北京大兴区2022-2023学年高一下学期期中英语检测试卷及参考答案

大兴区2022~2023学年度第二学期期中检测高一英语第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhenIwaseightyearsold,IspentafewweeksofthesummerataGirlScoutcampcalledCampRedwing—aplacewherethescenerywasbeautiful.MyfriendsandIwereallexcitedabouttheday’screekhike.Whenonepersoninthegroup1aslug(鼻涕虫),wewereallexcited.Wegatheredaroundpushingeachothertobeinthefrontwiththebestview.Andthat’swhenoneofthecounselorstoldusthatwhenyoulick(舔)aslug,your2goesnumb.Thenthecounselorcaughtitandbegan3itaround.Whentheslugmadeitwaytome,my4tookoverandIdecidedtolickit.Itwasslimy(黏的)andcold,butnotasdisgustingasIexpected.5,itdidnotnumbmytongue;thenumbingchemicalmusthavebeen6bythetimeitreachedme.TheenthusiasmIhadtotryitoutandlearnsomethingnewisafeelingthathasstuckwithmesince.Whenwe’rekids,wewanttoknoweverything.Webotherourparentswith7questionsof“Why?”andwetryeverythinginschool.Butaswegrowupandreachhighschool,thencollege,curiosityseemsto8alot.Now,whenIfeelmyselflosingthepassionforlearning,Irememberedtolicktheslug—whatevertheslugisinthatmoment.I’lldoanythingthatignitesthatsameenthusiasminme,andI9whatotherpeoplethinkaboutit.IknowthatmychildlikecuriosityissomethingIdon’twantto10up,andItrytobringittothesurfaceasmuchasIcan.1.A.found B.saved C.held D.killed2.A.hand B.face C.leg D.tongue3.A.telling B.passing C.playing D.placing4.A.courage B.emotion C.curiosity D.ability5.A.Unfortunately B.Frankly C.Constantly D.Quickly6.A.wasted B.gone C.spread D.beaten7.A.difficult B.satisfying C.endless D.short8.A.decrease B.leave C.change D.affect9.A.think B.weigh C.ignore D.balance10.A.use B.set C.break D.give第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AEveryday,uponpickingupmy11-year-oldsonfromschool,Iwouldask,“Howwasyourday?”Foryears,Igotthesame11(respond)—“Fine,fine”—withnoeyecontact.Hisautism(自闭症)wasgoingtopreventmefromthenormalchit-chatthatparents12(unconscious)enjoy.Oneearlyspringafternoon,Iaskedthequestion,expectingthesameanswer.“Howwasyourday?”Mysonreplied,“Good,good.”Then,helookedatmeandsaid,“Howwasyourday,Mom?”Withtears13(stream)downmyface,Isaid,“It’sreallygood—thebestdayever.”BWeallknoweatinglateisbadforus.Anewstudysaysitcouldmakeussick.Researcherssaythateatingbeforebedtime14(increase)theriskofobesity.TheresearcherslinkedtoHarvardMedicalSchoollookedinto15eatinglateincreasedtheriskofputtingonweight.Theyfoundthateatinglatedoublesourfeelingofhunger,sowe’eatmore.Whenweeat16(early),wearelesshungry,soweeatlessfood.Latereatersalsoeatunhealthierfood,especiallyfastfood.Theyalsomovearoundlessbeforesleeping.Thismeanstheydonotburnoffcalories.CAndvWarholwasasuccessfulmagazineandadillustrator17becamealeadingartistofthe1960sPopartmovement.HewasborninPittsburgh,Pennsylvaniain1926.Whenhegraduatedfromcollege,hemovedtoNewYorkCity18(pursue)acareerasacommercialartist.In1962,heexhibitedthenow-iconicpaintingsofCampbell’ssoupcans,19createdamajorstirintheartworld.Healsodrewportraitsandopenedhisownartstudio.Hisworksblurredthelinesbetweenfineartsandmainstreamaesthetics.Bythetimeofhisdeathin1987,he20(become)oneofthemostimportantfiguresinAmerican-arthistory.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AVisitorGuidelinesofTheMetropolitanMuseumWelookforwardtowelcomingyoutoTheMet!Pleasereviewourvisitorguidelinesoutlinedbelowpriortoyourvisit.Byvisitinginperson,youagreetoobeytherules,andTheMetreservestherighttoaskvisitorswhodonotfollowtheseguidelinestoleavetheMuseum.HealthandSafetyThehealthandsafetyofallisthefirst.TheMetwillcontinuetomonitorandfollowguidelinesissuedbytheCentersforDiseaseControl(CDC),NewYorkState,andNewYorkCityforhealthandsafetyproceduresthatinformouroperations.Masksarestronglyrecommended.WecannotmakesurethatyouwillnotbeexposedtoCOVID-19duringyourvisittoTheMet.ThosevisitingTheMetdosoattheirownriskofsuchexposure.MuseumAdmissionEntranceintotheMuseum’sgalleriesrequiresaticketorMembershipcard.NewYorkStateresidentsandNewYork,NewJersey,andConnecticutstudents,theamountyoupayforticketsisuptoyou.Ifyouwishtopaylessthanthegeneraladmissionticketprices,youmaypurchaseyourticketataMetticketdeskwithavalidNewYorkStatedriver’slicense,NewYorkStateidentificationcard,studentID,orNewYorklibrarycard.GeneralAdmissionForvisitorswhoarenotNewYorkStateresidentsorNY,NJ,orCTstudents:Generaladmissionis$30foradults,$22forseniors,and$17forstudentsAdmissionisfreeforMembers,Patrons,andchildrenunder12Admissionisfreeforacaregiveraccompanyingavisitorwithadisability.MembersWhenyouentertheMuseum,haveyourMembershipcardready.We’llscanyourcard,andyoucanheadrightintothegallerieswithoutaticket.PhotographyandVideoRuleTheMetpermitsphotographyandvideoforprivate,non-commercialuseonlyatTheMetFifthAvenueandTheMetCloisters.Hand-HeldCamerasandvideoonpersonalcellulardevicesmaybeused,withoutaflash(闪光),tophotographandfilmthegalleriesunlessdesignated(标明的).Photographsandvideocannotbepublished,sold,reproduced,transferred,distributed,orotherwisecommerciallyusedinanymanner.21.Accordingtothehealthandsafetyterms.______.A.visitorsarerequiredtowearamaskB.visitorsarerecommendedtowearamaskC.theMetchecksvisitors’vaccinationandtestresultsD.theMetisresponsibleforCOVIDexposure22.25-year-oldLiHuaisastudentatNewYorkUniversity,ifshevisitstheMetwithafriend,whoisamember,andhertwobrothers,both27andvisitingfromChina,howmuchdotheyhavetopayfortheadmissionatleast?A.$60 B.$90 C.$107 D.$7723.Whichofthefollowingisallowedaccordingtothephotographyandvideorule?A.Shootingitemslabellednophotowithahand-heldcamera.B.Takingphotoswithyourmobilephone’sflashon.C.Printingoutyourphotoandsharingitwithyourfriends.D.Puttingyourvideoonlineandchargemoneyforviewing.BTheownerofahouseinSonomaCounty,Californiacalledpest(害虫)controlwhentheyspottedwormscomingfromoneoftheirbedroomwalls.Thosewormsturnedouttobemealworms,feedingonanunbelievableamountofacorns(橡树子),believedtobecollectedbyapairofwoodpeckers.“Itwasreallystrange.Ihadneverreallyseenwormswithacornsbefore,”Castrofromthepestcontrolsaid.Butthestrangenesswasjustbeginning.Aftermakingasmall4-inch-squareholeinthewall,Castrosaidtheacornsbeganspillingout.Thatalonewouldn’tbeterriblyunusual,butthey“justkeptcoming,”hesaid.“Itwasveryunbelievabletoseetheamount,”saidCastro.Heguessestherewereatleast700poundsofacorns,likelycollectedoverthepasttwotofiveyears.Oftenwoodpeckersstoreacornsontheoutsideofhomes,buthardlydotheygettheminside.Inthiscase,Castrodiscoveredthebirdsdroppedtheirtreasuresthroughaholeinthechimneyandenteredtheatticthroughaseparateholetoeat.Astheydroppedfromtheattic,tensofthousandsofacornsgatheredfromseveralnearbyoaktreesfilledtheholeofthewalls,Castroexplained.Butthisoddfindtookunusualtoawholenewlevelforthemanwhohasbeenworkinginthepestcontrolindustryformorethan20years.“Onascalefrom1to10,thisisa10.It’saoneinamillionchancetofindsomethingthisunusual,”saidCastro.“Iexpectedtofindafewhandfuls,nothinglikethis.”Ittookcreatinganotherthreeholesinthehome’swallstoremovealltheacorns,whichpiledandreachedabout20feethigh,Castrobelieved.Castroandhiscrewofthreespentafulldaycollectingthenuts.“Wefilledeightbigblackgarbagebags.Theyweresoheavywecouldhardlypickthemup,”saidCastro.“Theyhadtohaveweighedatleastahundredpoundseach.”Theacornswerethrownawayastheywerecoveredindroppingsandbitsoffiberglassfromthewall’sinsulation.24.Whydidtheownercalledpestcontrol?A.Hehadtoomanyacorns. B.Hewasfedupwithwoodpeckers.C.Hesawwormcomingouthiswall. D.Hespottedholesonhiswall.25.Castrofeltstrangebecause______.A.wormshardlycomesoutfromwalls B.acornshardlygetwormsC.woodpeckersdoesn’tstoreacorns D.acornsarehardlystoredinwalls26.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Theacornshadseriouslydamagedthehouse.B.Theacornsweresoldbecausetherewerelotsofthem.C.Woodpeckersstoreacornstogetwormstoeat.D.WoodpeckerskeepacornsoftenontheoutsideofawallCEvenifyouaren’tintoartificialintelligence,it’stimetopayattentiontoChatGPT,becausethisoneisabigdeal.Thetool,developedbyOpenAI,letsyoutypenatural-languageprompts(提示).ChatGPTthenoffersconversationalresponses.Therobotrememberstheinformationofyourdialogue,usingpreviousquestionsandanswerstoinformitsnextresponses.Itdrawsitsanswersfromhugevolumesofinformationontheinternet.ChatGPTseemsprettyknowledgeableinareaswherethere’sgoodtrainingdataforittolearnfrom.It’snotomniscient(无所不知的)orsmartenoughtoreplaceallhumansyet,butitcanbecreative,anditsanswerscansoundveryauthoritative(权威的).Afewdaysafteritslaunch,morethanamillionpeopleweretryingoutChatGPT.Butbecareful,OpenAIwarns.ChatGPThasallkindsofpotentialdisadvantages,someeasytospotandsomemoresubtle(不明显的).“It’samistaketobedependingonitforanythingimportantrightnow,”OpenAIChiefExecutiveSamAltmansaid.“Wehavelotsofworktodoonrobustness(稳定性)andtruthfulness.”AsOpenAIemphasizes,ChatGPT’sanswerscanlookauthoritativebutbewrong.“Ifyouaskitaverywell-structuredquestion,withtheintentthatitgivesyoutherightanswer,you’llprobablygettherightanswer,”saidMikeKrause,datasciencedirectoratadifferentAIcompany,BeyondLimits.“It’llbeexplainedclearlyandsoundlikeitcamefromsomeprofessoratHarvard.Butifyoutrickit,you’llgetnonsense.”TherehavealreadybeenmanystudentswhouseChatGPTtohelpthemcheatwiththeirhomeworkandessays,butaswithmanyothertechnologydevelopments,it’snotasimpleblack-and-whitesituation.Decadesago,studentscouldcopyencyclopedia(百科全书)entriesandusecalculators,andmorerecently,they’vebeenabletousesearchengines.ChatGPToffersnewabilitiesforeverythingfromhelpingwithresearchtodoingyourhomeworkforyououtright.ManyChatGPTanswersalreadysoundlikestudentessays,thoughoftenwithanunnaturaltone.HighschoolteacherDanielHermanconcludedChatGPTalreadywritesbetterthanmoststudentstoday.He’suncertainbetweenadmiringChatGPT’spotentialusefulnessandfearingitsharmtohumanlearning.DustinYork,anassociateprofessorofcommunicationatMaryvilleUniversity,hopeseducatorswilllearntouseChatGPTasatoolandrealizeitcanhelpstudentsthinkcritically.27.WhydoestheauthorthinkChatGPTisabigdeal?A.Becauseit’sartificialintelligencethatoffersconversationalresponses.B.Becauseit’sknowledgeableinareaswithgoodtrainingdatatolearnfrom.C.Becauseithasallkindsofpotentialdisadvantages,easytospotormoresubtle.D.Becauseithelpedstudentswiththeirhomeworkessaysandwroteevenbetter.28.WhatdidMikeKrausemeanwhenhesaidtheunderlinedwordsinparagraph5?A.ChatGPTwasnotabletoformindirectanswersnaturally.B.ChatGPTwasnotabletoanswerindirectquestionscorrectly.C.ChatGPTwasnotabletoreplytoindirectquestionsquickly.D.ChatGPTwasnotabletoexplainindirectanswersproperly.29.Whydidtheauthormentionencyclopedia,calculators,andsearchengines?A.ToshowthatChatGPTisatoolthatcanbeashelpful.B.ToshowthatChatGPTisaninventionthatwillbeaccepted.C.ToshowthatstudentsshouldbeallowedtouseChatGPTtowriteessays.D.ToshowthatstudentsshouldbebannedtouseChatGPTtowriteessays.30.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofChatGPT?A.potentialandknowledgeable B.robustandtruthfulC.imperfectyetpromising D.authoritativeyetmisleadingDWhalesareanimportantpartoftheocean.Theymaintaintheoceanecosystembyprovidingimportantnutrientsforphytoplankton(浮游植物),microscopicorganism(微生物)intheocean,togrowasfoodforfishandotheranimals.Phytoplanktonalsocarryoutphotosynthesis(光合作用)tokeepcarbondioxidelevellowintheatmospheretokeeptheEarthcool.So,withoutwhales,theoceanswouldn’tbehealthy.Currently,NorthAtlanticrightwhalesarecriticallyendangered.ScientistsfromUniversityofSouthCarolinaandCornellUniversityimaginedthatitisthewarmeroceanwatersthatforcewhalestogotonewplacesthatdon’thaverules,suchasspeedlimitsforships,shorterfishingseasons,etc.,toprotectwhales.Toseeifclimatechangescanexplainthelossofwhales,scientistsanalyzedthewatertemperatureneartheGulfofMaine,thefeedingplaceofthewhales.ThetemperatureisaffectedbythepositionofGulfStreamwhichbringswarmwaterfromthesouth.Theyalsolookedatpopulationdataforthewhalesandtheirfood,whichisprimarilysmallshrimpsandcrabscalledcopepods.Theyestimatedhowthewhalepopulationchangedbasedonthenumberofwhalesightings,whalebirthandtheirbodies.Finally,theyanalyzedhowthechangeinthewatertemperaturerelatedtothechangeinthewhalepopulation.Theresultshowedthatsince2010,theGulfStreamhasbeenfarthernorththaneverbefore,bringingwarmerwaterstotheregion.Thepopulationdatashowsasignificantdecreaseincopepodspopulationbeginningin2010.Thismeanstherehasbeenlessfoodavailableforthewhales.ThebestexplanationisthatglobalwarmingiscausingthenorthwardshiftoftheGulfStream,whichisconsistentwithclimatechange,andmakingthewatersneartheGulfofMainewarmer.However,copepodsprefercoldwater.Warmerwaterwakesthemtooearly,theymissthenutritiousspringphytoplanktonbloomtheyneedtogrow.Besides,whentheGulfStreamisfarthernorth,lesscopepodsarebroughtintotheGulfofMaine.Withfoodlevelstoolow,fewerwhalesareborn,andfewersurvive.Tofindenoughfood,somewhalesswimnorthtotheGulfofSt.Lawrence.Therefore,thereweremorewhalesightingsthere.Italsoexplainswhythereweremorewhaledeathsintheareain2017and2019.Bylookingatthecarcasses,scientistsknowthatshipshitthewhales,ortheygottrappedinfishinggear.So,climatechangebothmakesthewhales’foodshorterandcausesthemtomovetonewplaces,makingithardertoprotectthem.Globalwarmingdoesn’tonlychangetheweather;itchangestheocean.Toprotectoceanspeciesandkeepouroceanshealthy,governmentsneedtoadjusthowtheymanagetheocean.31.ScientistsinthestudycollectedthefollowingtypesofdataEXCEPTthe______.A.temperaturesofwaters B.populationofwhalesC.populationofcopepods D.populationofphytoplankton32.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSEaccordingtothearticle?A.Whalesmovetogetenoughcopepodstoeat. B.Copepodsneedphytoplanktontogrow.C.Phytoplanktoncauseglobalwarming. D.GlobalwarmingcausestheshiftofGulfStream.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“carcass”inparagraph7mean?Adeadbody B.woundedbody C.trappedbody D.lostbody34.Whatshouldthegovernmentsdotosavethewhalesaccordingtotheauthor?A.Governmentsshouldcontroloceantrafficsthatkillthewhales.B.Governmentsshouldtakemeanstoslowdownglobalwarming.C.Governmentsshouldbanfishingintheareawherethewhaleslive.D.GovernmentsshouldkeepthewarmwaterawayfromtheGulfofMaine.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Don’tGetLostintheTermofEco-tourismGiventhattourismproducesharmfulemissions,theterm“greentravel”canseemcontradictory.Greentravelwillnotsolvetheclimatecrisis,butknowingwhattolookforcanallowyoutomakechoicesthatdolessharmandmoregoodifyoudochoosetotravel.35Don’tgethungupontheterms.Thekeytobetterunderstandingandidentifyingsustainabletraveloptionsisrecognizingthatit’sactuallyactions—notwords—thatmatter.Definitionscanvaryfrompersontoperson.36Askquestions.Beforeyoubookatourorhotel,preparequestions.Forexample:Dotheysupportthelocaleconomy?Aretheyensuringthepreservationofthenaturalenvironment?37However,ifyoucan’tfindanswersonthewebsite,contactthepropertyortouroperatordirectly.38Youdon’thavetoplanaresponsibletravelandtheever-changingtermalone.Contactorganizationsthatprovidetraining,accreditationandtransparentstandards.Youcanalsojoinresponsibletravelcommunitiesonsocialmedia,whereyoucanaskquestions,shareresourcesandlearnalongsideothertravelerswhoshareyourvalues.Startnow.Youcan’tdoeverythingatoncerightaway.Decidewhatyoucando.Maybeit’scontributingtoaconservationorcommunityproject.39Anyway,whenyouknowbetter,dobetter.A.Leanonandlearnfromothers.B.Findanoperatorwhosharesyourpersonalvalues.C.Butit’sthetruthbehindthetermthatreallymatters.D.Askwhatthelocalgovernmentcanprovideyouwith.E.Searchfortheanswerssuchasdataandpoliciesonacompany’swebsite.F.Herearesomeexperttipsonhowtounderstandthevocabularyofgreentravel.G.Maybeit’simmersingyourselfinonedestinationratherthanrushingaroundtoseethree.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节阅读表达（共4小题，共12分；第40、41小题，每小题2分；第42题，3分；第43题，5分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。ThemusicianMobyoncesaid,“Musichasnoformwhatsoever—allitisairmovingjustalittlebitdifferently.It’stheonlyartformthatyoucan’ttouch.”Itistruethatwecannottouchmusic,butthatdoesnotmeanthatmusicisaninvisibleartform.Thereis,infact,awayto“see”music.Howcanweseemusic?Neuroscientists,peoplestudythehumanbrain,useMRImachines(magneticresonanceimagingmachines)tolookinsidethebrain.Thesetoolsletthemseewhatactuallyhappensinthebrainwhenpeoplearedoingthings.Forexample,thetoolsletthem-seetheneurons(神经细胞),orbraincellsthatareinusewhenpeoplearelisteningtomusic.ComputerscreenslinkedtoMRIsshowneuronslightingupwhentheyareinuse.Andwhenpeoplelistentomusic,neuronslightupinmanypartsofthebrain.Neuroscientistshavediscoverytohearmedthatitisn’tnecessarytohearmusicfortheneuronstolightup.Evenwhenyoujustthinkaboutasong,theseneuronslightup.Inaddition,thesameneuralactivityinthesamepartofthebrainhappenswhenpeopleexperienceotherpleasurableactivities.Forexample,someofthesameneuronslightupwhenweeatsomethingdeliciousorhugalovedone.Thisisbecausetheseneuronsareintheareasofthebrainthatrewardusbymakingusfeelgood.Negativefeelingssuchasfearoranxietymakeneuronsinadifferentarealightup.However,whenananxiousorfrightenedpersonlistenstopleasurablemusic,theseneuronsstoplightingup.Nowthatneuroscientistscan“see”the,effectsofmusiconthebrain,theywanttoknowwhatthebenefitsofmusicare.Itturnsouttherearemanybenefits.Neuroscientistshavediscoveredthatmusiccanhelpmemoryandmaykeepourbrainyoung.Recentstudiesshowthatanelderlymusicianoftenhasabettervisualmemorythananelderlynon-musician.Forexample,elderlymusiciansarebetteratmemorizinga·writtenlistofwordsthantheirnon-musicianpeers.Whydoesmusichavesomanybenefits?Theanswermaybebecauseitusessomanydifferentpartsofthebrain.Accordingtoneuroscientists,usingmanypartsofthebrainatonetimegivesyourbrainagood“workout.”Infact,oneofthebestbrain“works”istoreadmusicandplayamusicalinstrumentatthesametime.Readingmusicwhileplayinganinstrumentisachallengingtask.Itusesmorepartsofthebrainsimultaneouslythanmost.otheractivitiesandrequiresexcellentcoordination(协调性).Itinvolvesbothphysicalmovementandmentalactivity,muchlikeplayingasportsuchassoccer.So,althoughMobyiscompletelycorrectthatwecannottouchmusic,itispossibleto“see”theeffectofmusiconourbrains.Thereisstillalottolearnabouttheeffectsofmusiconourbrains.However,thereisnodoubtthatscientistshaveshownthatmusicisanextremelypowerfulartformwithmanypositiveeffects.40.HowdoMRIshelppeople“see”music?41.Whydidtheauthormentiontheelderlymusicianinpara