2023年考研考博-考博英语-北京体育大学考试历年真题摘选含答案解析

2023年考研考博-考博英语-北京体育大学考试历年真题摘选含答案解析第1卷一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Hewasaccompaniedbyhisfaithfulfriendandsecretary,Mr.WilliamMinns,（

）.问题1选项A.withoutwhomhenevertravelledB.withoutwhohenevertravelledC.withouthimhenevertravelledD.henevertravelledwithouthim2.单选题Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo（

）bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.问题1选项A.unrecordedB.tobeunrecordedC.unrecordingD.tohavebeenunrecorded3.单选题Expertssaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforapersonto（

）healthy.问题1选项A.preserveB.stayC.maintainD.reserve4.单选题Thesuggestionthatthemayor（

）theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.问题1选项A.wouldpresentB.presentC.presentsD.oughttopresent5.单选题IfIhadacarofmyown,I（

）ittoyoursisteryesterday.问题1选项A.willlendB.wouldlendC.shouldlendD.wouldhavelent6.单选题Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookshop,willgiveyou（

）youneed.问题1选项A.alltheinformationB.alltheinformationsC.allofinformationD.alloftheinformations7.问答题Don’ttouchthosewiresinanycircumstances.(Under)8.单选题TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld,eventheseasonalchanges,asunpredictable,andtheysought,throughvariousmeans,tocontroltheseunknownandfearfulpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformances,andwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe“actingarea”andthe“auditorium”.Inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeingsandmimedthedesiredeffect—successinhuntorballet,thecomingrain,therevivalofthesun—asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.Accordingtothisview,tales(aboutthehunt,war,ofother-feats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthataretheimitationofanimalmovementsandsounds.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?2.Whataspectofdramadoestheauthordiscussinthefirstparagraph?3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacommonelementoftheatreandritual?4.Theword“considerable”underlinedinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“（

）".5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindifferencebetweenritualanddrama?问题1选项A.Theoriginsoftheatre.B.TheroleofritualinmodemdanceC.TheimportanceofstorytellingD.Thevarietyofearlyreligiousactivities.问题2选项A.Thereasondramaisoftenunpredictable.B.Theseasonsinwhichdramaswereperformed.C.Theconnectionbetweenmythsanddramaticplots.D.Theimportanceofcostumesinearlydrama.问题3选项A.Dance.B.Costumes.C.MusicD.Magic.问题4选项A.thoughtfulB.substantialC.relationalD.ceremonial问题5选项A.Ritualusesmusicwhereasdramadoesnot.B.Ritualisshorterthandrama.C.Ritualrequiresfewerperformersthandrama.D.Ritualhasareligiouspurposeanddramadoesnot.9.单选题Itwasclearthatthesmallgrocerwas（

）peopleheowedmoneyto.问题1选项A.attheexpenseofB.attheriskofC.inthewayofD.atthemercyof10.问答题Notallofthepeoplelikethismovie.(popular)11.单选题Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds（

）hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.问题1选项A.tobebasedonB.tobaseonC.whichtobaseonD.onwhichtobase12.单选题Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed“obvious”bothtothegeneralpublicandtosociologiststhatmodernsocietyhaschangedpeople'snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokinandneighbors,andsubstitutedintheirplacesuperficialrelationshipswithpassingacquaintances.However,inrecentyearsagrowingbodyofresearchhasrevealedthatthe“obvious”isnottrue.Itseemsthatifyouareacityresident,youtypicallyknowasmallerproportionofyourneighborsthanyoudoifyouarearesidentofasmallercommunity.But,forthemostpart,thisfacthasfewsignificantconsequences.Itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatifyouknowfewofyourneighborsyouwillknownooneelse.Eveninverylargecities,peoplemaintainclosesocialtieswithinsmall,privatesocialworlds.Indeed,thenumberandqualityofmeaningfulrelationshipsdonotdifferbetweenmoreandlessurbanpeople.Small-townresidentsaremoreinvolvedwithkinthanarebig-cityresidents.Yetcitydwellerscompensatebydevelopingfriendshipswithpeoplewhosharesimilarinterestsandactivities.Urbanismmayproduceadifferentstyleoflife,butthequalityoflifedoesnotdifferbetweentownandcity.Norareresidentsoflargecommunitiesanylikeliertodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsofstressoralienation,afeelingofnotbelonging,thanareresidentsofsmallercommunities.However,citydwellersdoworrymoreaboutcrime,andthisleadsthemtoadistrustofstrangers.Thesefindingsdonotimplythaturbanismmakeslittleornodifference.Ifneighborsarcstrangerstooneanother,theyarelesslikelytosweepthesidewalkofanelderlycouplelivingnextdoororkeepaneyeoutforyoungtroublemakers.Moreover,asWirthsuggested,theremaybealinkbetweenacommunity’spopulationsizeanditssocialheterogeneity.Forinstance,sociologistshavefoundmuchevidencethatthesizeofacommunityisassociatedwithbadbehaviorincludinggambling,drugs,etc.Large-cityurbanitesarealsomorelikelythantheirsmall-towncounterpartstohaveacosmopolitanoutlook,todisplaylessresponsibilitytotraditionalkinshiproles,tovoteforleftistpoliticalcandidates,andtobetolerantofnontraditionalreligiousgroups,unpopularpoliticalgroups,andso-calledundesirables.Everythingconsidered,heterogeneityandunusualbehaviorseemtobeoutcomesoflargepopulationsize.1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraph?2.Accordingtothepassage,itwasonceacommonbeliefthaturbanresidents（

）.3.Oneoftheconsequencesofurbanlifeisthatimpersonalrelationshipsamongneighbors（

）.4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthebiggeracommunityis（

）.5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?问题1选项A.Twocontrastingviewsarepresented.B.AnargumentisexaminedandpossiblesolutionsgivenC.Researchresultsconcerningthequalityofurbanlifearepresentedinorderoftime.D.Adetaileddescriptionofthedifferencebetweenurbanandsmall-townlifeisgiven问题2选项A.didnothavethesameinterestsastheirneighborsB.couldnotdeveloplong-standingrelationshipsC.tendedtobeassociatedwithbadbehaviorD.usuallyhadmorefriends问题3选项A.disruptpeoplednaturalrelationsB.makethemworryaboutcrimeC.causethemnottoshowconcernforoneanotherD.causethemtobesuspiciousofeachother问题4选项A.thebetteritsqualityoflifeB.themoresimilaritsinterestsC.themoretolerantandopen-mindeditisD.thelikelieritistodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsofstress问题5选项A.Similaritiesintheinterpersonalrelationshipsbetweenurbanitesandsmall-towndwellersB.Advantagesoflivinginbigcitiesascomparedwithlivinginsmalltowns.C.Thepositiverolethaturbanismplaysinmodemlife.D.Thestrongfeelingofalienationofcityinhabitants.13.单选题AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,courteous,andhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.Tobefair,thisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,ofcourse,exceptions.Small-mindedofficials,rudewaiters,andill-manneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountry,atravelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversion,andbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someonetravelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,oftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:ifyoudidn’ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhim,therewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomeday,remember,youmightbeinthesamesituation.Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationsthatspecializedinhelpingthewearytraveler.Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS,especiallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails.Iwasjusttravelingthrough,gottalkingwiththisAmerican,andprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner—amazing.SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition.Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignalsassumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.And,ofcourse,speakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailtotranslateculturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.Forexample,whenanAmericanusesthewordfriend,theculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor’slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.1.Theword“observation”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（

）.2.Peopleinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertaintravelersbecausethesestrangerswould（

）.

3.Nowadaysthetraditionoffriendlinesstostrangers（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?5.Fromthelastparagraphofthepassagewehavelearnedthat（

）.问题1选项A.attention.B.watchfulness.C.survey.D.opinion.问题2选项A.bringgoodnewsfromoutsideworld.B.helplocalssolvetheirproblems.C.bringachangetothelifeinthesettlements.D.requiresadifferentdefinition.问题3选项A.isstillprevailing.B.canrarelybeseenC.iswadingfastD.requiresadifferentdefinition问题4选项A.Peoplearestillfondoftravelingtoremoteplaces.B.Foreigntravelersnowkeepawayfrombusytouristtrails.C.Thereisnocharitableorganizationinsmallcities.D.ForeignvisitorstotheUShavetroubleunderstandingAmerican’sfriendliness.问题5选项A.theabilityofspeakingaforeignlanguageimpliesabetterunderstandingofitscultureB.variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriendsC.cultureexercisesagreatinfluenceonsocialinterrelationshipsD.courteousconventionandindividualinterestarecloselyinterrelated14.单选题Weneedtobemore（

）totheneedsoftheyoungstudents.问题1选项A.sensitiveB.sensationalC.sensoryD.sensible15.单选题Youngpeoplearenot（

）tostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.问题1选项A.conservativeB.contentC.confidentD.generous第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】A【解析】语法题。根据句子结构和选项，可知空格中填入非限制性定语从句，可由介词without+关系代词引导，who和him不能用作关系代词引导定语从句，选项B和C可排除。句意：他忠实的朋友兼秘书威廉•明斯先生，没有他经常陪同着他，每次旅游都会和他一起。因此选项A符合题意。2.【答案】A【解析】固定搭配题。根据句意‘这些调查表明许多犯罪…，主要因为不是所有的受害者都会举报。’确定空格处填的意思是否定含义‘没有被记录’，动词go与否定式的过去分词连用，表示某动作未发生，A选项正确。3.【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。preserve“保护，保存”；stay“保持”，可作系动词后接形容词作表语；maintain“维持”；reserve“预订，储备”。句意：专家说散步是保持健康的最好方法之一。因此选项B符合题意。4.【答案】B【解析】语法（虚拟语气）题。suggestion做主语的句子，是虚拟语气的用法，从句用should+动词原型，should可以省略。所以省略should的B选项正确。5.【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据yesterday可知,这里是对过去情况的虚拟。从句为had+过去分词,主句应该用wouldhave+过去分词。所以选项D正确。6.【答案】A【解析】语法（不可数名词和冠词）题。information为不可数名词，没有复数形式，排除B选项和D选项。allof后面接的名词前一定要有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词修饰限定，且of可以省略，排除C选项，所以A选项正确。7.【答案】Don’ttouchthosewiresunderanycircumstances.8.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干询问‘这篇文章主要讨论什么?’。文章前两段介绍了一种被广泛接受的一个理论，即戏剧是从仪式演变而来的。在最后一段还介绍了两种有关戏剧起源的不同理论，一个是认为戏剧起源于人类对讲故事的兴趣，另一个将戏剧的起源追溯到舞蹈。所以全文围绕着“戏剧的起源”这一主题展开，A选项‘戏剧的起源’正确。2.细节事实题。题干询问‘作者在第一段中讨论了戏剧的哪些方面?’。根据文章第一段中的最后一句“Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.随着时间的推移，一些仪式被废弃了，但这些后来被称为神话的故事流传下来，为艺术和戏剧提供了素材。”确定作者在文章第一段讨论了神话和戏剧情节之间的关系，所以C选项‘神话和戏剧性情节之间的联系’正确。3.细节事实题。题干询问‘以下哪一项不被提及为戏剧和仪式的共同元素?’。根据文章第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戏剧是由仪式演变而来的人也认为，这些仪式包含了戏剧的种子，因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎总是被使用。”确定A‘舞蹈’、B‘服装’和C‘音乐’都有提及，D选项的“巫术”没有提及，符合题意。4.词汇题。题干询问‘第2段下划线的“considerable”一词在意义上最接近…’。“considerable”出现在文章第二段第三句话中，修饰名词“importance重要性”，句意是‘由于在仪式的制定过程中避免错误的发生受到了……重视，宗教领袖通常承担这项任务。’根据“avoidingmistakes避免错误”以及“religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask通常是宗教领袖来承担该项任务”可以确定B选项‘大量的’。正确5.推理判断题。题干询问‘根据这篇文章，仪式和戏剧的主要区别是什么?’。根据第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戏剧是由仪式演变而来的人也认为，这些仪式包含了戏剧的种子，因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎总是被使用。”确定A选项‘仪式用音乐，而戏剧不用’不正确。B项“宗教仪式比戏剧短”与C项“宗教仪式相比戏剧有更少的表演者”在文中没有提及；根据倒数第二段中“Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.最终，这种戏剧性的表现形式从宗教活动中分离了出来。”确定D项“宗教仪式有一个宗教目的，而戏剧没有”正确。9.【答案】D【解析】词组辨析。attheexpenseof“以……为代价”；attheriskof“冒着……的危险”；inthewayof“妨碍，关于……的方面”；atthemercyof“受……支配”。句意：很明显，这个小杂货商受他债主的支配。因此选项D符合题意。10.【答案】Thismovieisnotpopularinallofthepeople.11.【答案】D【解析】语法（定语从句）题。分析题目可知，空白处填入的词语是引导定语从句，修饰先行词grounds,所以排除A选项和B选项。因为连接词which在从句中作介词宾语，所以前面需要一个介词，D选项正确。12.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问‘下列哪个陈述最能描述第一段的结构?’。文章在第一段的第一句指出了几十年前存在的一个看起来非常“明显的”事实。下一句用However一词表示内容发生了转折。表示近年来的研究表明这一曾经看起来非常‘明显的’事实其实是假的。”在这之后便就近年来的研究结果进行说明。所以A选项‘提出了两种截然不同的观点。’正确。2.细节事实题。题干询问‘根据这篇文章，城市居民…曾经是一个普遍的信念’。根据文章第一段中第一句“modemsocietyhaschangedpeople'snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokinandneighbors,andsubstitutedintheirplacesuperficialrelationshipswithpassingacquaintances.现代社会改变了人们的自然关系，放松了人们对亲属和邻居的责任，取代了他们与泛泛之交的肤浅关系。”确定B选项‘不能发展长期的关系’正确。3.细节事实题。题干询问‘城市生活的后果之一就是邻里之间缺乏人情味的关系…’。根据文章第三段中第二句“Ifneighborsarestrangerstooneanother,theyarelesslikelytosweepthesidewalkofanelderlycouplelivingnextdoororkeepaneyeoutforyoungtroublemakers.如果邻居彼此都是陌生人，他们就不太可能去扫住在隔壁的老夫妇的人行道，也不太可能留意年轻的捣乱分子。”确定C选项‘让他们不关心彼此’正确4.推理判断题。题干询问‘从文章中可以推断，一个社区越大…’。根据文章最后一段中第五句“Large-cityurbanitesarealsomorelikelythantheirsmall-towncounterpartstohaveacosmopolitanoutlook,todisplay