学术英语(理工)详解答案-Unit-3

1学术英语(理工)详解答案-Unit-323UnitContents1Preparingforlisteningtoalecture2Payingattentiontotheintroduction3Understandingtheideasthroughexamples4Followingalecturethroughsignalwords5MemorizingthepointsbytakingnotesUnit3

ListeningtoLectures41PreparingforlisteningtoalectureUnit3

ListeningtoLectures5Unit3

ListeningtoLectures1PreparingforlisteningtoalectureTipsbeforelisteningtoalecture:Findoutthetopicofthelecturetobedelivered.2)Researchthetopicbyreadingtherelatedsourcesortheassignedreadings.3)Familiarizeyourselfwiththesubjectandlistoutquestionsifpossible.4)Sortoutsubject-specificwordsandtermsthelecturemayuse.6Unit3

ListeningtoLectures1PreparingforlisteningtoalectureTipsbeforelisteningtoalecture:5)Checkthemeaningsandpronunciationsofthetermsandwords.6)Bringlooseleafpaperorspiralboundnotebooks.Orbringalaptopifyouprefertotakenotesonitandiftheroomissetupwithamplepoweroutletsandspace.7Unit3

ListeningtoLectures1Preparingforlisteningtoalecture1Whatarethedefinitionsofthefollowingterms?1)CO2:2)ozonelayer:isagreenhousegaswhichplaysamajorroleinglobalwarmingandanthropogenicclimatechange.Itisalsoamajorsourceofoceanacidificationwhichdissolvesinwaterformingcarbonicacid.isalayerinEarth’satmospherecontainingrelativelyhighconcentrationsofozone(O3).8Unit3

ListeningtoLectures1Preparingforlisteningtoalecture1Whatarethedefinitionsofthefollowingterms?3)greenhouse:4)methane:isastructurewithdifferenttypesofcoveringmaterials,suchasaglassorplasticroofandfrequentlyglassorplasticwalls;itheatsupbecauseincomingvisiblesolarradiationfromthesunisabsorbedbyplants,soil,andotherthingsinsidethebuilding.isthesimplestalkane,themaincomponentofnaturalgas,andprobablythemostabundantorganiccompoundonearth.Therelativeabundanceofmethanemakesitanattractivefuel.9Unit3

ListeningtoLectures1Preparingforlisteningtoalecture1Whatarethedefinitionsofthefollowingterms?5)KyotoProtocol:6)deforestation:isaprotocoltotheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCCorFCCC),aimedatfightingglobalwarming.istheremovalofaforestorstandoftreeswherethelandisthereafterconvertedtoanonforestuse.10Unit3

ListeningtoLectures1Preparingforlisteningtoalecture1Whatarethedefinitionsofthefollowingterms?7)chlorofluorocarbon:8)polaricecap:isanorganiccompoundthatcontainsonlycarbon,chlorine,hydrogenandfluorine,producedasavolatilederivativeofmethaneandethane.isahighlatituderegionofaplanetornaturalsatellitethatiscoveredinice.11Unit3

ListeningtoLectures1Preparingforlisteningtoalecture2Whatistherelationshipbetweencarbondioxide,greenhousegasesandthethinningozonelayerwithglobalwarming?Carbondioxideisagreenhousegas.Burningoil,coalandfossilfuelsleadstoasharpincreaseinthegreenhousegaswhichbuildupandcondense,formingathickgaslayerofcarbondioxide.Thisgastrapsheatfromthesunanddestroystheozonelayer,thelayerwhichprotectstheEarthfromharmfulradiation,causingglobalwarming.12Unit3

ListeningtoLectures1Preparingforlisteningtoalecture3Howmanyfactorsaffectglobaltemperature?Whatarethey?ManyfactorsaffecttheEarth’stemperatureonaglobalscale.Themainfactorsaresolaroutput,orbitalvariationvolcaniceruptions,andpollutingeffectofhumanactivities.13Unit3

ListeningtoLectures1Preparingforlisteningtoalecture4Whatarethepotentialeffectsofglobalwarming?Theeffectsofglobalwarmingmaybephysical,ecological,socialoreconomic.Evidenceofobservedclimatechangeincludestheinstrumentaltemperaturerecord,anincreaseofextremeweatherevents(suchashurricanes,earthquakes,volcanoes,andlandslides),risingsealevels,decreasedsnowcoverintheNorthernHemisphere,massanimalextinctionsandhumanmigrations.142Payingattention

totheintroductionUnit3

ListeningtoLectures152PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3

ListeningtoLecturesAlectureoftenbeginsintwoways:TellinganinterestingstoryorananecdoteIntroducingthepointstobecoveredinthetalkdirectly162PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3

ListeningtoLecturesPatternsthespeakertendstousetointroducetheirideas:1)

Tostartwith,I’lltalkabout…ThenI’lldiscuss…Afterthat,we’lllookat…I’llfinishbygivingasummaryof…2)

InthefirstpartI’llexplain/talk…Theninthesecondpart,Iwillpresent/examine/analyze…172PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3

ListeningtoLectures1Topic:Content:ComputerEthicsTheproperethicalbehaviorofcomputerusers2Topic:Content:Dyslexia---LearningProblemsTheanalysisofthecausesofdyslexiaanddoctor’sexplanationofit

Readthefollowingintroductionsoftwolecturesandguessthetopicandcontentofeachofthem.182PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3

ListeningtoLectures1Howdoesthelecturerintroducehistopic?A.Byprovidingupdatesonclimatecrisis.B.Byshowingpicturesofpollutedbeach.C.Bypresentingsomedreadfuldisasters.D.Bystatingtheimportanceofrenewableenergy.Answer:AWatchthevideoclipofLecture10andanswerthefollowingquestions.192PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3

ListeningtoLectures2Whatisthelecturer’sattitudetowardefficiencyandconservation?A.Heisstronglynegativeastheyarecostly.B.Theyareunrealisticgoalsthatareoutofreach.C.Theyareeffectivebutnotthemostdesirablemeans.D.Theyareprofitableunlessthereismassiveinvestment.Answer:CWatchthevideoclipofLecture10andanswerthefollowingquestions.202PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3

ListeningtoLectures3Whatdoesthelecturersayaboutcarsandtrucks?A.Theyarethemostefficienttransportation.B.Theycauselessglobalwarmingpollutionthanbuildings.C.ThestandardsofcarsandtrucksintheU.S.arethebestintheworld.D.CCSincarsandtrucksisavailableforustousefossilfuelssafely.Answer:BWatchthevideoclipofLecture10andanswerthefollowingquestions.212PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3

ListeningtoLectures4Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasthewaytotackleglobalwarming?A.Livingacarbon-neutrallife.B.Raisingpublicawarenessoftheproblem.C.Startingfromhomeinreducingemissions.D.Refusingtodobusinesswiththoseinvolvingcarbon.Answer:DWatchthevideoclipofLecture10andanswerthefollowingquestions.222PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3

ListeningtoLectures5Accordingtothelecturer,whatistheroleofpoliticsinthereductionofpollution?A.Ithelpsreduceclimatecollapsetoclimatecrisis.B.Forbipartisanconflicts,politicsplayapassiverole.C.Iturgescorporationstoreducecarbonemissionsbylaw.D.RepublicansaremoreactiveandinfluentialthanDemocrats.Answer:CWatchthevideoclipofLecture10andanswerthefollowingquestions.232PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3

ListeningtoLectures1Whatproblemdoesthelecturerintendtoaddressinthislecture?

Thewaystodoabouttheclimatecrisis.2Accordingtothelecturer,whatisthenewtemperaturerecordinJanuary?

Thirtyonedegrees.WatchthevideoclipofLecture10againandanswerthefollowingquestions.242PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3

ListeningtoLectures3Whatsuggestionsdoesthelecturermakeaboutcarsandtrucks?

Hesuggeststhatweshouldraisethestandardsintransportationefficiencyandcontinuethedevelopmentofrenewable.4Accordingtothelecturer,whatcanbusinessmandotorelievetheproblem?Integrateclimatesolutionsintoinnovationsandinvestsustainably.WatchthevideoclipofLecture10againandanswerthefollowingquestions.252PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3

ListeningtoLectures5Accordingtothelecturer,whatshouldacatalystofchangedo?

Heshouldteachothers,learnaboutclimatecrisisandtalkaboutit.6WhatdoesthelecturerurgeDemocratsandRepublicanstodo?Worktogethertobringcoherencetoalleffortsandcapcarbondioxideemissions.WatchthevideoclipofLecture10againandanswerthefollowingquestions.263Understandingthe

ideasthrough

examplesUnit3

ListeningtoLectures27Unit3

ListeningtoLecturesSignalwordsthatyoushouldpayattentionto:forexampleforinstancethefollowingexample(story/incident)illustrates/demonstrates…suchasasinthecaseofagoodcaseinpoint3Understandingtheideasthroughexamples283UnderstandingtheideasthroughexamplesUnit3

ListeningtoLectures1Whydoesthelecturermentionhisdaughter’sconfrontationandstrongemotion?

Tointroducehistopicandraisetheawarenessabouttheseriousnessofglobalwarming.2WhatdothetwoWal-Martstoriesexemplifyrespectively?

Oneistoillustratethepowerofcompaniesinaddressingglobalwarmingandtheotheristoillustratetheroleofindividualsinthismatter.WatchthevideoclipofLecture11andanswerthefollowingquestions.293UnderstandingtheideasthroughexamplesUnit3

ListeningtoLectures3WhydoesthelecturerdrawacomparisonbetweentheBraziliangovernmentandAmericangovernment?

ToillustratetheimportanceofpolicyinreducingCO2.4Whatisthefourthorfinallessonthatthelecturerlearnsabouttheclimatecrisis?

Thepotentialofradicalinnovation.WatchthevideoclipofLecture11andanswerthefollowingquestions.30Unit3

ListeningtoLectures1Wal-Marthasoneoftheworld’smostamazingsupplychains,

suppliers.WhenWal-Martachieves

energyreductions,that’sgoingtobeaverybigdeal.2Onehundredmillioncompactfluorescentlightbulbsmeansthatwe’llsave

inenergybills,and

ofCO2everyyear,yearinandyearout.Completetheblanksandtablewithwhatyouhear.3Understandingtheideasthroughexamples60,00020percent600milliondollars20milliontons31Unit3

ListeningtoLectures3Completetheblanksandtablewithwhatyouhear.3Understandingtheideasthroughexamples29,000700+2inCalifornia85%5%BrazilTheU.S.Ethanolpumps

Flex-fuelcarsinthreeyears32Unit3

ListeningtoLectures4InBrazil,

ofthegasolinehasbeenreplacedwithethanolinautomotivefleet,whichhassaved

dollarssince1975andof

CO2.That’s

oftheCO2emissionsacrosstheentirecountry.Brazilisonly

oftheworld’sCO2emission.Completetheblanksandtablewithwhatyouhear.3Understandingtheideasthroughexamples40%59billion32milliontons10%1.3%33Unit3

ListeningtoLectures1Whatdidthelecturerandhispartnersdoafterthetalkwithhisdaughter?

Theytraveledaroundtolearnmoreaboutclimatecrisisandassembledanetwork.2WhatarethethreebiggestusesofenergyinWal-Mart?Heatingandairconditioning,lightingandrefrigeration.WatchthevideoclipofLecture11againandanswerthefollowingquestions.3Understandingtheideasthroughexamples34Unit3

ListeningtoLectures3Whatarethereturnsofusing100millioncompactfluorescentlightbulbs?

Saving600milliondollarsinenergybillsandcuttingdown20milliontonsofCO2everyyear.4Accordingtothelecturer,whatcanindividualsdotosolvetheclimatecrisis?Theycanchangetheirbehaviors,forexample,shoppingbehaviors,togogreen.WatchthevideoclipofLecture11againandanswerthefollowingquestions.3Understandingtheideasthroughexamples35Unit3

ListeningtoLectures5WhatdidBobEpsteinsuggestattheendofthefirstmeeting?

Setupamarket-basedsystemofmandatestocapandreducegreenhousegasesinCalifornia.6Whatarethetragicproblemandthebreakthroughtechnologythelecturerusestoexemplifythepotentialofradicalinnovation?Malariaandsyntheticbiology.WatchthevideoclipofLecture11againandanswerthefollowingquestions.3Understandingtheideasthroughexamples36Unit3

ListeningtoLectures7Whatisthelecturer’sattitudetowardthecurrentinvestmentinR&D?

Hethinksitisfarfromenough.8Accordingtoscientists,whatdoweneedtodotostabilizeclimate?

Reducegreenhousegasemissionsbyonehalfanddoitasfastaspossible.WatchthevideoclipofLecture11againandanswerthefollowingquestions.3Understandingtheideasthroughexamples374Followinga

lecturethrough

signalwordsUnit3

ListeningtoLectures38Unit3

ListeningtoLectures1Signallingtopic

TodayI’mgoingtotakeupthesubjectof...2Signallingstructure

Nowletusconsider...3Signallingashift

Now,let’smoveonto...4Signallingexplanation

WhatImeanis...Thatistosay...4FollowingalecturethroughsignalwordsSignpostlanguage39Unit3

ListeningtoLectures1illustration2cause

3effect

comparisonconditioncontrastlistingclassificationsummary4FollowingalecturethroughsignalwordsTransitionallanguagesimilarly,likewisetoconclude,inbriefif,unless,assumingthatasaresult,soforinstance,inparticularonefeatureisdueto,owingadditionally,furthermorehowever,nevertheless404FollowingalecturethroughsignalwordsUnit3

ListeningtoLecturesA.___________________________________；

B.___________________________________；

C.___________________________________；WatchthevideoclipofLecture12andfillintheblanksfollowingthedirectionofthecues.someclimatechangethingsintheocean

sealevelriseoceanwarming414FollowingalecturethroughsignalwordsUnit3

ListeningtoLectures2A.__________________________；

B.__________________________；WatchthevideoclipofLecture12andfillintheblanksfollowingthedirectionofthecues.naturalcauseshuman-inducedcauses424FollowingalecturethroughsignalwordsUnit3

ListeningtoLectures3A.__________________________；

B.__________________________；WatchthevideoclipofLecture12andfillintheblanksfollowingthedirectionofthecues.sedimentsintheRossSeaoceanacidificationsedimentscarriedoutbyicehaveaniceshelfoverheadwhilethosethatneedsunlightdonot434FollowingalecturethroughsignalwordsUnit3

ListeningtoLecturesWatchthevideoclipofLecture12andfillintheblanksfollowingthedirectionofthecues.5inthisregion,theiceshelfmeltedbackandformedagaininourrecentpast6intheamountofsunlightthere,causedbynaturalchanges444FollowingalecturethroughsignalwordsUnit3

ListeningtoLectures1〕thedissolutionofcarbondioxideintothesea

2〕A.________________________________；

B.________________________________；WatchthevideoclipofLecture12andfillintheblanksfollowingthedirectionofthecues.amajorlossofmarinebiodiversity,especiallycarbonateorganisms.8caporlimitCO2emissionsassoonaspossibletoprotectoceansthestressonsomephysiologicalprocesses454FollowingalecturethroughsignalwordsUnit3

ListeningtoLecturesWatchthevideoclipofLecture12againandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Interdisciplinaryway.2.Thelackofconcernabouttheoceans.3.Becauseclimatechangeiscausedbybothnaturalandhuman-inducedcauses.4.Drillintotheseabedtorecoversedimentstoseeclimatechange.464FollowingalecturethroughsignalwordsUnit3

ListeningtoLecturesWatchthevideoclipofLecture12againandanswerthefollowingquestions.5.TheiceintheRossSearegionisdynamic,whichleadstotheriseandfallofsealevel.6.Becausetheyareinstrumental-qualityrecordersoftemperaturechange(Becausetheyrecordtemperaturechangeofhundredsofyears).475Memorizingthe

pointsbytaking

notesUnit3

ListeningtoLectures485MemorizingthepointsbytakingnotesUnit3

ListeningtoLecturesWatchthevideoclipofLecture13andtakenotes.Thenanswerthequestionsaccordingtoyournotes.Worse→norain→cropsnotgrow→starve→uncertainty→unrest↓energypris,↓poverty,2↓2.CO2→warm