2020-2021学年上海市宝山区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模）

第1页（共1页）2020-2021学年上海市宝山区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections：InSectionA，youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation，aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper，anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．（1分）A.Bargainingwithasalesgirl.B.Shoppingwithhisgirl.C.Promotinganewproduct.D.Choosinganovelforhischild.2．（1分）A.Itsfacilities.B.Itslocation.C.Itscomfort.D.Itsprice.3．（1分）A.Fashionablepantsinbrightcolors.B.Somethingtomatchherbrownpants.C.Greypantsmadefrompurecotton.D.100%cottonpantsindarkblue.4．（1分）A.Listeningtosomeloudmusic.B.Practicingforaspeechcontest.C.Preparingforanoralexamination.D.Talkingloudlyonthetelephone.5．（1分）A.Themanneedn'tgohoppingeveryweek.B.Shecanpickthemanupatthegrocerystore.C.Shewilldrivethemantothesupermarket.D.Themanshouldbuyacarofhisown.6．（1分）A.Theteacherisjustfollowingtheregulations.B.Thewomanshouldhavegoneonthefieldtrip.C.Hehasgonethroughasimilarexperience.D.Heunderstandsthewoman'sfeelings.7．（1分）A.Havesomeonerepairtherefrigerator.B.Switchofftherefrigeratorforawhile.C.Askthemantofixtherefrigerator.D.Buyarefrigeratorofbetterquality.8．（1分）A.Shestayedawayfromworkforafewdays.B.Sheisblackandblueallover.C.Shegothurtinanaccidentyesterday.D.Shehastogotoseeadoctor.9．（1分）A.Herbrothercanhelpthemanfindacheaperhotel.B.Themancanstayinherbrother'sapartment.C.Themanshouldhavebookedalessexpensivehotel.D.Herbrothercanfindanapartmentfortheman.10．（1分）A.Sheiscurrentlycaughtinatrafficjam.B.Shewantstotakethemostdirectway.C.Shemaybelateforthefootballgame.D.Sheisworriedaboutmissingherflight.SectionBDirections：InSectionB，youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation，andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice，butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.11．（4.5分）（1）A.Themukbangerwasalittlefunny.B.Itwasatruecrimestory.C.Thegirlinthestorycouldn'tage.D.Theauthorwascuriousaboutit.（2）A.Eatingwithlotsofpeopleiscommon.B.Thereissomethingsocialandcomforting.C.It'sawaytohavesomeonetochatwith.D.Connectingwithotherswhenthey'reout.（3）A.Thewaypeopleeatfoodisn'thealthygenerally.B.Theaudience'sstomachscan'tagreewiththefood.C.Mukbangcan'thelpsettleseriouseatingproblems.D.Peoplecouldbeencouragedtoeataloneathome.12．（4.5分）（1）A.Youhelpedotherscuthair.B.Youhadyourhaircut.C.Someoneelsedidthecutting.D.Youcutyourhairyourself.（2）A.Putoffthelight.B.Closethelight.C.Turnoffthelight.D.Gooffthelight.（3）A.LearningEnglishcanbetricky.B.PhrasesareconfusingforEnglishlearners.C.Themeaningof"havemyhaircut".D.Themeaningof"turnoffthelights".13．（6分）（1）A.WhatthemanplanstogiveJudy.B.Howhardtobuybirthdaygifts.C.Whentochoosethebirthdaygifts.D.Wheretobuybirthdaygifts.（2）A.Say"Icareforyou"toJudy.B.Justgiveher＄100.C.Giveheragiftcard.D.TrytobuyarealgiftJudylikes.（4）A.＄100.B.Arealgift.C.Agiftcard.D.Perfume.（4）A.Thewomanisashopassistant.B.Judyistheman'sgirlfriend.C.ThemanwillgiveJudy＄100.D.Thetwospeakersagreewitheachother.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelowfillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.14．（10分）SOSmessageonthesandsavesmissingsailorsMicronesiaisanareaofthewesternPacificOceanwithmorethan600islands，（1）coversahugeareaofoceannorthofthelargeislandofNewGuinea.Recently，threeMicronesiansailorssetouttosail42kmfromoneMicronesianislandtoanother.Unfortunately，theygot（2）（lose），andthentheyranoutoffuel.Afteralongtimedriftingwithoutpowerintheocean，theylandedonthetinyislandofPikelot，morethan100kmfromtheirdestination.Pikelotisjust450meterslongand280meterswide.ThehighestpointonPikelotisonlyfourmetersabovethesea.Nopeoplelivethere，andthereisnowater.Thelittleisland（3）（cover）intreesandhassandybeaches.Threedaysafterthethreesailorssetoutontheirvoyage，theydidnotarriveattheirdestination，soshipsandaircraftintheareabeganlookingforthe（4）（miss）men.Butitwasalmostimpossibletodecidewhere（5）（look）becausetherearesomanysmallislandsandtheoceanissolarge.OneoftheshipswastheAustraliannavyshipHMASCanberra，which（6）（sail）fromAustraliatoHawaiiandhadahelicopteronboard.Duringthistime，thethreesailorsdecidedtowrite（7）messageonthebeachontheirtinyisland.TheywroteahugeSOSinthesand.SOSisaninternationalsignalthatpeopleuse（8）theyneedhelp.Luckily，peopleonanAmericanaircraftsawtheSOSmessageinthesandandcontactedtheCanberra.Ahelicopter（9）theshiplandedonthebeachandgavethemenfoodandwater.Soonafter，aMicronesianboatarrivedandrescuedthethreesailors.Theyareveryluckytobealive，anditwastheSOSmessageinthesand（10）savedthem.SectionBDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.15．（10分）A.qualitiesB.benefitsC.networkD.completelyE.disappointedF.improvingG.motivateH.requiredI.effectivelyJ.essentialK.surveyedDon'tabandonthewrittenWordWaybackin2012，KyleWiens.CEOofIFIXwroteinablogpostforHarvardBusinessReviewthathewouldn'thireanyonewhousedpoorgrammar.Infact，he（1）allapplicantstotakeagrammartestbeforemovingforward.AccordingtoWiens，he'sfoundthatpeoplewhomakefewermistakesonagrammartestalsomakefewermistakeswhentheyaredoingsomething（2）unrelatedtowriting﹣likestockingshelvesorlabelingparts.What'smore，hebelievesthatgrammarskillsindicateseveralothervaluable（3），includinglearningability，professionalcredibility（信用）andattentiontodetail.AnotherCEOnamedBradHoovernotedthatgoodgrammarisapredictorofprofessionalsuccess.Honestlyaskyourselfwhetheryou'dhiresomeonewithapoorlywrittenresume.Willthispersonbeabletodeliveronyourbusinessplan？How（4）willtheybeabletocommunicateyourgoalsandexpectations？Howlikelyisitthattheywillbeabletosuccessfully（5）withothersandbuildyourbrand？Inshort，ifyouwanttosucceed﹣asabossoranemployee﹣goodgrammaris（6）."Greatleaderscanunderstandhowtouseitwellincontext，"wroteKevinDauminanIarticle.Asaleader，youmustbeabletomanage，organize，（7）andsupportyourteam.Strongcommunicationskillbothwrittenandverbal，allowyoutoaccomplishthat.Ifyousentanemployeepoorlywritteninstructions，howprobableisitthatyou'llbothbe（8）intheoutcomeandeachother？Writing，specificallybyhandhasnumerous（9）foryourhealthandwell﹣being.Researchershavealsofoundthathandwriting，inparticulartheformingofletters，isthekeytonotonly（10）yourmemorybutalsoformingnewideasandlearning.Infact，ifyouwanttoslowdownmentalaging，writingbyhandisyourbestbetbecauseitforcesyoutousemoreofyourmotorskills.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.16．（15分）AstudyfromSwitzerland'sUniversitédeGenève（UNIGE）lookedtoanswerthequestionofwhichcamefirst：adecreaseinphysicalactivityorcognitive（认知的）decline？"Interrelationshipshavebeen（1）betweenthesetwofactors，particularlyintermsofmemorybutalsoregardingthegrowthandsurvivalofnewneurons（神经元）."saidBorisCheval，aresearcheratUNIGE'SSwissCentreforAffectiveSciences（CISA）inapressrelease."Butwehaveneveryet（2）testedwhichcomesfirst：Doesphysicalactivitypreventadeclineincognitiveskillsor（3）？That'swhatwewantedto（4）."Earlierstudieshaveconsideredthatphysicalactivity（5）cognitivedecline.ButaccordingtoCheval，recentstudiesmay（6）thatpastresearchhas"onlytoldhalfthestory…sincethoserecentstudiesdemonstratethatourbrainis（7）whenitcomestoengaginginphysicalactivity."ResearchersatUNIGEtestedthetwopossible（8）byusingdatafromtheSurveyofHealth，AgingandRetirementinEurope，asocioeconomicdatabasecoveringmorethan25countriesacrossthecontinent.Overthecourseof12years，105，206adults（9）inagefrom50togoweretestedeverytwoyearsontheircognitiveabilitiesandtheirphysicalactivity.Researchers（10）cognitiveabilitieswithaverbalfluencytestthatsawparticipantsnameasmanyanimalsastheycouldin60seconds.Theyalsotestedcognitiveabilitieswitha（11）testwheretheymemorized10wordsbeforerecitingthem.Physicalactivitywasmeasuredusingascalefrom1to4.A1indicatedparticipants"never"（12）physicalactivitywhilea4meanttheywerephysically（13）"morethanonceaweek".Thestudyfoundthatthe（14）ofwhatpaststudiesconcludedwastrue﹣cognitiveabilitiesmostlyinfluencephysicalactivity，nottheotherwayaround."Thisstudybacksupourtheorythatthebrainhastomakearealefforttogetoutofasittinglifestyleandthatby（15）cognitivecapabilities，physicalactivitywillfollow，"Chevalsaid.（1）A.neglectedB.preventedC.confusedD.established（2）A.formallyB.separatelyC.individuallyD.casually（3）A.attimesB.viceversaC.bychanceD.inpart（4）A.releaseB.admitC.confirmD.oppose（5）A.preventsB.encouragesC.influencesD.reduces（6）A.misleadB.contradictC.ignoreD.indicate（7）A.abandonedB.involvedC.entertainedD.processed（8）A.factorsB.elementsC.optionsD.subjects（9）A.rangingB.judgingC.expandingD.varying（10）A.balancedB.restrictedC.surveyedD.measured（11）A.observationB.reflectionC.memoryD.imitation（12）A.concernedaboutB.engagedinC.stoodforD.gaveup（13）A.motionlessB.casualC.activeD.passive（14）A.consequenceB.similarityC.differenceD.opposite（15）A.workingonB.reflectingoverC.crossingoutD.puttingoffSectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.17．（8分）"Runners，toyourmark，Getset…"Bang!AndIwasoff，alongwithabunchofotherteenagecross﹣countryrunnersfromhighschoolsacrossthecounty.Thedaywaslikeanyotherfair﹣weatherautumndayinMaryland.Buttheracethatdayfeltuniquefromtheget﹣go.Foronething，Ilikedthecourse.Itwasmyteam'shomecourse，oneIwasusedtorunningduringpractices.Ittookrunnersalonganareaoflandthatincludedopenfields，hillsandevenwindingdirtpathsthroughasmallforest.Itwasabeautiful5﹣kilometercourse.Thisparticularracewasourteam'sinvite，andIwasproudtobesharingthecoursewithcompetitorsfromotherschools.Italsomeantalot﹣morethannormalthatmyparentsweretheretocheermeon.Withsomuchtoexpectthatday，Iwasreadytorun!AndIdidn'twanttobestuckwiththepackofotherrunners，asistypicalatthebeginningofmostcross﹣countryraces.Sowhenthegunsounded，Itookoffrunning，leavingeveryoneelseinthedust.Thefirstpartofourcoursefollowedtheoutsideedgeofalargeopenfieldbeforedisappearingintotheforest.Withinsecondsofthestart，Iwasfaraheadofeveryone，andallofthefanscouldseeit.Itfeltmagnificent.Butthatfeelingdidn'tlastlong.LittledidIknowmycoachwaslaughingtohimself，thinking，"Gabeisdonefor!"AndIwas.Mybodywastellingmetoslowdown.Mypride，however，said"No!Notuntilyou'reoutofsightofthespectators!"Iwasinagony，butIkeptupmypaceuntilIreachedtheforest.Onceinamongthetrees.Islowedwaydown.Ienjoyedmostraces，evenwhilepushingmyself，butthisonewasnotenjoyableintheleast.Ifinishedtherace，butinnowherenearthetimeIcouldhaveifI'dpacedmyselfwellfromthebeginning.EverytimeIreflectonthatcross﹣countryseason，I'mremindedofsomething：Prideisnosubstituteforpace.（1）Whatisspecialtotheauthorabouttherace？A.Theweatherconditionwasgoodforrunners.B.Hewasfamiliarwiththehomecourse.C.Hetookprideincompetitorsfromotherschools.D.Hisparentscametosupporthimasusual.（2）Theunderlinedword"agony"（paragraph4）mostprobablymeans.A.sufferingB.comfortC.reliefD.contest（3）Whatresultoftheracecanbeconcludedabouttheauthorfromthepassage？A.Helefteveryonebehindandtookthefirstplace.B.Hetooktheleadfirstanddisappearedamongtrees.C.Hewontheraceunderthepressureofhiscoach.D.Hefinishedtheracebutfailedtoreachhisrecord.（4）What'stheauthor'sreflectionontherace？A.Itisparents'encouragementthatleadstotheresult.B.It'sapleasuretoliveuptoyourfans'expectations.C.It'simportanttopaceyourselfwithnopride.D.Itishiscoachwhoencourageshimtofinishtherace.18．（6分）Everlookatyourto﹣dolistandwanttorunandhide？Metoo.Butlifeismorethanworkinghardtofinishtasks，collapsingintobed，judgingthepast24hoursandoursuccessbyhowmuchwe'vemanagedtotickoff.Sohere'showtogetstuffdoneandenjoyyourselfatthesametime.1.RenameitMyfriendJimKwiksays，"Callyour'got﹣to﹣do'listyour'get﹣to﹣do'list."It'satinychangebutamajorshift.Thinkaboutit.Yougettowalkyourdog，choosewonderfuldinneringredientsandgotoajobeachdaythataffordsyouthelifeyouhave.2.AddsomeactionInsteadofwritingplainremindersdownasmemoryurges，like"Dentist"and"Report，"addsomeverbsandresult﹣basedbenefits，like"Bookdentistandgetteethsparklywhite!"or"Completereportandletoutyourbreath."Imaginethegoodfeelingattachedtoeachagendaitemandletitfuelyou.3.Trustthere'stimeHaveyouevernoticedwhenyou'reinarush，youmakemistakes？Likewhenyou'relateforwork：Youcan'tfindyourjeans，youhurtyourtoeonthebedbyaccidentandyoumisplaceyourphoneasyouheaddowntheelevator.Whenweoperatefromaplaceofcalm，stuffhappensfaster.Wefindwhatweneed.Wedon'tburnthetoast.Itcanbeassimpleassittingupinbed，takingtendeepbreathswhenyouwakeupandsettingasimpleintentionfortheday（notreachingstraightforInstagramandemail）.4.AskyourselfthisHowareyouspendingyourdays，yourlife？Areyouhavingenoughfun？Canyourgot﹣to﹣dolistbeaget﹣to﹣dolistwithsomegoodmoodsdancingonthepageandanairof"Igottime!"attachedtoit？Yes，itprobablycan.Now，what'sfirst？（1）Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragreewithabout"yourto﹣dolist"？A.Choosewonderfuldinneringredientsandgotoajobeachday.B.Change"Dentist"into"Bookdentistandgetteethsparklywhite!"C.Remindyourselfyouhaveplentyoftimetodealwithdailyroutines.D.Keepaskingyourselfquestionswiththeairof"Igottime!"（2）Itcanbeconcludedthatthekeytogettingstuffdoneandenjoyingyourselfatthesametimeis.A.astateofmindB.aget﹣to﹣dolistC.amemoryurgeD.aplaceofcalm（3）What'sthewritingpurposeofthispassage？A.Tofindoutwhattodofirsteveryday.B.Toimaginethegoodfeelingoftasks.C.Toexplaintheimportanceoflifestyle.D.Todiscoverhowtoenjoydailylife.19．（8分）Uponreflectionoftheidealsocialmoralcode，withinonesentence，itwouldbe：beconstructive，notdestructive.Though"beconstructive，notdestructive"soundssensible，therearemanynuances（slightdifferences）.Sometimesitisdifficulttodetermineifanactisexactlyconstructiveordestructive.Wecandecideifsomethingisconstructiveordestructivebasedondegree，forinstance.Sayyourpreschoolsonisactingupandbrokeaglassvase，evenafteryoutoldhimtostopgrabbingandplayingwithitseveraltimes.Yougetathoughtinyourmindtospankhimtogiveapunishmentforhisnaughtyaction.However，youstarttofeelconfusedaboutwhetherthiswouldbeconstructiveordestructive.Itmightshowhimthatnotlisteningtoyouandbreakingthingsisnotwelcome，butontheotherhand，spankinghimisanactofaggressionthatwillhurthimphysicallyandperhapsteachhimtouseforceinsituationslaterinlife.Thereisnoexactwrongorrightinthesemoments.However，throughyourownreasoning，youcandecidetowhatdegreeitwouldbebeneficialorharmfultohimandthesituationathand.Personally，Iwouldnotspankmyson，asIthinkitdoesmoredestructionthanconstruction.But，thatisjustme.Anothernuancetoconsideristhedefinitionwegivetoconstructionanddestruction.Forexample，forsomepeople，constructioncanneverinvolveviolence，whileforothers，itcouldevenbeanessentialpart.TaketheexampleofgoingbackintimeandkillingHitler.Killingsomeoneisdefinitelytermedadestructiveact.However，inlightofthecircumstances，IwouldassumethatthemajorityofpeoplewouldagreethatkillingHitlerattheheightofhispoweriftheyhadthechancewouldbeseenasaconstructive，thuspositiveact.Therefore，ourdefinitionsoftendetermineourvaluesandhowwebehaveuponthoseprinciples.Additionally，constructionanddestructioncanbefilteredthroughasociopoliticallens.Constructioncanbeseenasgoodtosome，andbadtoothers.Takeforinstancecreatingnewhomesinaforestedarea.Yes，homesforhumansaremade，butalsothehabitatforcountlessanimalsisbeingdestroyed，oratleastalteredtoanextreme.Construction，ifitistrue，itshouldbebeneficialtoallpartiesincluded.Thatisatallorder，though.Everystepwetakekillsbacteriaandothermicroorganisms﹣andperhapsplants，insects，andwhoknowswhatelse.Destructioncanbeseenasapartofeachmoment.Plus，whatamajoritymightregardasaconstructivemightbeseenasdestructivetoaminority.Isthereawaytodeterminewhichsideiscorrect？Itisalmostimpossible.Beinginthemajorityintermsofamoraloutlookdoesnotmeanitiscorrect，ormoreappropriate.Therehavebeenmanyinstancesinhistorywhenactswereregardedasconstructive，butwerelaterseenasdestructivewithamodernlens.ThoughIconsider"Beconstructive，notdestructive"themostsolidone﹣sentencesocialmoralcode，itisnotwithoutitsnuancesandproblems.Forinstance，thedegreetowhichweconsidersomethingconstructiveordestructive，definitionsofbeingconstructiveanddestructive，andconstructionanddestructionseenthroughasociopoliticallensareallnuances.Thesedifferencesconsistoftheconfusionthatthisidealsocialmoralcodecauses.However，Icannotimagineabettercodethantheonestatedinthisessayintermsoflivingone'slifeinasocialcontext.（1）Fromtheauthor'sviewwhethertopunishakid'swrongdoingornotdependsonwhatextent.A.itwouldbringhimbenefitsorharmsB.hewouldmodifyhisdestructivebehaviorC.hisactisconstructiveordestructiveD.hisdestructiveresultmightbringabout（2）TheauthormentionstheexampleofkillingHitlertoshowthat.A.killingsomeoneisdefinitelytermedadestructiveactB.themajorityofpeoplewouldagreetokillHitlerC.killingHitlerisseenasaconstructiveandpositiveactD.definitionsofsocialcodedecideourvaluesandprinciples（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence（paragraph4）imply？A.Constructionanddestructioncanadvancesocialdevelopments.B.Constructioncanbeseenasgoodtosome，andbadtoothers.C.Whatamajoritymightregardasaconstructivemightbeseenasdestructive.D.Beinginthemajorityintermsofamoraloutlookdoesnotmeanitiscorrect.（4）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage？A.WrongorRightofSocialMoralCodeB.JudgmentofConstructionorDestructionC.IdealSocialMoralCodeD.HowtoLiveOne'sLifeinaSocialContextSectionCDirections：Readthefollowingpassages.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.20．（8分）A.Last.fmallowsuserstolistentomusicforfree，aswellasbuytracks.B.ThewebsiteLast.fmisaconvenientandusefulresourceformusiclovers.C.Thereareplentyofwebsitesthatallowmusicloverstostayintouchwiththenewsrelatingtotheirhobby.D.IfyouwanttouseLast.fmforcommunication，youmightfindthattraditionalsocialnetworksaremoresuitableforthispurposeE.Thiswebsiteisofgreatbenefitformusicenthusiasts.F.Thistechnologyisconvenientanddefinitelyhelpfulformusiclovers.AUsefulToolforMusicLoversWiththedevelopmentandexpansionoftheInternet，manyhobbiesandinterestsofmodernpeoplehavegainedanewdimension.TheInternetallowsenthusiaststounitetosharetheirexcitementabouttrends，tocommunicateandshareexperiences.Specializedwebsitesprovideuserswithevenmoreinformationabouttheirsubjectsofinterestandhelpdiscovernewboundariesoftheirpassions.Thisreferstomovies，arts，modeling，programming，literature，andmusicaswell.Onecanhardlyfindapersonwhowouldnotbelisteningtomusiconthewaytowork，athome，orelsewhere.（1）OnesuchwebsiteisLast.fm：amixofasocialnetworkandanInternet﹣radiothattracksdownthemusicitsuserslistento.（2）Besides，ithasanumberofadvantagescomparedtoothersourcesprovidingsimilarservices.ThedesignofLast.fmgivesawelcomingimpression，thoughsomemightfindittoosimple.Thesiteisdisplayedinredtones，withthepossibilityofswitchingittoablackskinand，despitethequantityofinformation，iseasytounderstandandnavigate.Userscanalsodecoratetheirprofileswithpicturesofthemselves，allkindsofbadges，diagrams，tagclouds，andstatisticsrelatingtomusic.TheavailabilityofmultiplefunctionsalsospeaksinfavorofLast.fm.Oneofitssignificantadvantagesovermanyothermusicalwebsitesisthefunctionofscrobbling（歌曲记录），whichmeanstrackingdownthemusiconehadbeenlisteningto.（3）Withitsaid，Last.fmsearchesforpeoplewithsimilarmusicalpreferencesandshowsonealistofthosewhoseinterestsmatchtosomeextent.Thesepeoplearecalledneighborsandtheideaisthattheycangetfamiliarwiththefansoftheirfavoritekindofmusicand，mostlikely，makenewfriends.Theinformationaboutupcomingeventsnearby，aswellasrecommendationsgivenaboutnewmusicthatausermightlikearealsogatheredandintroducedbythemeansofscrobbling.Ifapersonlistenstooneortwobandsonaconsistentbasis，thewebsitewilldisplayafewnewartiststhatplayinasimilargenre，includingnewones，sothatausercanbeintouchwiththelatesttrendswithintheirmusicalinterests.（4）However，thereisaseriousdrawbackconnectedtoit.ThefactisthatthemajorityoffreetracksandalbumsareavailableonlytocitizensoftheUSA，Germany，andGreatBritain，whileinothercountries，userscanonlylistentoshortintroductorysamples.Andyetthoseluckyonesfromtheplacesmentionedbeforecanlistentoonetrackonlineuptofivetimesaday.Besides，thewebsitehadrecentlychangeditspolicytowardsmonetizationandreducedthenumberoffreeservices.Last.fmalsoworksasakindofmusicalWikipedia，providinguserswithbiographiesofbands，oractualmusicians.Thereishardlyaneedtomentionthatmusicianscanalsobenefitfromusingtheresource，presentinginformationaboutthemselvesandinvolvingfans.IV.SummaryWriting21．（10分）Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.BeyondIdentityWeoftenthinkofourselvesasourbody，mind，andemotions.Wetakethesethreeelementsandmakeacombination.However，wealsooftentalkaboutaperson'ssoul.Isthereanyscientificbasisforthesoul？Surprisingly，thereis.Eachuniquepersonalityapersonhas（evenincircumstancesofmemorylossandotherillnesses），thefeelingandidentityoftheselfbeyondage（especiallyexperiencedaswegrowolder），andourinevitablesubjectiveexperienceasanindividualconsistofascientificfoundationforthesoul.Despitetheconstantshiftinthelinksbetweenourbraincells，weremainessentiallythesamepersonality.Thisconsistencyismostobviousinthecaseofmentallyillpatientsorpeoplewhohaveexperiencedmemoryloss.AccordingtoScientificAmerican：Basically，nomatterwhathappenstoourbrain，ouruniquepersonalityseemstoshinethrough.Besidesone'spersonality，thesoulofapersoncanbeidentifiedthroughone'sconsciousness.Thoughwecommonlyidentifywithourbodyandwhatweseeinthemirror，wealsohaveasensethatwearenotacertainage﹣asoursenseofselfusuallyleanslessonageandratheronoursubjectivefeelingofwhoweareessentially.Lastly，eachpersonisinevitablysubjectiveabouthisorherexperience.Despitehumansbeingvery，verysimilartoeachotherinDNAandoverallcomposition，ourunderstandingofrealityisvastlydifferentfromindividualtoindividual.AccordingtoPsychologyToday，"Whilesciencehasmadetremendousprogressexplainingthefunctioningofthebrain，whywehaveasubjectiveexperienceremainsmysterious.Theproblemofthesoulliesexactlyhere，inunderstandingthenatureoftheself，the"I"inexistencethatfeelsandliveslife.Thesoulofapersonisincrediblychallengingtoprovescientifically.However，wecansaythatthesoulhassomebasisinscience.Theserealitiesofourbehavior，character，andthewayyounoticethingsmightnotbetestedstrictly，buttheyareverydifficulttodeny.V.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEng