdrinkinherhand，pleasantrecallingthebackbreaking10﹣hourshiftsharvestingtropicalfruitinnorthernAustralia.Forthepastfewweeks，the60﹣year﹣oldgrandmotherhasbeenworkingalongsideher64﹣year﹣oldhusband，IanMcKenzie，pickinggrapesintheheatofsummerintheNewSouthWalesHunterValley.ThecouplefromtheportcityofNewcastle，northofSydney，aregreynomads（游牧民；不断更换工作的人），agrowingcohort（一群人）ofolderAustralianswhohaveswapped（交换）thecomfortandfamiliarityofthesuburbsforalifeontheroadfollowingthefruit﹣pickingtrail.TheexactnumbersofgreynomadscrisscrossingAustralia（贯穿澳大利亚）areunknown，butacademicshaveestimatedtherearetensofthousandsconstantlyonthemove，andaroundaquarterofthosehavesoldtheirhomes.Forsome，tripsawaycanlastforafewmonths，whileotherstravelindefinitely.Unlikeitinerantsnowbirds（流动的候鸟族）inNorthAmerica，whotravelsouthinrecreationalvehiclestoescapethewinter，Australia'swanderingretireesdoityear﹣round."Itisquiteaphenomenon，"saidTimHarcourt，aneconomistattheUniversityofNewSouthWalesBusinessSchool."Retiredpeopledon'twanttostopworking.Theywanttocombineabitoffruitpicking，abitofleisureandabitoftravelingintheirretirement.Thereisactuallyashortageofpeopleneededforfruitpicking，sohavingtheseexperiencedworkersisareallygoodthing，"hesaid.Inothercornersoftheworld，includingSpainandSweden，thefruitpickingindustryisbeset（v.困扰/adj.充满的）bypoorconditionsandmeager（少的；不足的）wages，andofteninvolvesunskilledmigrantsorillegalimmigrants.Retireesjointhefruitpickingtrailfordifferentreasons.Somedoitforachangeoflifestyle；somedoittoescapeboredom.FortheMcKenzies，ahealthscarefollowedbybrainsurgeryprompted（促使）64﹣year﹣oldIanMcKenzietowalkawayfromthepressuresofhisoldlifeworkinginlogisticsinsearchofsomethingmorepeaceful."Afteraboutfourmonths（ontheroad）allthestressseemedtodropaway…andwerealizedthatwewerefreeandwecoulddowhatwewantedto，"heexplained."We'lldoanythingandhavedoneanything."（1）HowdotheMcKenziesfeelabouttheirlifenow？A.Toughandunbearable.B.Happyandhasty.C.Adventurousandrelaxed.D.Toughbutpleasant.（2）WhatisthemajordifferencebetweengreynomadsinAustraliaandsnowbirdsinNorthAmerica？A.Snowbirdstravelinrecreationalvehiclesbutgreynomadstravelinvans.B.Greynomadssoldtheirhousesbutthesnowbirdskeeptheirproperty.C.Snowbirdstravelinwintersbutgreynomadsarealwaysonthemove.D.Greynomadsworkalotwhilesnowbirdstravelforrecreationalpurpose.（3）Comparedwithyoungerlabor，greynomadshaveadvantagesin.A.providingexperiencedserviceB.enjoyingtheirworkwithoutcomplainingC.doingeverythinglegallyD.stayingonthefarmforaverylongtime（4）WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonfortheretireestochoosealifeofnomads？A.Tochangetheirlifestyle.B.Toavoidboredom.C.Tomaintaintheirhealth.D.Tomakeafortune.18．▲Allerton，Liverpool£590，000Alarge﹣arealawnwouldlookathomeonatraditionalred﹣brickcampus.SixmilessouthoftheUniversityofLiverpoolandthe"knowledgequarter"，itispartofAllertonPriory，designedandbuiltbyVictoriangothicarchitectAlfredWaterhouseintheearly1800sforalocalmerchantandnowseparatedintoapartments.There'sathree﹣bedroomduplex（复式）onthelowergroundandgroundfloor.Thelivingroomhasfloor﹣to﹣ceilingwindowsandviewsofthegrounds，andthere'saprivategateforresidentsleadingtoAllertonManorsportscarclub.Fine&Country，0151﹣947﹣0810▲Halton，Lancashire£285，000Thisenvironmentally﹣friendlyhomeisintheeco﹣settlementofForgebankinthevillageofHaltonontheoutskirtsofLancaster.Itmaysuitthebuyers—withconscienceandcash—whohavechosentosettleclosetothecitytheystudiedin.ThecomplexsitsonthebanksoftheRiverLuneandnexttotheForestofBowland.Atwo﹣bedroomhomecovers1，050sqftwithabalcony.Thefunkyyellowkitchencabinetryisbylocalcarpenters.TheModernHouse，0203﹣795﹣5920▲Eddington，Cambridge£689，950ThelocalgovernmentofCambridgeisdevelopinganewsustainableresidentialdistricttwomilesnorthofthecitycentrewith3，000homes，2，000postgraduateroomsfortheUniversityofCambridge，sportsfacilities，amarketsquareandparklot.OneofthenewestphasesisKnightsPark.There'satwo﹣bedroom，two﹣bathroomluxuryflatonthefourthflooroftheFloreybuildingwithnostampdutytopay.Hill，01223﹣607﹣200▲Citycentre，Bristol£565，000Thistwo﹣bedroom，first﹣floorapartmentisinapastel﹣coloured，periodtownhouse（老式联排别墅指ancientness）onthewaterfrontintheheartofBristol'snightlife，（夜生活中心指modernity）withaparkingspace，aliftandviewsoftheFloatingHarbourandtheArnolfiniartscentre.Beyondisthetree﹣linedGeorgiangardensofQueenSquareintheoldtown.TheUniversityofBristolisa30﹣minutewalkaway.KnightFrank，0117﹣317﹣1996（1）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthehouseinAllerton？A.Itenjoysanopenandbroadviewofnearbygrounds.B.ItislocatedonthecampusoftheUniversityofLiverpool.C.IthousestheAllertonManorsportscarclubonthesecondfloor.D.Itwasdesignedintheearly18thcenturybyalocalmerchant.（2）Whichhouseadvertisedboastsacombinationofmodernityandancientness？A.Allerton，LiverpoolB.Halton，LancashireC.Eddington，CambridgeD.Citycentre，Bristol（3）AlexandSusan，anewlymarriedcouplewholovesportsandownacar，arelookingforatwo﹣bedroomhouseproperty.Theymaycontacttoaskformoreinformation.A.Fine&CountryB.TheModernHouseC.HillD.KnightFrank19．Whatwouldtheworldbeiftherewerenohunger？It'saquestionthatthelate（已故的）ecologistDonellaMeadowswouldaskherstudentsatDartmouthCollegebackinthe1970s.Shesetouttocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingbigglobalchallenges.Systemsthinkingiscrucialtoachievingtargetssuchaszerohungerandbetternutrition.Accordingtosystemsthinking，changingthefoodsystem—oranyothernetwork—requiresthreethingstohappen.First，researchersneedtoidentifyalltheplayersinthatsystem；second，theymustworkouthowtheyrelatetoeachother；andthird，theyneedtounderstandandquantifytheimpactofthoserelationshipsoneachotherandonthoseoutsidethesystem.Takenutritionforexample.TheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganizationtracked150biochemicalsinfoodandvariousdatabases，whichrevealedtherelationshipsbetweencalories，sugar，fat，vitaminsandtheoccurrenceofcommondiseases.Butusingmachinelearningandartificialintelligence，networkscientistsproposethathumandietsconsistofatleast26，000biochemicalsandthatthevastmajorityarenotknown.Thisshowsthatwehavesomewaytotravelbeforeachievingthefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinking—which，inthisexample，istoidentifymoreconstituentpartsofthenutritionsystem.Asystemsapproachtocreatingchangeisalsobuiltontheassumptionthateveryoneinthesystemhasequalpowerandstatus.Butthefoodsystemisnotanequalone.TherehavebeencallsforaWorldFoodandNutritionOrganization，sothatlegallybindingpoliciescanbeappliedtoallitsmembers.AnotherwaytoaddresspowerimbalancesisformoreuniversitiestodowhatMeadowsdidandteachstudentshowtothinkusingasystemsapproach.Ateamofresearchershasdonejustthat，throughtheInterdisciplinaryFoodSystemsTeachingandLearningprogram.Studentsfromdisciplinesincludingagriculture，ecologyandeconomicslearntogetherbydrawingontheircollectiveexpertiseinaddressingreal﹣worldproblems，suchashowtoreducefoodwaste.Sinceitslaunchin2015，theprogramhastrainedmorethan1，500studentsfrom45universitydepartments.Moreresearchers，policymakersandrepresentativesfromthefoodindustrymustlearntolookbeyondtheirdirectlinesofresponsibilityandembraceasystemsapproach，astheeditorsofNatureFoodadvocateintheirlauncheditorial.Meadowsknewthatvisionsalonedon'tproduceresults，butconcludedthat"we'llneverproduceresultsthatwecan'tenvision".（仅仅视野不能产生结果，但是我们永远不会产生我们无法想象的结果）（1）Thepassageismainlyabout.A.howtoconductresearchefficientlyB.howtobuildaworldfoodorganizationC.anapproachtosolvingreal﹣worldproblemD.anapproachtoapplyingscientificfindings（2）Accordingtoparagraph3，thestudyconductedbynetworkscientistsrevealedthat.A.artificialintelligenceismoreusefulthantraditionalmethodsB.achievingsystemsthinkingrequiresidentifyingmorecomponentsC.weareunabletogainthoroughunderstandingofournutritioussystemD.somebiochemicalsarerelatedwiththeoccurrenceofcommondiseases（3）Accordingtothepassage，whatdoweknowabouttheInterdisciplinary（各个学科之间）FoodSystemsTeachingandLearningprogram？A.Itistheonlywayofsolvingimbalanceinourfoodsystem.B.Itaimstourgethegovernmentstocarryoutitsfoodpolicies.C.Itseekstosolvetheoreticalissuesaboutfoodandnutrition.D.Ithascultivatedmanyinterdisciplinarytalentssinceitslaunch.（4）Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph？A.Noresultscanbeachievedifnobodyiswillingtotakeresponsibility.B.Visionisthefirstnecessarysteptowardssolvingglobalchallenges.C.Visionisnotasimportantasunderstandingthenatureofproblems.D.Systemsthinkingisunrealistic，soconcreteactionshouldbetaken.SectionCDirections：Readthefollowingpassageandfillineachblankwiththesentencethatbestfitsthecontext.Eachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.20．A.Hesaysthatthesecretofsuccessissimplymanyhoursofhardwork.B.Butsurelythereareexceptionstothisrule？C.Nevertheless，researchersdofindsomeexceptions.D.Mozartwrotehisfirstrealmasterpiecewhenhewastwenty﹣one.E.Apparently，everyextrafriendthatyouhaveatschooladdstwopercenttoyoursalarylaterinlife!F.Talentdidn'tseemtoworkaswellasgenerallythought.ReachingthetopManysocialscientistshavestudiedthephenomenonofsuccess.OneAmericanstudyclaimsthatyoursocialnetworkisthekeytosuccess.（1）Perhapsthisboostsyourself﹣confidenceorperhapsyouhavemorepeopletosupportyou.Anotherstudylinksheightandsuccess：everyextracentimeterisworthanother﹩300peryear.Thetroubleisthatforeverypersontowhomthesetheoriesapply，thereisanexception.However，inhisbookOutliers﹣TheStoryofSuccess，author，MalcolmGladwell，hascomeupwithatheorythatheclaimsistrueineverycase.（2）Hehascalculatedexactlyhowmanyhoursworkyouneedtodoinordertobecome'thebest'inyourfield：10，000hoursapparentlyoraboutfourhoursadayfortenyears.Withoutthiskindofdeterminationandhardworkyouprobablywon'treachthetop，regardlessofyourtalent.Researcherslookedatviolinplayersinamusicschooltotestthistheory.Teachersputtheplayersintothreegroups：averageplayersingroupC，goodplayersingroupBandoutstandingplayersingroupA.ItturnedoutthatalltheplayersingroupAhaddonearound10，000hoursofpracticeintheirlifetime.Thegoodplayershaddonearound6，000hoursandtheaverageplayersonly4，000hours.However，alltheplayershadenteredtheschoolwithsimilarlevelsofability.（3）Mozart，forexample，isalwaysconsidereda'borngenius'.Heperformedinpublicattheageoffourandbysix，hehadcomposedseveralpieces.Surelyhissuccesswasdowntonaturaltalent，nothardwork？Infact，Gladwellargues，Mozarthadaverystrictfatherwhomadehimpracticeforhourseachdayfromanearlyage.AndthemusicthatMozartcomposedwhenhewassixwasn'toutstanding.（4）Bythattime，he'ddoneatleast10，000hoursofpracticeandhad'become'agenius.Talent，arguesGladwell，isnothingwithouthardwork.SonexttimeyoudreamofscoringthewinninggoalintheWorldCuporwinninganOscar，askyourselfthisquestion：areyoureallypreparedtoputinthehoursnecessarytoachieveyourgoal？IV.SummaryWriting21．Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinNOMORETHAN60WORDS.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ThelostartoflisteningDoyouthinkyou'reagoodlistener？Chancesarethatyoudo.Butstudiesshowthatmostpeopleseriouslyoverestimatetheirabilitytolisten.Thetruthiswearegenerallynotgoodatlistening，andourlisteningcomprehensiondeclinesasweage.ThiswasprovenbyDr.RalphNichols，whoconductedasimpleexperimenttoteststudents'listeningskills.HehadsomeMinnesotateachersstopwhattheyweredoingmid﹣class，andthenaskedstudentstodescribewhattheirteachershadbeentalkingabout.Whileolderkidswithmoredevelopedbrains，areusuallyassumedtobebetterlisteners，theresults，however，showedotherwise：While90percentoffirst﹣andsecond﹣gradersgavecorrectresponses，thispercentagedroppedrapidlyasthestudentsgotolder.Onereasonforourpoorlisteningconcernsthespeedatwhichwethink.Theadultbraincanprocessuptoaround400wordsperminute，morethanthreetimesfasterthanthespeedanaveragepersonspeaks.Thismea