过去完成时态

B5U1ThemassmediaGrammarPastPerfectTense

BYG.ZCONTENTSToexploretherulesToapplytherulesToworkouttherules01020301ToexploretherulesReadtheshortlifestoryofJosephPulitzerandfindthesentencesthatusethepastperfecttense.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.ToexploretherulesReadtheshortlifestoryofJosephPulitzerandfindthesentencesthatusethepastperfecttense.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.Toexploretherules…bythenhehadlearntverylittleEnglish.…bytheageof25,hehadbecomeapublisher.HeusedthesamebusinessstrategyhehademployedattheStLouisPost-Dispatch…Weoftenusethepastperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthathappened(1)________(before/after)apastactionorstate.Theverbformofthepastperfecttenseis“(2)

_________(have/had)done”.beforehadToexploretherulesWeoftenusethepastperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthathappenedbeforeapastactionorstate.PresentFuturePastSimplepasttense(did)?Pastperfecttensehaddone02Toworkouttherules1.常用的时间状语：before，bythen，bythattime，bytheendof，bythetime＋从句如：BytheendoftheholidayIhadspentallmymoney.HehadlearntEnglishfortenyearswhenhegraduatedfromhighschool.2.hardly…when…;nosooner…than…等结构，表示“一……就……”。Wehadhardlysatdowntosupperwhenthephonerang.Nosoonerhadwesatdownatthetablethanthephonerang.Toworkouttherules3.常用于以下固定句型：It/This/Thatwasthefirst/second/...time+that从句，从句中谓语动词常用过去完成时；Itwas+一段时间+since从句，从句中谓语动词常用过去完成时，如：ThatwasthefirsttimeIhadsteppedontoaninternationalstage.tItwasthreeweekssinceHeidihadpaidherlastvisittothegrandmother,Toworkouttherules4.过去完成时有时用来表示没有实现的愿望，主要用于want,hope,intend等词。如：Ihadintendedtohelpyou,butIwastoobusythen.5.如果时间状语由before引导，主句可用一般过去时代替过去完成时；如果时间状语由after引导，after引导的从句可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如：Theboy(had)sleptbeforehisdadcamehome.Hefinishedhisreportimmediatelyafterhe(had)didtheexperience.Toworkouttherules“Whatdoyouwanttobe?”askedMrs.Crawford.“Oh,I______thepresident,”saidtheboy,withasmile.A.havebeen B.am C.was D.willbeToworkouttherulesDShakespeare’splayHamlet______intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.A.hadbeenmade B.wasmadeC.hasbeenmade D.wouldbemadeCItwasthethirdtimethatTom______cheatinginthemathexams.A.havebeencaught B.hadcaughtC.wascaught D.hadbeencaughtToworkouttherulesDExperimentsofthiskind______inboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.A.haveconducted B.havebeenconductedC.hadconducted D.hadbeenconductedDOnhearingthenewsthatherlostdaughter______theexcitedmotherburstintotears.A.werefound B.hasbeenfoundC.wouldbefound D.hadbeenfoundToworkouttherulesB—GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougotothewedding?—No,I______.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?A.wasnotinvited B.havenotbeeninvitedC.hadn’tbeeninvited D.didn’tinviteCWhenshewasatthemiddleschool,sheoftenreadsinthelibrary.

Hesaidhedidn’tseehisuncleformanyyears.Bytheendoflasttermwelearnedabout1,500Englishwords.

LuXunhadspokentotheyouthaboutthestudyoftheforeignlanguage.

YangMeilearnedsomeEnglishbeforeshecametothisschool.Toworkouttherulesreadhadn’tseenhadspokehadToworkouttherulesTellthedifferenceWhenshewasatthemiddleschool,sheoftenreadsinthelibrary.

一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，常与具体的过去时间状语连用(如：ago，yesterday，lastweek，in1989，when引导的过去时间状语从句等)。YangMeihadlearnedsomeEnglishbeforeshecametothisschool.过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态之前，因此它表示的是“过去的过去”。03Toapplytherules“Haveyouseenthefilm？”heaskedme.→Heaskedme______.A.hadIseenthefilm B.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilm D.whetherIhadseenthefilmToapplytherulesD“Pleaseclosethewindow.”hesaidtome.→He______me______thewindow.A.saidto；toclose B.toldto；closingC.asked；toclose D.saidto；pleasecloseCToapplytherulesDirectspeech:直接引述别人的原话，放于引号内Indirectspeech：用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的话不放于引号内02一般疑问句→whether或if引导的宾语从句04祈使句→ask/tell/ordersbtodosth01陈述句→that引导的宾语从句03疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句特殊疑问句→Toapplytherules直接引语Toapplytherules直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去式一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时Toapplytherules IthappenedearlyonaFridaymorning.Tina,asixteen-year-oldgirl,1________(come)toschoolasusual.Butwhensheenteredtheclassroom,she2__________(find)herteacheronthefloor,unconscious.Tinaquicklynoticedthatherteacherwaswearingabraceletwhichsaidshehaddiabetes.Tinaphonedtheemergencyservicesandtoldthemwhatshe3_________(see).AdoctorfromtheAmbulanceService4________(tell)Tinathathe5___________(send)anambulance,butinthemeantimesheshouldlookforaneedlewithinsulinintheteacher’sbag.camefoundhadseentoldhadsentToapplytherules Havingfoundtheneedle,Tinadidwhatthedoctor6___________(tell)her---toinjectherteacherintheleg.Andbecauseshe7_____________(do)everythingshecouldbeforetheambulance8___________(ar