大学英语六级改革适用阅读-试卷202

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）-试卷202（总分：60.00,做题时间：90分钟）一、ReadingComprehension（总题数：6，分数：60.00）PartIIIReadingComprehension（分数：10.00）解析：SectionC（分数：10.00）解析：Memoryappearstobestoredinseveralpartsofthelimbic边缘的）systemofthebrain,andanyconditionthatinterfereswiththefunctionofthissystemcancauseamnesia.Agingisafrequentcause.Ashumansadvanceinage,theheart,saction,aswellasthewallsofbloodvessels,change.Itisthoughtthattoolittlebloodreachingbraincells,andsometimesthelackofcertainnutrients,causesthedeathofsmallportionsofthebrain.Oldmemoriesandnewonesarekeptindifferentportionsofthebrain,andmanyolderpeoplecanrecalleventsthattookplaceyearsbeforewhilebeingunabletorememberwhattheyateattheirlastmeal.Aninabilitytostoreorlearnnewinformationmayalsooccurwithadvancedage.Severaldegenerative退化的）diseasesofoldagecancauseprofoundamnesia.Primarilyinoldermen,transient暂时的）globalamnesiacausesseverelossofmemoryforminutesorhours.Thisisaprogressiveconditionaboutwhichlittlecanbedone.Alcoholismisanotherleadingcauseofamnesia.Manyheavydrinkerscannotrecalltheeventsofthetimewhentheywereintoxicated.Inalcoholismoflongduration,thegradualdeteriorationofbraincellstakesplace,andmemorycanbecomepermanentlyconfused.Injuriestotheheadoftenresultinamnesiaforthetimejustbeforeandjustafteranaccident.Astheinjuryheals,memorygraduallyreturns.Tumorsorothergrowthinthebrainthataffectthelimbicsystemcanalsocauseamnesia,whentreatmentofthegrowthissuccessful,theamnesiaiscured.Classicamnesiamaybedescribedastheconditionofanotherwisehealthypersonwho"wakesup"inastrangeplaceunabletorecallhisname,wherehecamefrom,orwhereheisgoing.Itisinterestingtonotethatsuchaperson,however,retainsknowledgeoflanguageandsocialcustoms.Thiskindofamnesiaisprobablyduetoemotionalstressandiscalledhystericalamnesia.Itoccurswhensomeeventisseenassoshamefulorwhenproblemsbecomesooverwhelmingthatthepersonconcernedisunabletofacereality.Instead,completeamnesiadevelops.Hystericalamnesiaistreatedthroughpsychotherapyandsometimestheadministrationofdrugssuchassodiumamobarbital,whichcausesapersontotalkfreely.Cluestothepastmayappearunderthesedation,andthepsychotherapistcanusethesetoprod（促使）thememoryofthepatient.（分数：10.00）（l）.Accordingtothepassage,theformingofamnesiaismostcloselyrelatedto.（分数：2.00）A.oldageB.useofdrugsC.damageofbrainVD.lackofnutrients解析：解析：第1段首句提到，任何影响大脑边缘系统功能的状况都可能造成健忘症。第2段提到的引起健忘症的原因，如酒精中毒、边缘系统的脑部肿瘤，都是因为脑受损，因此本题答案为C。文中提到年龄的增长和某些营养成分缺乏是为了说明二者都会引起脑的部分组织死亡，从而导致健忘，其根源还是脑受损，故排除A、D项。B与末段提到的药物有关，但那是用于治疗健忘症的，故也排除。.Evendoctorscandolittleabout.（分数：2.00）A.amnesiacausedbybraincellslackingbloodB.oldpeople,sinabilitytostoreorlearnnewinformationC.oldpeople,samnesiacausedbydegenerativediseasesVD.lossofmemoryforminutesorlongertime解析：解析：第1段最后三句介绍了由老年生理退化引起的健忘症，倒数第二句开头的Primarily表明该句描述这种健忘症“主要的”表现；末句表明这种状况会逐渐加重，人们对此无能为力，句中this指的就是这种健忘症，因此C正确。A、B、D都与题干不相关，故排除。.Memorymayneverreturnwhen.(分数：2.00)A.onedevelopslong-termalcoholismVB.onegetsinjuredtotheheadC.onehastumorsinthebrainD.onegetsaffectedinthelimbicsystem解析：解析：第2段第3句讲到，长期酗酒使大脑细胞逐渐衰退，可能造成永久性的记忆混乱。其中permanently与题干中的neverreturn相对应，由此得出答案为A。根据文章内容，B、C、D造成的健忘症是可以治愈的。.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethathystericalamnesiamay.(分数：2.00)A.developintocompleteamnesiaifnotcuredB.bederivedfrompsychologicalproblemsVC.resultinthepatient,sshamefulemotionD.causethelossoflanguageability解析：解析：末段第3句表明癔症性遗忘症(hystericalamnesia)很可能是情绪压力造成的，即属于心理问题，因此B为本题答案。该段第5句表明失忆如果不是由心理问题引起的话，就会形成彻底性遗忘症，由此可见A不正确；C是引起hystericalamnesia的原因而不是结果；D中的“失去语言能力”无原文根据。.Whenapatientisundertheadministrationofdrugs,.(分数：2.00)A.hecooperatesfullywiththepsychotherapistB.hismemorywillberecoveredsoonC.hisemotionalstresswillbeeliminatedD.hetalksaboutthepastwithoutreservationsV解析：解析：末段倒数第2句句末指出，服用药物的作用是使病人自由倾诉。最后一句又讲到在药物的镇静作用下可以找到与过去有关的线索，由此可见D正确。其他三项都无原文依据，故排除。Womenwhodrankthreeormorecupsofcoffeeadaywere30percentlesslikelytohavememorydeclineatage65thanwhosewhodrankonecuporlessdaily.Andthebenefitincreasedwithage.Womenoverage80whodrankthreeormorecupsofcoffeeadaywereabout70percentlesslikelytohavememorydeclinethanthosewhodrankonecuporless,theresearcherssaid.Caffeinatedteahadthesameeffectinthewomen,thestudyfound,althoughmorewasneededtogetthesamecaffeineboost."Countroughlytwocupsofteaforacupofcoffee,"saidstudyleaderKarenRitchieofINSERM,theFrenchNationalInstituteforHealthandMedicalResearch.Buttheresearchersdidn,tfindasimilarlyprotectiveeffectinmen,althoughotherstudieshavefoundabenefittomales.Howmightcaffeinehelpwardoffcognitivedecline?"Itisacognitivestimulant,"saidRitchie.Italsohelpstoreducelevelsoftheproteincalledbetaamyloidinthebrain,shesaid,"whoseaccumulationisresponsibleforAlzheimer,sdiseasebutwhichalsooccursinnormalaging."Ritchiesaidshewasn,tsurewhymeninthestudydidn,tbenefitfromcaffeine."Ourhypothesisisthateitherwomenmetabolizecaffeinedifferentlythanmen,ortheremaybeaninteractionofthecaffeinewiththesexhormones,theestrogen-progesteronebalance,"shesaid.TheFrenchstudyconfirmspreviousresearch,saidWilliamScott,professorofmedicineattheUniversityofMiamiMillerSchoolofMedicine,whohasresearchedcaffeine,sbeneficialeffectsagainstParkinson,sdisease,alsoaneurodegenerativedisorder.Asforcaffeineonlyprotectingwomen,Scottnotedthatjust2,800ofthe7,000studyparticipantsweremen,andtheresultsmighthavedifferedifmoremenwereincluded.AstudypublishedinFebruaryintheEuropeanJournalofClinicalNutritionlookedat676healthymenandfoundthatregularcoffeedrinkershadalowerrateofcognitivedeclineovera10-yearfollow-upthanthosewhodidn,tdrinkcoffee.Thosewhodrankthreecupsdailyhadtheleastsignsofdecline.BothScottandRitchieagreedthatmorestudyisneeded.Ritchie,sresearchwillnextlookattherelationshipbetweencaffeineandAlzheimer's.（分数：10.00）.Asitisindicatedinthefirstparagraph,howdoescoffeeinfluencewomen,smemory?（分数：2.00）A.Theolderthewomanwas,themoreremarkablehermemorywas.B.Themorecoffeethewomandrank,themoreslowlyhermemorydeclined.C.Theolderthewomanwas,themoreslowlyhermemorydeclined.VD.Themorecoffeethewomandrank,themoreremarkablehermemorywas.解析：解析：首段第2句概括了该段的主要内容，句中的benefit指的是记忆衰退的减缓。因此本段内容为：年龄越长，记忆衰退就比同龄人越慢，即C。本段关注的是咖啡影响记忆的衰退程度，而非咖啡是否能增强记忆，A、D（记忆力的好坏）在本段并未论及；虽然本段对比了喝三杯或更多咖啡的女性与喝一杯或更少的女性的记忆衰退程度，但这并不意味着咖啡喝得越多越好，因此B、D中的themorecoffeethewomandrank这个前提不正确，故两项均错。.Whatistrueaboutcaffeinatedtea?（分数：2.00）A.Itaffectedwomen,smemoryinthesamemannerascoffee.VB.Itinfluencedwomen,smemoryaseffectivelyascoffee.C.Itboostedwomen,smemoryinthesamerateascoffee.D.Itcontainedthesameamountofcaffeineascoffee.解析：解析：第2段首句中的thesameeffect与上一段提到的benefit所指相同，故本句表明含咖啡因的茶和咖啡以同样的机制影响女性的记忆衰退程度，选A。第2段首句中although引出的让步状语从句表明咖啡的作用比茶明显，因此B不正确，这样看来，D（茶和咖啡含有同量的咖啡因）也是不正确的；C针对的是增强记忆，而非其衰退程度，不符合文章的论点，也不正确。.AccordingtoRitchie,Alzheimer,sdiseaseisresultedfrom.（分数：2.00）A.thelackofcaffeineinthebrainB.theaccumulationofbetaamyloidVC.highlevelofproteinsinthebrainD.abnormalmetabolisminnormalaging解析:解析:第4段末句中的betaamyloid…whoseaccumulationisresponsibleforAlzheimer'sdisease表明B为本题答案。本题根据Ritchie和Alzheimer,s定位原文后，答案就不难找到。.WilliamScottwouldmostprobablyagreethatcaffeinehelped.（分数：2.00）A.reducetheriskofAlzheimer,sdiseaseB.retardtheprocessofcognitivedeclineVC.balancetheproductionoffemalehormonesD.protectbothmenandwomenfromdiseases解析：解析：第6段首句开头的TheFrenchstudyconfirmspreviousresearch表明斯科特认同了法国人的研究结果，即咖啡因能减缓记忆衰退，因此本题选B。第4段提及咖啡因可以降低导致老年痴呆症的0淀粉酶的水平，但要注意的是，该段末也有提及老年痴呆症在正常的老化过程中也会出现，这意味着老年痴呆症也可能与B淀粉酶无关，那么，对于不是由B淀粉酶引起的老年痴呆症，咖啡因就不起作用了，强干扰项A的说法过于片面，可排除。.Whatwastheauthor,sattitudetowardstheresearchofcaffeine,sbeneficialeffectonmen?（分数：2.00）A.Doubtful.B.Convinced.C.Matter-of-fact.VD.Cautious.解析：解析：本文是作者对一项研究结果的客观引述，没有涉及作者的个人态度，因此作者对文中任何观点话题的看法都只是持旁观者中立的态度，故选C。其他选项都具有积极或消极的词义色彩，不表明中立的态度，故均不能选。Googlemustbethemostambitiouscompanyintheworld.Itsstatedgoal,"toorganizetheworld）sinformationandmakeituniversallyaccessibleanduseful,"deliberatelyomitstheword"web"toindicatethatthecompanyisreachingforabsolutelyallinformationeverywhereandineveryform.Frombookstohealthrecordsandvideos,fromyourfriendshipstoyourclickpatternsandphysicallocation,Googlewantstoknow.Tosomepeoplethissoundsuplifting,withpromisesoffreeaccesstoknowledgeandhelpinmanagingourdailylives.Toothers,itissomewhatlikeanotherBigBrother,nolessfrighteningthanitstotalitarian极权主义的）ancestorsforbeingintheprivateinformation.RandallStross,ajournalistattheNewYorkTimes,doesagoodjobofanalyzingthisunboundedambitioninhisbook"PlanetGoogle".OnechapterisaboutthehugedatacentersthatGoogleisbuildingwithaviewtostoringallthatinformation,anotheraboutthesetsofrulesattheheartofitswebsearchandadvertisingtechnology,anotheraboutitsapproachtoinformationboundinbooks,itsvisionforgeographicalinformationandsoforth.HeisathisbestwhenexplaininghowGoogle,smissioncasuallybutfatallysmashesintolong-existinginstitutionssuchas,say,copyrightlaworprivacynorms.Andyet,it,spuzzlingthathemostlyomitsthemostfascinatingcomponentofGoogle,itspeople.Googleiswhatitisbecauseofitstwofounders,SergeyBrinandLarryPage,whoseethemselvesaskindlyelitesandembodythelimitlessoptimismaboutscience,technologyandhumannaturethatisnativetoSiliconValley.Theworldisperfectible,andtheyaretheoneswhowilldomuchoftheperfecting,providedyouletthem.BrinandPagesetouttocreateacompanyandanentirecultureintheirimage.Fromthestart,theyprofessedthattheywouldinnovateasmuchinmanaging—rewarding,feeding,motivating,entertainingandeventransporting（viaWi-Fi-enabledfreeshuttlebuses）theiremployees—astheydoininternettechnology.IfGoogleisindangerofbecomingacaricature（讽刺画），thisisfirstapparenthere—intheover-engineeredday-carecenters,theShiatsumassagesandkombuchateas（康普茶）.InrealityGooglersareaspronetopowerstruggleandofficepoliticsasanyoneelse.NoneofthatmakesitintoMrStross,account,whichattimesreadslikeadiligentsummaryofnewsarticles.Atthosemoments,"PlanetGoogle"takesarisksimilartotryingtoboardaspeedingtrain:theGooglestorychangessofastthatnobookcanstayuptodateforlong.Evenso,asoberdescriptionofthismomentinGoogle,squestiswelcome.EspeciallysinceGooglefullyexpects,asitschiefexecutive,EricSchmidt,saysattheendofthebook,totake300yearscompletingit.（分数：10.00）.BydescribingGoogleasa"BigBrother",peoplethinkthatGoogle.（分数：2.00）A.isapioneerinITindustryB.isaninvaderofprivacyVC.breaksitspromiseoffreeaccessD.overestimatesitsowninfluence解析：解析：首段末句讲到，Google像是另一个BigBrother,其干涉私人信息的惊人程度丝毫不亚于其极权主义的先辈，由此可知，谷歌侵犯了人们的隐私，故答案为B。第4句提到Google免费获取知识的承诺，但没讲到它违背承诺，故C错误；A和D缺乏原文依据。.AccordingtoRandallStross,Google,sinfluenceoncopyrightlaworprivacynormsis.（分数：2.00）A.inevitableB.undeniableC.long-lastingD.unintentionalV解析：解析：第2段末句讲到，谷歌的使命虽是漫不经心地，但却给予长期存在的制度习俗带来致命的打击，例如版权法和隐私规范。D“非故意的”与句中causally"偶然地”意思相近，为本题答案。选项C与句中long-existing意思接近，但它描述的是institutions，故排除。.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofSergeyBrinandLarryPage?(分数：2.00)A.TheyarethemostcrucialcomponentofGoogle.B.Theyaredeliberatelyomittedinthebook"PlanetGoogle".C.TheybringSiliconValleythemostadvancedscienceandtechnology.D.Theyarethepersonswhoneverstoppursuingabetterworld.V解析：解析：第3段提到了谷歌创始人SergeyBrin和LarryPage。末句讲到，世界是可以变得完美的，而他们正是能够为这个完美做很多事的人，如果你允许他们做的话。由此推断D正确。A中的crucial与原文fascinated不符；两位创始人在书中被省略是事实，并非作者的想法，排除B；C无原文依据。(4).WhatdoweknowabouttheGoogleemployeesinreality?(分数：2.00)A.Theyintrigueagainsteachotherintheoffice.VB.Theyareallhard-workingandtalented.C.Theyappreciatethemanagingtechniques.D.Theyfeelencouragedbythecompany,sbenefits.解析：解析：第4段末句讲到了现实中谷歌的员工。其中的powerstruggleandofficepolitics表明其员工在办公室会勾心斗角，A中的intrigue“耍阴谋”与该句子意思吻合，为本题答案。(5).Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying)"PlanetGoogle,takesarisksimilartotryingtoboardaspeedingtrain"?(分数：2.00)A.PlanetGooglewillbeindangerifitstaysuptodateforlong.B.PlanetGooglehavetotake300yearstocatchthespeedingtrain.C.TheboardofGooglewelcomesRandallStrosstocoverGooglestory.D.Awrittenbookcanonlycoveralittlepartoftheon-goingtechnology. V解析：解析：末段第2句冒号后的内容对这句话作了解释：因为谷歌的故事变化太快，以至没有哪本书能长期地使内容保持最新。由此可推断，书籍是无法涵盖所有快速发展的科技，D符合文意。A中的indanger无原文依据；B中的300years只是谷歌老板所希望的事情，与题意无关；C中的board“董事会”误读其在原文的意思，它在原文中作动词，意为“登上”。Insuchachanging,complexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecomecomplicated.Manyoflife,sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers,friendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.Wheretoturnforexpertinformationandhowtodeterminewhichexpertadvicetoacceptarequestionsfacingmanypeopletoday.Inadditiontothis,thereisthegrowingmobilityofpeoplesinceWorldWarn.Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Thealmostunconsciousflowofinformationaboutthesimplestaspectsoflivingcanbecutoff.Thus,thingsoncelearnedsubconsciouslythroughthecasualcommunicationsoftheextendedfamilymustbeconsciouslylearned.Addingtosocietalchangestodayisanenormousstockpileofinformation.Theindividualnowhasmoreinformationavailablethananygeneration,andthetaskoffindingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicated,time-consumingandsometimesevenoverwhelming.Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhichenablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhaseverbeenpossiblebefore.Computertechnologymakesitpossibletostorevastamountsofdatainmachine-readablefiles,andtoprogramcomputerstolocatespecificinformation.Telecommunicationsdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessagesviatelevision,radio,andveryshortly,electronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmultitudesofmessages.Satelliteshaveextendedthepowerofcommunicationstoreporteventsattheinstantofoccurrence.Expertisecanbesharedworldwidethroughteleconferencing,andproblemsindisputecanbesettledwithouttheparticipantsleavingtheirhomesand,orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.Technologyhasfacilitatedthesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryofinformation,thusmakingmoreinformationavailabletomorepeople.Inthisworldofchangeandcomplexity,theneedforinformationisofgreatestimportance.Thosepeoplewhohaveaccurate,reliableup-to-dateinformationtosolvetheday-to-dayproblems,thecriticalproblemsoftheirbusiness,socialandfamilylife,willsurviveandsucceed."Knowledgeispower"maywellbethetruestsayingandaccesstoinformationmaybethemostcriticalrequirementofallpeople.（分数:10.00）.Manyoflife,sproblemspeopleencountertodayaretheresultofthefactthat.（分数：2.00）A.theymovefarawayfromeachotherB.theyhavedifficultysecuringtheneededinformationVC.theylacktheconfidenceofobtainingreliableinformationD.theydon,tknowhowtocommunicatewithothersnow解析：解析：根据第1段最后一句“到哪里寻求专家的建议以及如何确定接受哪一种专家建议，成了目前许多人面临的问题”，可知现在很多