2023年考研考博-考博英语-江西财经大学考试历年真题摘选含答案解析

2023年考研考博-考博英语-江西财经大学考试历年真题摘选含答案解析第1卷一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Indigitalelectronics,signalsarebrokendownintothousands,maybemillions,（）,whichareencodedaszeroesandones.问题1选项A.ofbitsofinformationB.ofmuchinformationC.oflittleinformationD.ofinformation2.单选题There’salwaysintensemediacoverageofairplanecrashesandthatcanreallyplayintopeople’sfearsandskewtheirperceptionsofhowsafeitistofly.Theunderlinedpartmeans（）.问题1选项A.misconceiveB.distortC.changeD.preoccupy3.单选题Directions:Readingthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CorD.Afour-yearcollegedegree,seenforgenerationsasatickettoabetterlife,is（11）enoughtoguaranteeasteadilyrisingpaycheck.JustaskBeaDewing.Aftersheearnedabachelor’sdegree—hissecond—incomputersciencefromMaryland’sFrostburgStateUniversityin1986,sheenjoyedalmostunbrokenadvancein（12）,eventuallyearning$89,000ayearasadatamodelerforSprintCorpinLawrence,Ken.Then,in2002,Sprintlaidheroff.“IthoughtImightbelookingafewweeksormonthsatmost,”saysMs.Dewing,now56yearsold.（13）shespentthenextsixyearsinacareerwilderness,startingininternetcafethatdidn’tsucceed,working（14）jobandlow-endpositionsindataprocessing,andfruitlessly（15）hundredsofjobpostings.Thelowpointcamearound2004whenarecruiterforSprint—nowknownasSprintNextelCorp.—calledseekingtofillajobsimilartotheoneshe（16）twoyearsearlier,butpayingbarelyathirdofheroldsalary.InApril,Ms.Dewingfinallylandedajob（17）heroldoneintheinformationtechnologydepartmentofWal-MartStoreInc.’sheadquartersinBentonville,Ark,wheresherelocated.She（18）about20%lessthanshedidin2002,adjustedforinflation,butconsidersherselffortunate,andwiser.Adegree,shesays,“isn’tanybigguaranteeofemployment,it’sabasic（19）,astepyouhavetotaketo（20）beconsideredformanyprofessionaljobs.”Acollegedegreemaynottakeyouasfarasyou’dexpect,althoughtheremaystillbeafewfieldswhereabachelor’sdegreestillremainsaworthyinvestment.问题1选项A.definitelyB.nolongerC.rarelyD.impossible问题2选项A.securityB.promotionC.benefitsD.wages问题3选项A.FurthermoreB.DespiteC.InsteadD.And问题4选项A.temporaryB.variousC.similarD.technical问题5选项A.respondedtoB.respondingforC.respondingtoD.respondthrough问题6选项A.gotB.gaveupC.lostD.secured问题7选项A.relatedtoB.similartoC.comparedwithD.incontrastwith问题8选项A.earnsB.contributesC.offersD.pays问题9选项A.qualityB.requirementC.promiseD.possibility问题10选项A.justB.thoughC.yetD.even4.单选题Weobjecttotheideathatitismilitaryforcethatshouldbe（）insettlinginternationaldisputes.问题1选项A.appliedtoB.resortedtoC.fallenbackonD.restrainedfrom5.单选题Theroadoutsidetheschoolisamenacetothechildren’ssafety.Theunderlinedpartmeans（）.问题1选项A.troubleB.headacheC.barrierD.threat6.翻译题Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.42.人们学会了珍惜各自身上具有的一些品质，正是这些品质使群体生活愉悦美好。在这些品质中，最重要的是同情。你若是残忍地对待动物，你就不大可能对其他人善良体贴。你若是对其他人体贴入微，你就不大可能残忍冷漠地对待动物。古代的智者写道“仁者爱人及畜”，原因概出于此。善待动物并不是说我们永远不能让动物承受痛苦。人类自身就是在快乐中、也在痛苦中经受锻炼。因此，有时候也需要用惩罚来训练我们的狗和马，使他们听从我们的指令。在医生的手下，为了疗好创伤或医治疾病，我们得忍受痛苦。为了国家的利益，我们派遣最勇敢的人们直面创伤、疾病和死亡。同样，我们让战马和我们一起亲冒矢石。7.单选题ThepopulationofPennsylvaniaincreasedfrom50,000in1730tomorethan200,000in1763,（）tothethousandsofScotchIrish.问题1选项A.ineffectB.inconsequenceC.inlargepartD.atlarge8.单选题Somepeopleholdthat,sinceweliveinamoneyorientedsociety,theaverageindividualcareslittleaboutsolving（）problems.问题1选项A.anyoneelses’B.anyone’selseC.anyoneelse’sD.anyone9.单选题Theoldman’sfaceis（）thelinesofpressureandexhaustionthathaveaccumulatedovertheyears.问题1选项A.brandedwithB.blendedwithC.complimentedbyD.complementedby10.单选题Someorganizationsfindthemselvesfacedwithnewproductopportunities,orwithprojectsthathavea（）startingandendingpoint.问题1选项A.definiteB.definitiveC.definedD.defining11.单选题Wemusttakepartinphysicallaborinorderto（）ourselvesmorecloselywiththeworkingpeople.问题1选项A.combineB.incorporateC.involveD.identify12.单选题Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Hospitals,hopingtocurbmedicalerror,haveinvestedheavilytoputcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevicesintothehandsofmedicalstaffforinstantaccesstopatientdata,druginformationandcasestudies.Butlikemanycures,thissolutionhascomewithanunintendedsideeffect:doctorsandnursescanbefocusedonthescreenandnotthepatient,evenduringmomentsofcriticalcare.Apollshowedthathalfofmedicaltechnicianshadadmittedtextingduringaprocedure.Thisphenomenonhassetoffanintensifyingdiscussionathospitalsandmedicalschoolsaboutaproblemperhapsbestdescribedas“distracteddoctoring.”Inresponse,somehospitalshavebegunlimitingtheuseofelectronicdevicesincriticalsettings,whileschoolshavestartedremindingmedicalstudentstofocusonpatientsinsteadofdevices.“Youjustifycarryingdevicesaroundthehospitaltodomedicalrecords,butyoucansurftheInternetordoFacebook,andsometimesFacebookismoretempting,”saidDr.PeterPapadakosattheUniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter.“Mygutfeelingislivesareindanger,”saidDr.Papadakos.“We’renoteducatingpeopleabouttheproblem,andit’sgettingworse.”Asurveyof439medicaltechniciansfoundthat55percentoftechnicianswhomonitorbypassmachinesacknowledgedthattheyhadtalkedoncellphonesduringheartsurgery.Halfsaidtheyhadtextedwhileinsurgery.Thestudyconcluded,“Suchdistractionshavethepotentialtobedisastrous.”Medicalprofessionalshavealwaysfacedinterruptionsfromcellphones,andmultitaskingissimplyafactoflifeformanymedicaljobs.Whathaschanged,saydoctors,especiallyyoungerones,isthattheyfaceincreasingpressuretointeractwiththeirdevices.Thepressurestemsfromamantraofmodernmedicinethatpatientcaremustbe“datadriven,”andinformedbythelatest,instantlyaccessibleinformation.Bymanyaccounts,thetechnologyhashelpedreducemedicalerrorbyprovidinginstantaccesstopatientdataorprescriptiondetails.Dr.PeterCarmel,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,saidtechnology“offersgreatpotentialinhealthcare,”butheaddedthatdoctors’firstpriorityshouldbewiththepatient.31.Whydohospitalsequiptheirstaffwithcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevices?32.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoby“distracteddoctoring”?33.WhatdoesDr.PeterPapadakosworryabout?34.Whydodoctorsfeelincreasingpressuretousemoderndevices?35.WhatisPeterCarmel’sadvicetodoctors?问题1选项A.Tofacilitateadministration.B.Tocopewithemergencies.C.Toreducemedicalerror.D.Tosimplifymedicalprocedures.问题2选项A.Thedisservicedonebymoderndevicestodoctors,nurses,aswellaspatients.B.Theproblemofdevicespreventingdoctorsfromfocusingontheirpatients.C.Thetendencyofmedicalinstitutionsencouragingtheuseofmoderndevices.D.Thephenomenonofmedicalstaffattendingtopersonalaffairswhileworking.问题3选项A.Medicalstudentsarenotadequatelytrainedtousemoderntechnology.B.Doctorsarerelyingtooheavilyonmodernelectronictechnology.C.Doctors’interactionwiththeirdevicesmayendangerpatients’lives.D.Pressuresonthemedicalprofessionmaybecomeoverwhelming.问题4选项A.Patientstrustdoctorswhousemoderntechnology.B.Useofmoderndevicesaddstohospitalsrevenues.C.Patients’datahastoberevisedfromtimetotime.D.Dataisgiventoomuchimportanceinpatientcare.问题5选项A.Theyfocustheirattentiononthepatient’scondition.B.Theyfollowcloselytheadvancesinmedicalscience.C.Theyobservehospitalrulesandregulations.D.Theymakethebestuseofmoderndevices.13.单选题Nowscientistscannotrealize（）soonthatexistingscientificknowledgeisnotnearlysocomplete,certainandunalterableasmanytextbooksseemtoimply.问题1选项A.soB.veryC.tooD.as14.单选题PassageOneItisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlite,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign,otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.Aveterandriverwhosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofboatmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.21.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby（）.22.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...therule.”(Paragraph1)impliesthat（）.23.By“goodsense”(Paragraph2),thewritermeans（）.24.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,（）.25.Inthewriter’sopinion,（）.问题1选项A.people’sattitudetowardstheroad-hogB.therhythmofmodernlifeC.thebehaviorofthedriverD.trafficconditions问题2选项A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotoristsB.rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionallyC.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hogD.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists问题3选项A.thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonablyB.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultandsevereconditionsC.thedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagebehaviorD.thedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations问题4选项A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrificeB.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachotherC.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselvesD.driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers问题5选项A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneededB.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperlyC.rudedriversshouldbepunishedD.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams15.翻译题41.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.(15’)USbusinessesrespondedwithalarmtoPresidentDonaldTrump’sannouncementofwide-rangingtariffsonimportsfromChina,warningthattheywouldraisecostsforAmericanconsumersandriskedprovokingadamagingtradewar.Businessgroupsfromarangeofindustriesexpressedacommonview:theysharedMr.Trump’sconcernsaboutintellectualpropertyviolationsandunfairtradingpracticesbyChinabutthoughthisdecisiontousetariffstoaddresstheproblemwouldbecounter-productive.OneofthestrongestresponsestotheplanscamefromtheNationalRetailFederation,whichsaidthetariffswould“punishordinaryAmericansforChina’sviolations”.第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】A【解析】information是不可数名词，选项D错；littleinformation否定含义，不符合本题句意，C选项错；B选项语义不通。只有A选项正确。2.【答案】B【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项misconceive“误解，误会”；B选项distort“扭曲；使失真；曲解”；C选项change“改变”；D选项preoccupy“（使）全神贯注；提前占据”。句意：媒体总是对飞机失事进行密集报道，这真的会加剧人们的恐惧，他们对飞行安全的认知。根据句意和常识可以推断，当媒体大量报道某事时，往往会误导、曲解人们对该事件的客观认识，因此B选项正确。3.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C第6题:C第7题:B第8题:A第9题:B第10题:D【解析】11.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项definitely“清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地”；B选项nolonger“不再”；C选项rarely“很少地；难得；罕有地”；D选项impossible“不可能的；不可能存在的”。句意：四年制本科学位在多少代人的眼中都被看作是通往美好生活的门票，而现在，它已不再能保证薪水的稳定增长了。根据句意，此处有转折的含义，因此B选项正确。12.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查上下文语义与词义辨析。A选项security“安全，安全性；保证；证券；抵押品”；B选项promotion“提升，晋升；促销；促进”；C选项benefit“利益，好处”；D选项wage“工资；报酬”。句意：她几乎不间断地享受加薪。由空格后的关键词“earning$89,000ayear年薪89000美元”可知“工资”符合句意，因此D选项正确。13.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项furthermore“此外；而且”；B选项despite“即使，尽管”；C选项instead“反而；相反”；D选项and“和；然后”。句意：但恰恰相反，接下来的六年中她在求职道路上处处碰壁。由上文“IthoughtImightbelookingafewweeksormonthsatmost我觉得自己最多只要几周或几个月时间就能找到工作”，可推知此处表转折，instead“反而；相反”符合句意，因此C选项正确。14.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查上下文语义与词义辨析。A选项temporary“暂时的，临时的”；B选项various“各种各样的；多方面的”；C选项similar“相似的”；D选项technical“工艺的，科技的”。句意：从事数据处理方面的临时工作和低端职位。“暂时的”符合句意，因此A选项正确。15.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查语法和词义辨析。A选项respondto“响应；回答；对……反应”；B选项respondfor“作出……反应/响应”；C选项与A选项相同；D选项respondthrough“通过……反应/响应”。句意：也曾经回复过数百个职位招聘广告，但都无功而返。这里要表达的意思是“respondingtohundredsofjobpostings曾经回复过数百个职位招聘广告”，且“respondingto”和前文的“starting”“working”为并列结构，因此C选项正确。16.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查上下文语义和词义辨析。A选项get“获得；受到；变成”；B选项giveup“放弃；交出”；C选项lose“浪费；使沉溺于；使迷路；遗失；错过”；D选项secure“保护”。句意：最低潮的时候是在2004年左右，斯普林特──现在的SprintNextelCorp.──的一个招聘人员打来电话，职位与她两年前失去的工作类似，但薪水只有她原先的三分之一。根据上文可知，杜因两年前曾经失去过一份工作，因此C选项正确。17.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查上下文语义和词组辨析。A选项relateto“与……有关”；B选项similarto“与……相似；和……相同”；C选项comparewith“与……相比较”；D选项incontrastwith“与……形成对比；与……相比”。句意：杜因终于在阿肯色州本顿维尔的沃尔玛连锁公司（Wal-MartStoresInc.）总部的信息技术部门找到了一份与老本行差不多的工作。句子要表达的是“一份与之前工作相似的工作”，“similarto与……相似”符合句意，因此B选项正确。18.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查上下文语义和词义辨析。A选项earn“赚；获得；挣得”；B选项contribute“贡献；有助于”；C选项offer“提供；出价”；D选项pay“支付；给予”。句意：她现在的薪水经通胀因素调整后比2002年的薪水低了20%左右。根据上下文可知“earn赚；获得；挣得”符合句意，因此A选项正确。19.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项quality“质量，品质；特性；才能”；B选项requirement“要求；必要条件；必需品”；C选项promise“许诺，允诺；希望”；D选项possibility“可能性”。句意：学位并不是找到工作的大保证，它是一项基本要求，甚至是许多专业职位考虑聘用你时必须采取的一步。“requirement要求”符合句意，因此B选项正确。20.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项just“只是，仅仅”；B选项though“虽然，尽管”；C选项yet“还；但是；已经”；D选项even“甚至，即使”。句意：学位并不是找到工作的大保证，它是一项基本要求，甚至是许多专业职位考虑聘用你时必须采取的一步。根据句意可知even“甚至”正确，因此D选项正确。4.【答案】B【解析】resortto依靠、求助于；applyto向……申请（或要求）；fallbackon没有其他办法时救助；restrain...from...克制。5.【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项trouble“麻烦；烦恼”；B选项headache“头痛；麻烦”；C选项barrier“障碍物，屏障；界线”；D选项threat“威胁”。句意：学校外面的道路对孩子们的安全是个（

）。根据逻辑可知，对学生而言，校外的道路是有交通安全隐患的，即“威胁”，因此D选项正确。6.【答案】Peoplehavelearnedtovaluethequalitiesthateachofthempossessesthatmakegrouplifeenjoyable.Themostimportantofthesequalitiesiscompassion.Ifyouarecrueltoanimals,youarelesslikelytobekindtootherpeople.Ifyoutreatotherpeoplewithconsideration,youarelesslikelytotreatanimalswithcrueltyandinsensitivity.Thisiswhythewisemenofancienttimeswrotethat“benevolentmenlovetheiranimals.”Beingkindtoanimalsdoesnotmeanthatweshouldneverallowanimalstosuffer.Manhimselfisexercisedinpleasureaswellasinpain.Therefore,itissometimesnecessarytousepunishmenttotrainourdogsandhorsestoobeyourcommands.Underthehandsofadoctor,wehavetosufferinordertohealawoundorcureadisease.Wehavesentourbravestmenandwomentofacetrauma,diseaseanddeathinthefaceofwhatisgoodforourcountry.Inthesameway,weletourhorsesmarchwithusthroughthehailofbullets.7.【答案】C【解析】inlargepart表示“主要地”，相当于mainly：ineffect意为“实际”“事实上”；inconsequence意为“因而”“结果”；atlarge意为“大体上”。本句意为：“宾夕法尼亚的人口从1730年的5万增加到1763年的20万，主要是由于苏格兰和爱尔兰人混血的后裔造成的。”8.【答案】C【解析】anyoneelse“别的任何人”，其所有格形式应在else后，即anyoneelse’；anyone不应分开写，else不是名词，没有复数形式。9.【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项中brand意为“给……打上烙印”；B选项中blend意为“混合”；C选项中compliment意为“恭维；称赞”；D选项中complement意为“补足，补助”。句意：老人脸上（

）岁月累积的压力和疲惫的皱纹。根据句意可推断出A选项正确，bebrandedwith有“被打上烙印；带有……的印记”的意思，在此句中可翻译为“布满”。10.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项definite“一定的；明确的”；B选项definitive“最后的；确定的”；C选项defined“界定的；轮廓清晰的”；D选项defining“最典型的；起决定性作用的”。句意：一些组织发现他们自己面临着新的产品机会，或者有起点和终点的项目。根据句意可推断出空格处应为“明确的”，A、B选项均有此意，但侧重点不同，definite强调明显、清楚、有把握；definitive强调最终、权威、不可更改，侧重于最终的结果，这里是修饰“起点和终点”，并非强调结果，因此A选项正确。11.【答案】D【解析】identifyoneselfwith表示“与……密切联系”“到……中去”的意思；incorporatewith意为“与……合作（结合）”；combinewith意为“与……联合”；involveoneselfin意为“参与”“卷入”，不与with搭配。本句意为：我们必须参加体力劳动，目的是更好地与群众打成一片。“与……打成一片”还可以用integrateoneselfwith。12.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】31.【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。由题干定位到文章中第一段“Hospitals,hopingtocurbmedicalerror,haveinvestedheavilytoputcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevicesintothehandsofmedicalstaffforinstantaccesstopatientdata,druginformationandcasestudies.为了遏制医疗失误，医院投入巨资将电脑、智能手机和其他设备交给医务人员，以便即时获取患者数据、药品信息和案例研究。”可知C项“减少医疗事故。”正确。A项“方便行政管理。”；B项“应付紧急情况。”；C项“减少医疗事故。”；D项“简化医疗程序。”，因此C选项正确。32.【试题答案】B【试题解析】例证题。按题干定位词“distracteddoctoring”定位在第三段。而distracteddoctoring所描述的是第三段首句的“thisphenomenon”，讲的是第二段中所例证的phenomenon，所以答案往上一段找。第二段首句举例说明了随之而来的“sideeffect”——“doctorsandnursescanbefocusedonthescreenandnotthepatient”“admittedtextingduringaprocedure”，可见作者通过说“distracteddoctoring”是想说明devices的“sideeffect”，即B选项。33.【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。由题干定位到文章中的第六段“Asurveyof439medicaltechniciansfoundthat55percentoftechnicianswhomonitorbypassmachinesacknowledgedthattheyhadtalkedoncellphonesduringheartsurgery.Halfsaidtheyhadtextedwhileinsurgery.Thestudyconcluded,‘Suchdistractionshavethepotentialtobedisastrous.’一项对439名医疗技术人员的调查发现，55%监控心脏搭桥机的技术人员承认，他们在心脏手术期间用手机通话。一半的人说他们在手术时发过短信。该研究总结道：‘这种干扰有可能带来灾难性的后果。’”可知C项“医生与设备的互动可能会危及患者的生命。”正确。A项“医学生在使用现代技术方面没有得到充分的训练。”；B项“医生们过于依赖现代电子技术。”；C项“医生与设备的互动可能会危及患者的生命。”；D项“医学专业的压力可能变得势不可挡。”，因此C选项正确。34.【试题答案】D【试题解析】因果题。题干信息问的是“why”原因，因此要确定找到定位点附近的因果词，判断孰因孰果选出答案。根据题干“increasingpressur