2022年江苏省扬州市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)

2022年江苏省扬州市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Itisthedriver'sresponsibilitytomakechildrenuruler14wearseatbeltsif______.

2.

Fastfood,Disney,andpopmusicwillchangetheworldinthesamewayasPlatoandShakespearehave.

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3.

Becauseeachclassweteachhasitsown______,CLTwillvaryeachtimeweemployit.

4.Bullying(欺凌弱小者)atSchool:TacklingtheProblem

A.Abroaddefinitionofbullyingiswhenastudentisrepeatedlyexposedtonegativeactionsofthepartofoneormoreotherstudents.Thesenegativeactionscantaketheform.ofphysicalcontact,verbalabuse,ormakingfacesandrudegestures.Spreadingrumorsandexcludingthevictimfromagrouparealsocommonforms.Bullyingalsoentailsanimbalanceinstrengthbetweenthebulliesandvictim,whatexpertscallanasymmetricpowerrelationship.

B.Bullyingamongschoolchildreniscertainlyaveryoldphenomenon,thoughitwasnotuntiltheearly1970sthatitwasmadetheobjectofsystematicresearch.ThoughthisresearchoriginallyfocusedonScandinavia,bythe1980sbullyingamongschoolchildrenhadattractedwiderattentionincountriessuchasAustralia,Canada,Japan,theNetherlands,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.

C.Thesurveysofmorethan150,000studentsshowthatsome15%ofpupilsinelementaryandlowersecondary/juniorhighschools,roughlycorrespondingtoages7to16,inScandinaviaareinvolvedinbully/victimproblemswithsomeregularity--eitherasbullies,victimsorboth.Approximately9%arevictims,and7%bullyotherstudentswithsomeregularity.Arelativelysmallproportion(15%-20%)ofthevictimsarethemselvesbulliesofotherpupils.Thesefiguresprobablyunderestimatetheproblem,andthereareindicationsthatthelevelofbullyinghasrisenoverthelast10--15years.Moreworrying,itisthemorefrequentandsevereformsofbullyingthathaveincreasedmost.

D.Scandinaviaisclearlynotthestablerockofpeaceandcalmitisoftenportrayedtobe.Still,bullyingmaybemoreprevalentinothercountries.Forexample,oneBritishstudyofover6,700studentsshowsthatmorethanaquarter(27%)ofprimaryschoolstudentsreportedbeingbulliedwithsomeregularity;thisfigurewas10%forsecondaryschoolstudents.Withregardtobullyingotherstudents,correspondingfigureswere12%forprimaryand6%forsecondaryschoolstudents.

E.Thesearetherawdata,butwhataboutthebackground?Thereisconsiderableresearchliteratureonthecharacteristics,familybackgrounds,long-termoutcomesforvictimsandbullies,mechanismsandgroupprocessesinvolved.Fundamentally,bullyinghastobeseenasacomponentofmoregenerallyantisocialandrule-breakingbehavior.Inotherstudies,some35%to40%ofboyswhowerecharacterizedasbulliesinGrades6to9(ages13to16)hadbeenconvictedofatleastthreeofficiallyregisteredcrimesbytheageof24.Incontrast,thiswastrueofonly10%ofboyswhowerenotclassifiedasbullies.Inotherwords,formerschoolbullieswerefourtimesmorelikelythanotherpupilstoengageinrelativelyseriouscrime.

F.Thereareseveralcommonassumptionsaboutthecausesofschoolbullyingforwhichthereisnosupportingevidence.Theyincludeclaimsthatbullyingisaconsequenceoflargeclassorschoolsizes,orofthecompetitionforgradesandotherpressuresthatschoolgenerates.Anothercommonassumptionisthatunderatoughsurfacebullies,infact,sufferfrompoorself-esteemandinsecurity.Theseviewsarenomoreaccuratethanthestereotypethatstudentswhoarefat,red-hairedandwearglassesareparticularlylikelytobecomevictimsofbullying.

G.Inreality,otherfactorsaremoreimportant.Certainpersonalitycharacteristicsandtypicalreactionpatterns,combinedwiththelevelofphysicalstrengthorweaknessinthecaseofboys,canhelptoexplainthedevelopmentofbullyingproblemsinindividualstudents.Atthesametime,environmentalinfluences,suchasteachers'attitudes,behavior.andsupervisoryroutinesplayacrucialroleindeterminingtheextenttowhichtheseproblemswillmanifestthemselvesinaclassroomoraschool.

H.

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5.

Detractorsofculturalimperialismthinkthatculturaldominationendangers______.

6.

ThequickdevelopmentoftheInternetleadstomoreofficespacesavailable.

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7.

Whendidhydroelectricpowerwasuniversallyconsideredasanenvironmentallysafeandcleanmeansofelectricitygenerator?

A.Around250BC.

B.In1982.

C.Inthemiddle.yearsof20thcentury.

D.Untilonlyrecently.

8.

Inadditiontotheone-yearpostdocatWashingtonUniversity,Freelandrunsawebsiteforphysicists______.

9.WhatdoesMargaretHartEdwardssayaboutemployees'romanceintheoffice?

A.Itismorallywrongandmustbebanned.

B.Itposesapotentialriskforthecompany.

C.Itshouldnotbeinterferedasahumanright.

D.It'sbettertogopublicforthesakeofemployees.

10.

ManycriminalsinEnglandweresentto______becausetheywerenot"goodcitizens".

11.

HawalaBanks,becauseof______hasbeenatargetfordrugsdealersasawaytomovetheirmoneyaround.

12.

Ifyouaredoingacademicreadinginyourlibrary,you'readvised______.

A.tohitoverstuffedcouchesandchairstoproduceideas

B.touseoverstuffedcouchesandchairsforarefreshment

C.nottouseoverstuffedcouchesandchairs

D.nottostuffcomfortablecoachesorchairs

13.HomeIsWheretheHurtIs

Beingforcedintoflighttotallydisruptsthelivesoftheinternallydisplaced,exactlyasitdoestorefugees.Butunlikemanyrefugees,theworld'smillionsofinternallydisplacedpersonsoftenhavenowheretoturn.Theyremaintrappedinthesameunsafeenvironmentfromwhichtheytriedtoflee.Insituationsofinternalstrife(冲突),bydefinition,theciviliangovernmentfunctionspartiallyornotatall;andthecivilianpopulationisignoredortreatedwithhostilitybybothsides.

AdefinitionsubmittedtotheU.N.CommissiononHumanRightsdefinestheinternallydisplacedas"personsorgroupsofpersonswhohavebeenforcedtofleetheirhomesorplacesofhabitualresidencesuddenlyorunexpectedlyasaresultofarmedconflict,internalstrife,systematicviolationsofhumanrightsornaturalorman-madedisasters,andwhohavenotcrossedaninternationallyrecognizedStateborder.”

Today,thereareanestimated30millioninternallydisplacedpeopleintheworld—doublethenumberofrefugees.Inmanyplaces,theyareallbutforgottenbytheinternationalcommunity.

AlthoughtherearefewrefugeesinLatinAmerica,thereareupto3millioninternallydisplacedpersonsintheregion,includingasmanyas480,000inPeruand6,000,000inColombia.Inbothcountries,acombinationofpoliticalandsocio-economicfactors,suchasexcessivelyunequalincomedistribution,drug-traffickingandheavyinvolvementofthearmyinthepoliticalscene,haveresultedinhighlevelsofviolenceandaclimatethatfostershumanrightsabuses.Whethermanifestedasanongoingconflictbetweenthearmedforcesandthearmedopposition(thecaseofPeru),oraconstantarmedstrugglebetweenrebelandparamilitarygroups(thecaseofColombia),violencehascausedthedisplacementofhundredsofthousandsofruralpeasantsandnativepeople.Theinternallydisplacedoftenleadaverystableexistence,andtheyarehighlygratefulforanyonewhopaysattentiontotheirplight(averybadsituationthatsomeoneisin).

Delia,ofPeru'sAshaninkapeople,hasbeendisplacedforthepasteightyears.Now,homelessandhelpless,Deliaandherpeoplehavetodependonthegoodwillandcharityoftheirremoterelativesandoftheoccasionalnon-governmentalorganization(NGO).IthasbeenastruggleforDelia,whohastriedtoobtainbettereducationfacilitiesforthechildrenandtopromotesmallhandicraftsprojects.Andshetriestoshieldhercommunityfromthesurroundingconflictbyopposinganyinvolvementwiththearmedopposition,orwiththerondas(acivildefenseunitthatfightsagainsttheSendero).Thisneutralposition,inthecontextoftheconflict,isnotapopularonewitheitherside.Totheirwayofthinking,oneiseitheraRonderooraSendero;thereisnomiddleroad.

Womenhavebeenthedrivingforceineffortstomaintainsomesemblance(伪装)ofnormallifeinthePeruvianAndes.There,hundredsofthousandsofpeople,mostlyQuechuaspeakers,weredisplacedoverthelast10years.Husbandswere"disappeared"orkilled,andsonshadtojointhearmy.Thewomenhadtogathertheirchildrenandfleetourbancenters.wheretheycouldmeltintothepoverty-strickenanonymityofashantytown(以临时搭盖的陋屋为主的地区).Nowtheyliveinshackswithnowater,noelectricityandnosewagesystem.Thechildrengetlittleschoolingandspendlongdaysplayinginthedirt.Povertydiseaseandunemploymentmakelifenearlyintolerable.Butdisplacedwomenhavenotbeenidle.Theyhaveorganizedsoupkitchens,"mothers'clubs"andhandicraftassociationstosupporteachotherandimprovelivingconditions.Irma,oneofthewomenwetalkedwiththinksthatsoonsheandhersisterswillbeabletogobackhome."Butwe'dlikeourgovernmentandtheworldtogiveusahand,"shesaid.

Despitethemanyhardships,

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14.

Whendohighheadpowerplantsusesurpluselectricitytotransferwatertoasecondreservoir?

A.Inthemorning.B.Atnoon.C.Intheafternoon.D.Atnight.

15.

Overthepast20years,retailsalesinChinahaveincreasednearly______everyyear,tosome＄628billionin2004—makingitthethird-largestmarketonearth.

16.TheGeodesicDome(圆顶屋)--theHouseoftheFuture?

R.BuckminsterFullerspentmuchoftheearly20thCenturylookingforwaystoimprovehumanshelterbyapplyingmoderntechnologicalknow-howtoshelterconstruction,makingsheltermorecomfortableandefficient,andmoreeconomicallyavailabletoagreaternumberofpeople.

Afteracquiringsomeexperienceinthebuildingindustryanddiscoveringthetraditionalpracticesandperceptionswhichseverelylimitchangesandimprovementsinconstructionpractices,Fullercarefullyexaminedandimprovedinteriorstructureequipment,includingthetoilet,theshower,andthebathroomasawhole.Hestudiedstructureshells,anddevisedanumberofalternatives,eachlessexpensive,lighter,andstrongerthantraditionalwood,brick,andstonebuildings.

In1944,theUnitedStatessufferedaserioushousingshortage.GovernmentofficialsknewthatFullerhaddevelopedaprototypeoffamilydwellingwhichcouldbeproducedrapidly,usingthesameequipmentwhichhadpreviouslybuiltwar-timeairplanes.Theycouldbe"installed"anywhere,thewayatelephoneisinstalled,andwithlittleadditionaldifficulty.WhenoneofficialflewtoWichita,Kansastoseethishouse,whichBeechAircraftandFullerbuilt,themanreportedlygasped,"MyGod!Thisisthehouseofthefuture!"

Soon,unsolicitedcheckspouredinfrompeoplewhowantedtopurchasethisnewkindofhouse,butFullerwasneverabletogetitintofullproduction.Thiswasduetomanyobstaclessuchasonlyunioncontractorswereabletohookthehousesuptowater,powerandsewersinmanycities.However,becausethehouseswerealreadywiredandhadtheplumbinginstalledbytheaircraftcompany,manyconstructiontradeunionsmadeitclearthattheywouldnotworkonthehouses.Therewerealsoin-housedifferencesbetweenFullerandthestockholders.Fullerdidnotfeelthehousedesignwascomplete;therewereproblemshewantedtofix.Butthestockholderswantedtomoveahead.However,themainobstructionwasobtainingthefinancingforthetoolingcosts,whichwerepurposefullynotincludedinthenegotiationswithinvestors.Nobankwouldfinancetheprojectwithunionproblemsandstockholderbattles.

Afterthewar,Fuller'seffortsfocusedontheproblemofhowtobuildashelterwhichissolightweightthatitcanbedeliveredbyair.Sheltershouldbemobilewhichwouldrequiregreatbreakthroughsintheweight-reductionofthematerials.Technologywouldhavetofollownature'sdesignasseenbythespider'swebwhichcanfloatinahurricanebecauseofitshighstrength-to-weightratio.NewshelterwouldhavetobedesignedthatassimilatestheseprinciplesandthatwasFuller'sintent.

OneofthewaysBuckminsterFullerwoulddescribethedifferencesinstrengthbetweenarectangleandatrianglewouldbeapplypressuretobothstructures.Therectanglewouldfoldupandbeunstablebutthetrianglewithstandsthepressureandismuchmorerigid--infactthetriangleistwiceasstrong.Thisprincipledirectedhisstudiestowardcreatinganewarchitecturaldesign,thegeodesicdome,basedalsouponhisideaof"doingmorewithless".Fullerdiscoveredthatifasphericalstructurewascreatedfromtriangles,itwouldhaveincomparablestrength.

Thesphereusesthe"doingmorewithless"principleinthatitenclosesthelargestvolumeofinteriorspacewiththeleastamountofsurfaceareathussavingonmaterialsandcost.Fullerreintroducedtheideathatwhenthesphere'sdiameterisdoubleditwillquadrupleitssquarefootageandproduceeighttimesthevolume.

Thespherical(球形的)structureofadomeisoneofthemostefficientinterioratmospheresforhumandwellingsbecauseairandenergyareallowedtocirculatewithoutobstruction.Thisenablesheatingandcoolingtooccurnatu

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17.

Anti-segregationisalsooneofthecommonthemesofHR.

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18.

Accordingtorecentresearch,______and______arenotinterdependent.

19.Natural-gasVehicles

KermittheFrogoncesaid,"It'snotthateasybein'green."Althoughhewasn'treferringtocars,hisobservationseemsparticularlyappropriatefortheautoindustrytoday:Designing,developingandmarketing"green"carshasnotbeenaneasytask,whichiswhygasoline-poweredvehiclesstillrulethemadandfossilfuelsstillaccountforalmost75percentoftheword'senergyconsumption.Asgasolinesoarandconcernoverharmfulemissionmounts,however,carsthatrunonalternatefuelsourceswillbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Anatural-gasvehicle,orNGV,istheperfectexampleofsuchacar--it'sfuel-efficient,environmentallyfriendlyandoffersarelativelylowcostofownership.

NaturalGasBasics

Theword"gas"isaconfusingtermbecauseitisusedto'describemanydifferentsubstancesthataresimilarbutnotexactlythesame.Forexample,the"gas"youputinyourcarisgasoline,onecomponentofcrudeoil,orpetroleum.Petroleumisadark,stickyliquidmixtureofcompoundsformedundergroundbythedecayofancientmarineanimals.

Naturalgasalsocomesfromthedecayofancientorganisms,butitnaturallytakesagaseousform.insteadofaliquidfrom.Naturalgascommonlyoccursinassociationwithcrudeoil.Itisderivedfrombothlandplantsandaquatic(水生的)organicmatterandformsaboveorbelowoildeposits.Itisoftendissolvedincrudeoilatthehighpressuresexistinginareservoir.Therearealsoreservoirsofnaturalgas,knownasnon-associatedgas,thatcontainonlygasandnooil.

Naturalgasconsistsprimarilyofmethane(沼气)andotherhydrocarbongases.Hydrocarbonsareorganiccompoundscomposedonlyoftheelementscarbonandhydrogen.Thehydrocarbonsinnaturalgasarecalledsaturatedhydrocarbonsbecausetheycontain'hydrogenandcarbonboundtogetherbysinglebonds.

Likegasoline,naturalgasiscombustible(易燃的),whichmeansitcanbeusedinacombustionenginelikegasoline.Butcarsthatcouldburnnaturalgasdidn'tappearonthesceneuntilthe1930s.

FromFieldtoFord

Weextractnaturalgastrappedinundergroundreservoirsbydrillingwellsintotheearth.Amodernwell,equippedwithdiamond-studdeddrillbits,candrilltodepthsapproaching25,000feet.

Throughoutthe19thcentury,theuseofnaturalgasremainedlocalizedbecausetherewasnowaytotransportlargequantitiesofgasoverlongdistances.In1890,theinventionofaleakproofpipelinecouplingmadeitpossibletotransportgasmilesfromthesource.Improvementsinpipelinetechnologycontinuedoverthenexttwodecadesuntillong-distancegastransmissionbecamepractical.From1927to1931,laborersconstructedmorethan10majornaturalgastransmissionsystemsintheUnitedStates,makingnaturalgasaviableenergysourceformanyapplications.Theoilshortagesofthelate1960sandearly1970sbroughtrenewedinterestinnaturalgasasafuelsource,especiallyforautomobiles.

Today,ownersofnatural-gasvehiclescanfilluptheircarsatoneof1,300fuelingstationslocatedintheUnitedStates.Hondaalsooffersapersonalnaturalgaspumptopeoplewhopurchaseitsnatural-gas-poweredCivic.Thepumpusesahome'sexistingnaturalgaslinesandcanbeinstalledfor$500to$1,500.

Natural-gasVehicleDesign

Natural-gasvehiclesusethesamebasicprinciplesasgasoline-poweredvehicles.Inotherwords,thefuel(naturalgasinthiscase)ismixedwithairinthecylinderofafour-storkeengineandthenignitedbyasparkplugtomoveapiston(活塞)upanddown.AlthoughtherearesomedifferencesbetweennaturalgasandgasolineintermsofflamabilityandignitiontemperaturesNGVsthemselvesoperateonthesamefundamentalconceptsasgasoline-poweredvehicles.

Still,somemodificationsarerequired

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20.Whyaresleddogssaidtobephysicalwonders?

A.Becausetheyareraisedbywolves.

B.Becausetheycanstandmostsevereweather.

C.BecausetheyarefastestrunneramongArcticanimals.

D.Becausetheycanbeargoodslikehorsesdo.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(32)

A.Theywilldieout.

B.Theydogoodtoeachother.

C.Theyfocusondifferentnews.

D.Theycompetewitheachother.

22.(16)

A.Thegraduatestudentscouldunderstandthelecture.

B.Theundergraduatestudentscouldunderstandthelecture.

C.Boththeundergraduateandthegraduatestudentsunderstandthelecture.

D.Neithertheundergraduatenorthegraduatestudentscouldunderstandthelecture.

23.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：InAmerica,wherelaborcostsaresohigh,"do-it-yourself"isawayoflife.Manypeoplerepairtheirownears,buildtheirowngarages,evenrebuildtheirownhouses.Soonmanyofthemwillalsobewritingtheirownbooks.InHollywoodthereisacompanythatpublisheschildren'sbookswiththehelpofcomputers.Althoughotherbookcompaniesalsopublishthatway,thiscompanyisnotliketheothers.Itallowsthereadertobecometheleadingcharacterinthestorieswiththehelpofcomputers.Hereishowtheydoit.LetussupposethechildisnamedJenny.ShelivesinNewYork,andhasadognamedHody.Thecomputerusesthisinformationtomakeupastorywithpictures.Thestoryisthenprintedup.Achildwhoreceivessuchabookmightsay,"Thisbookisaboutme,"sothecompanycallsitselfthe"Me-BooksPublishingCompany."

ChildrenliketheMe-booksbecausetheyliketoseeinprinttheirownnamesandthenamesoftheirfriendsandtheirpets.Butmoreimportant,inthiswayreadersaremuchmoreinterestedinreadingthestories.Me-booksarehelpingachildtolearnhowtoread.

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A.Becausetheycandobetterthanothers.

B.Becausetheydon'twanttobehelped.

C.Becauseitisexpensivetohirelabor.

D.Becauseitisdifficulttotrustothers.

24.

【B8】

25.

【B7】

26.听力原文：M:Why,MarySmith.Ihaven'tseenyouforages.Howhaveyoubeen?

W:John,JohnBrown.Ithasbeenalongtime,hasn'tit?Itmustbeatleastayear.

M:No,wetalkedattheJohnson'sChristmaspartylastDecember.Don'tyouremember?

W:That'sright.Well,howareyou?StillworkingfortheJonesandFrenchCompany?

M:No,Ichangedjobsabout3monthsago.I'mwiththeNationalBanknow.Howaboutyou?

W:I'mstillteachingattheuniversity.ButIswitchedfromtheGermandepartmenttotheSpanishdepartment.

M:Don'ttellmeyouspeakSpanish,too.

W:Sure.IgrewupinSpain,youknow.GermanwaswhatIstudiedincollege,butmySpanishismuchbetter.

M:AllI'veevermanagedtolearnisalittleItalian.IcangetapizzainRome,butnotmuchmore.

W:Well,howisyourfamily?Arethechildrenallinschoolnow?

M:No,Billyisstillathome.TomisinthethirdgradeandJane'sinthesecond.Billycouldhavegonetokindergarten,butwedidn'twanthimtostartschooltooearly.Sowe'rekeepinghimoutuntilnextyear.

W:Ourtwochildrenhaven'tstartedschoolyeteither.ButmydaughterSuewillgointhefall,too.Oh,mybusbandjustcamein.Iwanttogoaskhimsomething.I'lltalktoyouagainlater,John.

M:Itwasniceseeingyouagain,Mary.

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A.TheNationalBank.

B.TheSpanishdepartment.

C.TheJonesandFrenchCompany.

D.AcompanyinRome.

27.(29)

A.Thereareonlytwokindsofintelligencetests.

B.Verbalabilityreferstoskillwithwords.

C.AstudentwithahighI.Q.islikelytobeatopstudent.

D.Themostcreativeortalentedpeopledonotalwaysgetthehighestscoresonintelligencetests.

28.

【B4】

29.(25)

A.2:30p.m.B.3:30p.m.C.4:30p.m.D.5:00p.m.

30.听力原文：HenrySmithtaughtscienceattheCitySchool.Oncehewenttoabookstoreandboughtsomebooks,mostofwhichwereexpensiveones.Helefttheminhiscarinaquietstreet.Thenhewentandboughtsomeotherthingsatothershops.At6o'clockhecamebacktothecar.Onewindowwasopen,andthebooksweregone!HenrydrovebacktohishomeonLakeStreet.Thatnighthewrotealettertoanewspaper.Thenextdayhewenttothepolice.OnFridaypeoplereadanadvertisementinthenewspaper:

BOOKWANTED

Haveyouanybooksthatyounolongerwant?Ibuyoldandmodernbooks.OpenalldayonSaturdays.HenrySmith,18LakeStreet.

HenrystayedathomeonSaturday.Hisfirstvisitorcameat8o'clock.Henrytookhimtothekitchen.Athalfpastnine,anothermanarrived.Hehadabagunderhisarm.

"Mr.Smith?"themanasked.

"That'sright,"Henrysaid."CanIhelpyou?"

"Ihavesomegoodbooks.Youbuybooks,don'tyou?"

"Yes,bringthemin.I'llhavealookatthem."

Soonthebookswereonthedining-table."Comeinnow,"Henrycalledout,"andbringthelist."

Apolicemancameintothedining-room.Hereadtheriflesonthebooksandthenthoseonthelistinhishand.Theywerethesame.

"Comewithme,sir,"thepolicemansaidtotheman.

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A.HeboughtthemfromHenry.

B.Heboughtthematabookstore.

C.Hefoundthemlyinginaquietstreet.

D.Hetookthemfromacar.

31.听力原文：W:Couldyoutellmeabitaboutwhyyouwantedtobeadoctorandhowyoufirstgotintothemedicalprofession?

M:Well,you'veaskedaratherstrangepersonaprettystandardquestion.IhappenedtobedoinglanguageformyAlevelatschool,andIdecidedthatIdidn'tthinktherewasagreatdealoffutureinthestudyoflanguages,soIdecidedthatI'dchangeovertosomescientificsubjectthatIfeltmightbeuseful.Andafteragreatdealofdifficulty,gotacceptedatamedicalschool,founditverydifficulttogetgoing,buteventuallysucceededandperfectlyhappy.

W:Soyoumeaneventuallyyouwentinto...er...medicalschooloruniversitywithoutanyAlevelsinscientificsubjects.

M:That'sright.Thefirstmorningthelecturerwroteupsomechemicalformulaontheboard,whichwasthefirstchemistrylectureIhadeverbeento.AsfarasIwasconcerned,shemighthavebeenputtingitupinEgyptianhieroglyphics.Itdidn'tmeanathing.Sothatwasalongtimeago.

W:Soyouhadalotof...sortof...personalindividualworktodotocatchupwitheveryoneelsethen.

M:Yes,itwasveryhard,buttheuniversityIwasat,whichwasSheffield,hadakindofspecialclassforwhatyoumightcall"lameducks"suchasmyself.Andtherewasaretiredwatchmaker.Therewasadentist.Therewereacoupleofnurses--peoplewhohadcometodomedicineinlaterlifehavingtakenupotherthings.SoIthinktheylookedafterthemselveswellandmostofusintheendmanagedtogetthrough.

W:Andyoueventuallyqualified?

M:Yes,whenIqualifiedinSheffieldwaybackin1960,IwasthenactuallysointerestedinthegeneralaspectsofmedicinethatIjoinedaspecialpracticeattheUniversityofManchesterthatwasteachingmedicalstudents,andbeinginvolvedverycloselywiththeacademicsideofmedicalpractice,andfromthenonwentontostudenthealthserviceworkbackinmyformerUniversityofSheffieldandthencamedownheretoReadingtwelveyearsago.

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A.languageteacher

B.Auniversitylecturer

C.Adoctor

D.Anurse

32.听力原文：Massmediaaretoolsofcommunication.Massmediaallowustorecordandpassinformationrapidlytoalarge,scatteredaudience.Theyextendourabilitytotalktoeachotherbyhelpingusovercomebarrierscausedbytimeandspace.Therearevariouswaysinwhichmassmediamakedailylifeeasierforus.First,theyinform.andhelpuskeepawatchonourworld.Theygatherandpassoninformationwewouldbeunlikelyorunabletoobtainonourown.Second，massmediahelpustoarrangeourtimeandlife.Whatwetalkaboutandwhatwethinkaboutaregreatlyinfluencedbythemedia.WhenpeoplegettogethertheytendtotalkaboutcertainhappeningsinthenewspaperoronTV.Becauseweareexposedtodifferingpointsofviewthroughdifferentkindsofmediaeveryday,weareabletoevaluateallsidesofacertainissue.Third，themediaareusedtopersuadepeople.Agoodexampleisadvertisementsthroughthemedia.Newspapers，magazinesandTVarefilledwithallkindsofcolorful,persuasiveadvertisements.Thoughmanyadvertisementsmaynotsayopenlythattheywantyoutobuyacertainproduct,theydescribetheirproductsinsuchawaythatyoumaywanttobuythem.Fourth，themediaalsoentertain.Allofthemediamakesomeeffortstotrytoentertaintheiraudience.Forinstance,eventhoughthenewspaperisprimarilyamediumofinformation,italsocontainsentertainmentfeatures.Television,motionpictures,fictionbooksandsomeradiostationsandmagazinesaredevotedmainlytoentertainment.Itisestimatedthatinthefuture,theentertainmentfunctionofmassmediawillbecomeevenmoreimportantthan