英语实用文体

EnglishWriting

Lecture15PracticalWriting第一页，共四十九页。Notices(通知)Greetings,GoodWishes,Congratulations,andCondolences（问候、祝福、祝贺与悼念）Notes（便笺）Letters（书信）LearningObjectives第二页，共四十九页。

Noticesaremostlywrittentomakeknownsomethingabouttohappenorsometimes,somethingthathashappened.Itmaybeanannouncementofameeting,aparty,afilmorvideoshow,acontest,amatch,etc.Suchanoticeincludesatleastthreeparts:

1.Date---dayoftheweek---time2.Place3.ActivityForlecturesortalks,thenoticesshouldalsoinclude:

4.Backgroundinformationaboutthespeakers:1.Notices（通知）第三页，共四十九页。ClassMeetingWednesdayOct.57p.m.Rm405Movie---HamletIntheAuditoriumSat.Apr.54:00-6:00AdmissionFreeModels12第四页，共四十九页。BasketballMatchonPlayingCourt#1EnglishDept.vsFrenchDept.Mon.June65:00PMWomen’sLibMovementonU.S.CampusSpeaker:Prof.BettyPowellProfessorofSociology,SmithCollegeAuthorofTheOtherHalfoftheSkyDate:Friday,8MayTime:10a.m.Place:Rm.101AllWelcome!

34第五页，共四十九页。NoticeThegentlemen/ladywhoboughttwoivoryfigurines(雕刻)andalacquer(漆器)ware(陶瓷)coffeesetfromtheChineseArtsandCraftsStoreonthemorningofMay2ndhasbeenoverchargedthroughanaccountingerror.Willhe/shepleasecontacttheManger’sOfficetoberefunded.Manager’sOffice5第六页，共四十九页。FOUNDAbrownleatherwallet,inthedininghallonthemorningofSept.29th.OwnerpleaseclaimattheLostandFoundOffice/LostPropertyOffice,Rm.320onthe3rdflooroftheOfficeBuilding.LostandFoundOffice/LostPropertyOffice6第七页，共四十九页。

Thesearewordsconveyingdifferentmessagesfordifferentoccasionsusuallywrittenoncardswhichinclude:Nameofthepersontowhomthemessageissent:ToMr.&Mrs.Smith/Dr.Brown/Prof.Stone/Dick/Antette:ThemessageNameofthesender:FromLiLihua2.Greetings,GoodWishes,Congratulations,andCondolences第八页，共四十九页。ToDr.Brown,AMerryChristmasandAHappyNewYear!fromLiLihua第九页，共四十九页。Greetings(1).ForChristmasandtheNewYear:AMerryChristmasandAHappyNewYear!SendingyouwishesforabeautifulChristmasandaNewYearfilledwithhappiness!BestwishesforaHappyandProsperousNewYear!Warmregardsandseason’sgreetings.WarmestthoughtsandthebestwishesforawonderfulholidayandaveryHappyNewYear.RememberingyouwithawarmwishforaMerryChristmasandaHappyNewYear.第十页，共四十九页。(2)Forabirthday:HappyBirthday!ManyHappyReturnsoftheDay!(3)ForaWeddinganniversary:ManyHappyReturnsofYourWeddingAnniversary!2.GoodWishesTosomeoneinhospital:1)Bestwishesforaspeedyrecovery.2)GetWellSoon!3)WarmestGet-WellWishes.(2)Foranexamination:Goodlucktoyourexamination!(3)Foraninterviewforajob:GoodLucktoyourinterview!

第十一页，共四十九页。3.Congratulations(1)Onsuccessindoingsomething:Heartycongratulationsonyoursuccess!(2)Onamarriage:Heartycongratulationsonyourmarriageandbestwishestoyouboth!Bestwishesforalongandhappymarriedlifetoyouboth.4.CondolencesHeartfelt/Sincerecondolencesinyourgreatloss.WewereshockedanddeeplysorrytolearnthepassingawayofMr.A.Pleaseacceptourverysincerecondolencesinyourgreatloss.第十二页，共四十九页。NotesAppointments

July15Larry,Ihavetomeetmywifeattheairportat3p.m.today.Shallwediscussthematterat10tomorrowmorning?Ifnot,pleaseringmetomakeanothertime---manythanks.Liu第十三页，共四十九页。

Tues.May9Prof.Lowell,I’dliketodiscusswithyoutheoutlineofmyBAthesis.CouldyoupleaseappointatimeandleaveamessageformewithMs.Lininthedepartmentoffice?Thankyou.WangHong第十四页，共四十九页。Notesareshortletterswrittenforvariouspurposes.Comparedwithaletter,anoteissimplerinformandofteninformalorcolloquialinlanguage.Inanote,thefollowingmaybeomitted:theaddressesoftheaddresseeandtheaddresserTheword“Dear”inthesalutationThecomplimentarycloseTheyearinthedate3.Notes第十五页，共四十九页。Appointments

Tues.May9Pro.Lowell,I’dliketodiscusswithyoutheoutlineofmyBAthesis.CouldyoupleaseappointatimeandleaveamessageformewithMs.Linat/inthedepartmentoffice?Thankyou.WangHong第十六页，共四十九页。

Mar.8Mr.Magee,Wouldyoupleasearrangefor(our)Mr.TanYiguotobemetatthe…airport.Hearrivesat18:40onFlightBE421fromLondon.Manythanks,SuHeping第十七页，共四十九页。2.Apologies

Tues.Oct.20DearProf.Richards,I’msorrythatIcouldn’tmakeour4o’clockappointment.MymeetingProf.Sterne’slecturelastedalotlongerthanIexpected,Icouldmeetyouinthedepartmentofficetomorrowat3,ifthatisconvenientforyou.Ifnot,pleaseleaveanoteinmymailbox.ThankyouZhangHongyi

第十八页，共四十九页。

Sat.Oct.31DearMr.Clark,Iwouldliketoexpressmyapologiesfornotbeingabletokeepour9o’clockappointment.Ihadasmallaccidentonmywaytoschool.Iwillcomeovertoyourapartmentthedayaftertomorrow---Monday,November2,at9a.m.ifthatisconvenientforyou.WithmanyapologiesLiXiaomei第十九页，共四十九页。3.InformalInvitations

July1George,WouldyouliketocomeswimmingwithmenextMondayafternoon?Wecouldmeetattheschoolgateatabout1:30p.m.andthengotogether.Jianhua第二十页，共四十九页。DearMs.Gates,Wearehavingapartyinourclassroom,#402,tocelebrate…WoulditbepossibleforyoutojoinusonFriday,December29,at8p.m.?Wewouldbeveryhappyifyoucouldbewithus.StudentsofClass5第二十一页，共四十九页。Mr.&Mrs.Johnson,Weshouldbeverygladifyoucouldcometodinnerwithusatourapartmentatabout7p.m.onWednesday,Sept.21st.Welookforwardtoseeingyou.Liling&Dahua第二十二页，共四十九页。Huiling,Thankyouverymuchfortheinvitation.Iwouldbedelightedtocome.CathyThanks第二十三页，共四十九页。DearHongfei&Weihzhou,ManythanksforyourkindinvitationtodinneronSeptember23rd.DavidandIacceptwithpleasure.Teresa第二十四页，共四十九页。ExpressionsofthanksThankyouverymuchforthelovelydinneryesterday.Weenjoyedtheeveningalot.Iamwritingtothankyouforthewonderfultimewehadatyourpartylastnight.第二十五页，共四十九页。DearMr.Singh,IamwritingtotellyouhowgratefulIamforyourwarmhospitalityduringmystayinNewDelhi.Ienjoyeditgreatly.ZhangMin第二十六页，共四十九页。一般格式

英文书信的构成可分为8个部分：

信头(Heading)

日期(Date)

收信人姓名及地址(InsideNameandAddress)

称呼(Salutation)

信文(Bodyoftheletter)

结束语(Complimentaryclose)

署名(Signature)

附言(P.S.)Letters第二十七页，共四十九页。(1)信头(Heading)

信头是指发信人的单位名称或地址。一般情况下发信人只需把自己的地址写(打字，手写均可)在信的右上角，离开信纸的顶头约1英寸，占二三行或四行均可，格式如下：

①齐头式②缩进式注意：写地址的次序与中文不同，应先写门牌号码街道，然后城市和国名。写地址时采用齐头或缩进式，以及每行后要不要加标点符号，都没有固定的规定。如写给经常往来的亲友，这项地址也可以省略。第二十八页，共四十九页。(2)日期(Date)

写日期注意下列各点：

①年份应写全，例如不能用“99”来代替“1999”；

②月份应写英文名称，除May,July外，可用缩写，如：Sep.,Oct.。但不要用数字来代替，如7／4／99或7，4，99，因为在英国此日期代表7thApril，1999，而美国则代表4thJuly，1999。

③日期可用1，2，3，4…11，12…21，22…31等，也可用lst，2nd，3rd，4th…11th，21th…22nd…31st等。

日期的几种写法：

a．July7，1998

b．1stOctober,1998

c．30Nov.,1997

d．Sep.3rd,1999

④特别注意英文书信日期应紧接着写信人地址下一行，不能像写中文书信那样写在书信签名之后，这是很多学生的常见错误。第二十九页，共四十九页。(3)收信人姓名及地址(InsideNameandAddress)

写信人的地址和日期写好以后，接着就要写收信人的姓名和地址，一般的事务信件或给较生疏的朋友的信件要写，而在给极熟的朋友的信中则可省去。这一项写在日期下一行的左上角。收信人姓名写一行，收信人地址可分两行或三行写，和写信人的地址一样，上下可取齐，也可以向右缩进。在姓名前一般要加上称号，称号因人而异。

①对普通男子用Mr；

②对未婚女子用Miss；

③对已婚女子用Mrs，对婚姻状况不明确的通常用Ms(后跟本人姓)；

④对男子用Master；

⑤对教授或博士(医生)用Prof．或Dr第三十页，共四十九页。(4)称呼(Salutation)

称呼指的是信文开头的那种称呼，如Dear,Mr.,Uncle，各种称呼因人而异。在称呼后面一般是用逗号，但也有用冒号的。现归纳如下：

①对父母、兄弟、姐妹等；

a．Father,

b．MydearMother,

c.DearSister,

d.

DearTom,

②对亲戚：

a．MydearAuntie,

b．DearCousin,

c．MydearCousin,

③对朋友、同学

a．Mydearfriend,

b．DearMr.Jackson,

c．MydearMr.Jackson,

d．DearSir,

第三十一页，共四十九页。④对未婚女子：

a．DearMissLuce,

b．MydearMissLuce,

⑤对一般女子，不论是否结婚：

a．Madame,

b．DearMadame,

⑥对已婚女子：

a．DearMrs.HelenJackson,

b．MydearMrs.HelenJackson,

⑦对公司、工厂、学校等：

a．DearSirs,

b．Sirs,

c．Gentlemen,

第三十二页，共四十九页。(5)信文(Bodyoftheletter)

信文是信件的主体部分，也就是信的内容。正文应在称呼下两行开始。信的开头第一个字母通常和称呼开头第一个词平齐。也有往后退四个或八个字母的。下面介绍一些开头语和结尾语。

第三十三页，共四十九页。开头语

①相当于中文的“敬君者”。

a．Ibegtoinformyouthat…

b．Ibegtotakethisopportunitytoinformyouthat…

c．Ihavethehonortoaddressyouthat…

d．Iwrite

in

a

hurry

to

inform

you

that…

e．Ihavethepleasuretotellyouthat…

f.I'mverymuchdelightedtoinformyouthat…第三十四页，共四十九页。②相当于中文的“接读某月某日来信，一切知悉”。

a．IthankyouverymuchforyourletterofMay20th…

b．YourletterofMay20thhasbeenreceivedwiththanks.

c．ItgivesmegreatpleasuretoreceiveyourkindofMay20th.

d．InanswertoyourkindletterofMay20th,Ideeplyregretthat…

e．IhavereceivedyourkindletterofMay20th.

f．Wordscan'texpressmydelightonfindingyourfavorofyesterdayonmydeskthismorning.

g．YourletterdatedMay20thhasbeenreceived.第三十五页，共四十九页。结尾语

采用三种方法：

①采用分词短语：句末用逗号，不用句号。例如：

a．Waitingforyourgoodnews,

b．Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply,

c．Hopingtohearfromyousoon,

d．Hopingyouareenjoyinggoodhealth,

e．RegrettingthatIcan'tgiveyouamorefavoritereply,

f．RegrettingthetroubleI'mcausingyou,

g．Wishingyoueverysuccess,

h．Wishingyouapleasantjourney,

i．WishingyouahappyNewYear,第三十六页，共四十九页。②采用介词短语，例如：

a．Withbestregards,

b．Withkindregardstoyourfamily,

c．Withbestwishestoyouandyours,

d．Withbestwishesforyoursuccessandhappiness,

e．Withbestwishesforyoursuccessinyournewfieldofwork,

f．Withbestregardsandwishingyouallsuccess,

g．Withwarmest

regards,

h．Withbestregardstoyouandyourfamily,

i．Withtheseason'sgreetings,

第三十七页，共四十九页。③采用完整句子：

a．Wearewaitingforyourgoodnews.

b．Ihopetoreceiveyourearlyreply.

c．Welookforwardtoyourreplyatyourearliestconvenience.

d．Ithank

youverymuch

for

your

services,andwishyourcontinuedsuccess.

第三十八页，共四十九页。(6)结束语(ComplimentaryClose)

结束语的一般写法如下：

①业务书信常用：

Yoursfaithfully,

Faithfullyyours,

Yourstruly,

Trulyyours,

Sincerelyyours,第三十九页，共四十九页。②公函常用：

Yoursrespectfully,

Respectfullyyours,

Yourssincerely,第四十页，共四十九页。③私人书信常用：

Sincerelyyours,

Yoursverysincerely,

Yoursaffectionately,

Yoursever,

④给亲戚朋友的信常用：

Love,

Allmylove,

Your(ever)lovingson/daughter/cousin,etc.

Youraffectionatenephew,lovingly,

Lovinglyyours,第四十一页，共四十九页。(7)署名(Signature)

下面是署名的例子：

①个人署名：

truly,

W.J.Watson

Yoursfaithfully,

②公司署名：

LegendComputerCompany

WangLin

SalesManager

第四十二页，共四十九页。ModelsBusinessLettersInvitationSep.5.2013DearProf.Harvey,Weshouldbeverygratefulifyoucouldgiveatalkon“…”tostudentsoftheEnglishDepartmentonSaturday,Sep,19.Ifthissubjectdoesnotsuityou,anyothersimilartopicwouldalsobewelcome.Wehavealreadyhadseveralveryinterestingtalksfromdistinguishedvisitorsfromvariouscountriesthissemesterandlookforwardeagerlytotheopportunitytobenefitfromyourexperienceandwisdom.Sincerelyyours.LiGang,President,StudentUnionBeijingForeignStudiesUnion第四十三页，共四十九页。

338E.44thSt.Apt.11ANewYork,NY10017U.S.A.May16,2012ProfessorWangYimingDepartmentofEnglishBeijingForeignStudiesUniversityBeijing,10081People’sRepublicofChinaDearProfessorWang,I’minterestedinteachingEnglishinChina.Iamqualifiedtoteachreading,writingandliterature.Anacquaintanceofmine,Mr.LiuYongliofyouruniversitysuggestedthatIshouldwritetoyou.Presently,IworkasateachingassistantinXCollegeinLosAngeles,California,U.S.A.Mybackgroundisstrongintheliberalarts,especiallyintheEnglishlanguage.IhaveaPh.D.degreeinlinguisticsfromUniversityofMichigan.Enclosedyouwillfindacopyofmyresume.Basically,I’minterestedinapositionasaforeignlanguageexpertorasateacher.Ifyouhaveanypositionavailable,pleaseallowmetointerviewwithyou.Thankyouforyourtimeandconsideration.Respectfullyyours,ChristineSteinApplicationandReply第四十四页，共四十九页。

DateChairmanDepartmentofSociologyUniversityofMassachusettsatAmherstAmherst,MA01003U.S.ADearSir;Iamwritingtoyouinthehopeofobtainingaone-yeargranttodosomeresearchworkinyourdepartment.IamanassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofHistoryintheCentralInstituteforNationalities.Inadditiontoresearchwork,Ialsooffercoursesinethnologyandsociology.RecentlyIhavejustfinishedabookonthehistoryoftheJewsinChina,whichistobepublishedbytheNewWorldPressinthecomingyear.Enclosedpleasefindthreelettersofrecommendationandmyresume.Thankyouforyourtimeandconsideration.Ilookforwardtoyourreply.Sincerelyyours,LuoJia第四十五页，共四十九页。DearSir,

I'magraduatestudentinthePhysicsDepartmentofTsinghuaUniversity.

RecentlyIreadthatyouarehiringanassistanttodoresearchon

solarphysics.Asyoucanseefrommyresume(简历).Ihavehadexperienceinthisfield.I'mveryinterestedinyourprojectandhopetoworkwithyou.Mytelephonenumberis83745102.

Thankyouforyourconsideration.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.

Sincerely,

WangLing

第四十六页，共四十九页。

April13,2000

P.O.Box36

TsinghuaUniversity

Beijing,China100084

DearSir/Madam:

YouradvertisementforaNetworkMaintenanceEngineerintheApril10StudentDailyinterestedmebecausethepositionthatyoudescribedsoundsexactlylikethekindofjobIamseeking.

Accordingtotheadvertisement,yourpositionrequirestopuniversity,BachelororaboveinComputerScienceorequivalentfieldandproficientinWindowsNT4.0andLINUXSystem.IfeelthatIamcompetenttomeettherequirements.IwillbegraduatingfromGraduateSchoolofTsinghuaUniversitythisyearwithaM.S.degree