2023学年完整公开课版阅读专题

第一部分高考专题突破专题一阅读理解A(2019·全国卷

Ⅰ·阅读理解B)ForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue，N.Y.，todayisspeechday，andrightnowit’sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8­year­oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes，heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.感悟高考Buthe’snervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christripsonthe“­ld，”

apronunciationdifficultyformanynon­nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher，ThomasWhaley，isnexttohim，whisperingsupport.“...Votefor...me...”Exceptforsomestumbles，Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion，Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants，ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls(回想起)howatthebeginningoftheyear，whencalledupontoread，Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent，”

Whaleyexplains，“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage，tofeelconfidentenoughtosay，‘Idon’tknow，butIwanttoknow.’”Whaleygottheideaofthissecond­gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities，”

Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”1．WhatmadeChrisnervous?A．Tellingastory.

B．Makingaspeech.C．Takingatest. D．Answeringaquestion.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inParagraph2referto?A．Improperpauses. B．Badmanners.C．Spellingmistakes.D．Sillyjokes.3．WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto______.A．helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB．assessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC．preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD．inspirestudents’loveforpolitics4．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A．Humorous. B．Ambitious.C．Caring. D．Demanding.

[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小学教师Whaley通过组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信的教学实践。1．B

细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词nervous可定位到第二段第一句，然后应到前文中找使他紧张的因素。根据第一段中的“...todayisspeechday，andrightnowit’sChrisPalaez’sturn.”和“...heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.”可知，今天是演讲日，现在轮到了Chris，虽然他看起来像那种喜欢在公共场合讲话的孩子，但是他很紧张。由此可知，演讲使Chris紧张。2．A

词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“youshould...should...”以及“...Votefor...me...”这样的语句特点可知，Chris的演讲不流畅，也就是说有不适当的停顿。这是他表现不好的地方，与画线词后的句意“他完成得非常好”构成转折关系，与短语exceptfor的语意相呼应。注意：高考阅读中的熟词生义现象非常关键，例如，如果能够注意到第二段第三句中的trips一词在此语境中的特殊意义(意为“绊倒”)则有助于快速解答此题。3．A

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.”可知，Whaley创办这个项目的目的不仅仅是让学生学会阅读和在公共场合演讲，他还希望学生学会自夸。A项意为“帮助学生看到自己的长处”，与原文意思相符。4．C

推理判断题。文章介绍了Whaley老师通过创办“总统竞选项目”，组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信。根据第二段中的“Histeacher，ThomasWhaley，isnexttohim，whisperingsupport.”和“...Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.”等细节也可看出Whaley老师是一个关心学生的老师。B(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解D)Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学)，Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes，whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens，andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes，breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers，amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell­exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein，aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories：thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays­well­with­othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships，jump­startinterpersonalskillsand，whentappedearly，areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence：statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed，Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool，aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool，are“mostlikelytoengage(从事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”Inonestudy，Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents，scoringtheleastliked，themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(调查研究)．“Wefoundthattheleastwell­likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment，highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate—sharing，kindness，openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion：Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes，butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes，too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage，”

hesaid.5．Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A．Unkind.B．Lonely.C．Generous.D．Cool.6．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theclassificationofthepopular.B．Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C．Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D．Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.7．WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?A．Theyappearedtobeaggressive.B．Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.C．Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.D．Theyperformedwellacademically.8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．BeNice－YouWon’tFinishLastB．TheHighertheStatus，theBetterC．BetheBest－YouCanMakeItD．MoreSelf­Control，LessAggressiveness[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章从社会心理学视角讨论青少年小学与中学阶段的成长经历，论述了个体受欢迎程度这一青少年心理健康话题。

该语篇视角独特，积极倡导和谐的人际关系和人文情怀。5．C

推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词earlyyearsofelementaryschool可定位到第一段第一句“Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool，Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes...”，根据句意和sharing一词可推知，作者上小学的时候是一个慷慨大方的人，故选C项。注意不要受本段后几句话尤其是最后一句话的影响而错选A项，因为那是作者青少年时期的情况。6．A

段落大意题。根据第二段内容以及第二句的句式特点(句中有冒号)，可暂时断定第二句是本段的主旨句。而第三句和第四句分别用Thelikables’．..和Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence...引出后文内容，恰恰就是介绍了受欢迎的两类人：讨人喜欢型和追求地位型。同时我们发现本段第二句中的关键词o...(把……分成……)与A项中的classification相呼应，所以A项可以概括本段大意。7．B

推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中的“Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment”可知，Dr.Prinstein的研究发现，最讨人喜欢的孩子往往适应性强。B项中的adaptable与第四段中的adjustment相呼应。8．A

标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了研究者发现讨人喜欢与积极的人生结果有关，因此A项作为标题最合适。注意A项中的benice与likability，popularity，kindness等词相呼应。BeNice­YouWon’tFinishLast从意义上类似于汉语的“与人为善，于己为善”。这里的finish本义是“获得(名次)；排名”。考情感悟[考题分布]

文体·题型年份

卷别文体题型记叙文议论文应用文说明文细节理解题推理判断题主旨大意题词义猜测题2019全国卷Ⅰ10128511全国卷Ⅱ10128421全国卷Ⅲ011267112018全国卷Ⅰ00137521全国卷Ⅱ01129321全国卷Ⅲ012193212017全国卷Ⅰ20117611全国卷Ⅱ10125622全国卷Ⅲ10126621

[命题分析]高考英语阅读理解题所选材料体裁多样、语言地道、内容丰富、贴近生活、有很强的时代气息。阅读理解文章具有英语语言独有的文化特征，试题信息量大，对考生阅读速度和快速处理信息的能力要求更高。阅读理解的体裁以说明文、记叙文、应用文为主，议论文偶有考查，题型设置以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，兼顾词义猜测题和主旨大意题。细节理解题相对简单，而其他三种题型相对较难，且在题型设置上，推理判断题的难度会适当加大。题型一细节理解题[细节理解题的设问方式]____________1．特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，howmuch/many等疑问词引出的问题。2．判断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOTtrue或EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。3．以“Accordingto...”开头的提问形式。4．填空形式。如Thebiggestchallengeformostmothersisfrom______．题型解读[细节理解题的选项特征]____________正确选项特征干扰选项特征1.同义替换：对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。2.语言简化：把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化。3.正话反说：把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。1.扩缩范围：与文章细节部分吻合，部分相悖。2.无中生有：明显与文章内容不符或没有提及。3.偷梁换柱：符合常识，但不是文章内容。4.张冠李戴：是文章细节，但不符合题干要求或不是要点。5.正误参半：部分正确，部分错误。[细节理解题的解题技法]____________技法一定位比对判细节【典例示范】(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解B)ForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N．Y.,todayisspeechday,andrightnowit’sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8­year­oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe’snervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christripsonthe“­ld，”

apronunciationdifficultyformanynon­nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“...Votefor...me...”Exceptforsomestumbles,_Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.24．WhatmadeChrisnervous?A．Tellingastory.

B．Makingaspeech.C．Takingatest. D．Answeringaquestion.【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的Chris可以回原文找到Chris都是在哪里出现的，然后根据题干中的nervous找到第二段的第一句。很明显，“Buthe’snervous.”中的“he”就是指代的前文中的Chris。综合理解“todayisspeechday,andrightnowit’sChrisPalaez’sturn”和“Buthe’snervous.”两句可得出答案。【答案】

B►技法归纳广告、演出信息、航班时间表等应用文的阅读，不必阅读全文，宜采用“题干定位”法。先看题目，从题干中提取关键信息，采用速读技巧快速定位，仔细比对选项与文中细节，确定答案。技法二同义互释定选项【典例示范】(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解A)Washington,D．C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D．C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld­famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D．C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear!21．Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A．CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D．C.B．WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C．CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D．C.D．WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.【解析】由“Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear！”可知，选择第一条旅行路线需要提前预订，此题考查reserve与bookinadvance同义词互释。【答案】

A►技法归纳细节理解题答案选项的表述通常不是用文章的原话，而是使用与文中词语同义或近义的词语来表达。此类题目相对较难，是容易失分的题型。需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，将确定的文章信息进行加工处理，然后进行进一步的辨别。技法三整合推算得答案【典例示范】(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解A)StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.22．WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A．15～18.B．15～24.C．15～29.D．16～17.【解析】数字细节理解题。根据文中“Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.”可知答案。此题计算不难，但考生忽略的是年龄的范围，没注意到“butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear”的范围限定。【答案】

D►技法归纳从文章中找到包含所需信息的段落，迅速确定关键词，然后重点理解。对于离散的细节理解或数字运算题，需要先找到与之相关的事实或数据，然后进行分析整合。技法四去伪存真辨是非【典例示范】(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解C)Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic­likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.30．Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A．It’llbeenvironment­friendly.B．It’llreachconsumerssoon.C．It’llbemadeofplastics.D．It’llhelpspeeduptyping.【解析】事实细节题。根据最后一句“thekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic­likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.”可知，实现智能键盘商业化很容易，并且其造价并不昂贵，因此研发团队希望在不久的将来能将其投放市场。【答案】

B►技法归纳解答此类细节理解题，首先根据题干中的关键信息和四个选项的内容速览文章，查找与之相关的原文信息句，然后一一对比，找出完全与文章内容相符的选项，并最终确定答案。FestivalofLight,LongleatSafariPark,WiltshireLongleatiscelebratingits50thanniversarythisyear.Giantlanternstaketheshapesofsomeofthepark’sanimals,andtherearealsolotsofcharactersinBeatrixPotter’sbooks,suchasPeterRabbit,JemimaPuddleDuck,SquirrelNutkin,tomarkthe150thanniversaryoftheauthor’sbirth.Thereisalsoa20­metre­highbirthdaycake.·￡27.85，adult/￡

20.65,child/under­threes,free.·15Dec.to2Jan.FestivalofLight,EnchantedPark,GatesheadEnchantedParkisaninteractivewalkthroughSaltwellPark,justsouthofthetowncentre,alongatrail(小径)oflightwithperformancesandsculptures.ThestorybeingtoldisaMidwinterNight’sTale,inspiredbythe400thanniversaryofWilliamShakespeare’sdeath.VisitorscanjoinstoriesandsongswithSanta,andattenddecoratingworkshops.·￡8,adult/￡2,child/under­fours,free.·11－27Dec.ChristmasGlow,RHSGardenWisley,SurreyThegardenisglowingwithgiantlightedflowers.Someofthetreesarebrilliant,too.Theglasshouseisdecoratedlikeagingerbreadhouse,anddisplays(陈列)seasonalplants.Therearelanternsaroundthelake.Thecafeserveshotchocolateandapplejuice.·￡9.90,adult/￡

3.60,child.·20Dec.to2Jan.ChristmasatKewGardens,LondonKewisaspecialplacetovisitatanytimeofthedayoryear,butthefestivelightshowgivesitamagicaltwist,asthemile­longtrailthroughthegardenisdecoratedwith60,000lights.Someofthegarden’soldestandtallesttreesarealsobeautifullylitalongtheway.·￡16,adult/￡10,child/￡48,family/under­fours,free.·24Dec.to2Jan.[语篇解读]本文介绍了英国四个公园各自的特色。1．WhatcanpeopledoinEnchantedPark?A．VisitShakespeare’shouse.B．Listentoawonderfultale.C．Enjoyhotchocolateandapplejuice.D．PlaythepartofSanta.解析细节理解题。根据“FestivalofLight,EnchantedPark,Gateshead”部分中的“ThestorybeingtoldisaMidwinterNight’sTale”可知，人们在“EnchantedPark”可以听故事。故选B项。答案

B2．Whichplacewillattractchildrenwhoarefondoffictionalanimalcharacters?A．LongleatSafariPark.B．EnchantedPark.C．RHSGardenWisley.D．KewGardens.解析细节理解题。

根据“FestivalofLight，LongleatSafariPark，Wiltshire”部分中的“Giantlanternstaketheshapesofsomeofthepark’sanimals，andtherearealsolotsofcharactersinBeatrixPotter’sbooks,suchasPeterRabbit”可知，在LongleatSafariPark中，巨型灯笼以一些动物的形状呈现，并且也有许多BeatrixPotter书中的动物角色，这样会吸引喜欢虚构的动物角色的孩子。故选A项。答案

A3．HowmuchistheadmissiontoKewGardensforMr.Greenandhis3­year­oldkid?A．￡10.B．￡16.C．￡26.D．￡48.解析细节理解题。根据“ChristmasatKewGardens，London”中的“￡16，adult/￡10,child/￡48，family/under­fours，free.”可知，成年人要16英镑，4岁以下的孩子免费，故选B项。答案

B(2019·南昌一模)Traditionally,robotshavebeenhard,madeofmetalandotherrigidmaterial:ButateamofscientistsatHarvardUniversityintheUShasmanagedtobuildanentirelysoftrobot－onethatdrawsinspirationfromanoctopus(章鱼)．DescribedinsciencejournalNature,the“Octobot”couldpavethewayformoreeffectiveautonomousrobotsthatcouldbeusedinsearch,rescueandexploration.“TheOctobotisaminimalsystemwhichmayserveasafoundationforanewgenerationofcompletelysoft,autonomousrobots，”

thestudy’sauthorswrote.Robotsbuiltforprecise,repetitivemovementsinacontrolledenvironmentdon’tdosowellonroughterrain(地形)orinunpredictableconditions.Andtheyaren’tespeciallysafearoundhumans,becausethey’remadeoutofhardandheavypartsthatcouldbepotentiallydangeroustotheirusers.Soresearchershavebeenworkingonbuildingsoftrobotsfordecades.They’vetakeninspirationfromnature,lookingtoanimalsfromjellyfishtocockroaches,whichareoftenmadeupofmoreflexiblematter.Butcreatingacompletelysoftrobotremainsachallenge.Evenifengineersbuildasilicone(硅酮)body,it’sstillagrandchallengetoconstructflexibleversionsofessentialparts,suchasasourceofpower.“Althoughsoftroboticsisstillinitsearlystage,itholdsgreatpromiseforseveralapplications,suchassearchandrescueoperationsandexploration，”

BarbaraMazzolaiandVirgilioMattolioftheItalianInstituteofTechnology’sCenterforMicroBioRobotics,wroteinacomment.“Softrobotsmightalsoopenupnewapproachestoimprovingwellnessandthequalityoflife.”[语篇解读]本文是一篇科普说明文。美国哈佛大学的科学家受到章鱼的启发，制造了软体机器人；这种机器人可以用于搜救、探险等行业，比常规机器人更安全；虽然对软体机器人的开发和研究尚处在早期阶段，但是未来这种机器人将更有助于改善人体的健康状况、提高生活水平。4．What’sthespecialfeatureof“Octobot”？A．It’ssoft.

B．It’smadeofmetal.C．It’sverysmall. D．Itlookslikeanoctopus.解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“TheOctobotisaminimalsystemwhichmayserveasafoundationforanewgenerationofcompletelysoft,autonomousrobots”

可知，“Octobot”是一种可以用作软体机器人基础部件的微型系统。据此可知，“Octobot”的特点是柔软，故A项正确。答案

A5．What’sthedisadvantageoftraditionalrobots?A．They’rehardtocontrol.B．They’retooheavytomove.C．Theycan’tpredictconditions.D．Theycan’tbehavewellallthetime.解析推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，传统机器人无法在崎岖的地形上很好地运行，此外，由于沉重的金属部件，传统机器人可能会对人体产生伤害。据此可知，传统机器人并非总能很好地运行，故D项正确。答案

D6．OneofthebiggestchallengesistobuildOctobot’s______.A．siliconebody

B．complexcomponentsC．precisemovements D．flexiblepowersource解析细节理解题。根据第五段中的第二句“Evenifengineersbuildasilicone(硅酮)body,it’sstillagrandchallengetoconstructflexibleversionsofessentialparts,suchasasourceofpower.”可知，即使工程师利用硅酮制造出了软体机器人的身体，但是制作柔韧性强的关键部件仍然面临巨大的挑战，比如动力来源。据此可知，制造软体机器人最大的挑战之一是柔韧性强的动力来源，故D项正确。答案

D7．What’sthepossibleapplicationof“Octobot”？A．Medicalresearch. B．Liferescue.C．Machineoperation.D．Housecleaning.解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的“Althoughsoftroboticsisstillinitsearlystage,itholdsgreatpromiseforseveralapplications,suchassearchandrescueoperationsandexploration”可知，尽管对软体机器人的开发和研究还处于早期阶段，但它适用于诸如搜索救援和探索等任务，

故B项正确。答案

B题型二推理判断题[推理判断题的设问方式]____________1．细节推理判断题细节推理判断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：·Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______．·Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______．·Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat______.2．观点、态度推理判断题该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：·Theattitudeoftheauthortowardssomebody/somethingis______．·Theauthor’sattitudetowards...canbebestdescribedas______．·Thetoneofthispassageisbestdescribedas______．3．写作意图推理判断题该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：·Themainpurposeofthistextis______．·What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthisarticle?·Itcanbeconcludedthatthepassageismainlywrittenfor______．·Theauthorwritesthispassageto______．·Theauthorinthispassageintendsto______．4．文章出处推理判断题该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：·Thispassagemostlikelycomesfrom______．·Inwhichpartofanewspapercanyoumostprobablyreadthetext?·Wheredoesthetextmostprobablycomefrom?·Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

[推理判断题的选项特征]____________正确选项特征干扰选项特征1.不是文中直接或明确说明的内容，是间接表达出来的，除符合文章主旨外，还符合逻辑，让考生有推敲的余地。2.正确选项大多含义深刻，不是常识选项。1.夸大事实：对于原文中的细节或诊断的某方面进行了夸大处理。2.无中生有：捏造原文并不存在的信息，并以此作为依据进行推理。3.掺入常识：考生已有的常识是正确的，但不是基于文章。4.推理过度：引申过度，使结论过于绝对化。5.以细节代替推断：只是原文简单的复述，而非推断出来的结论。[推理判断题的解题技法]____________技法一逻辑关联得结论【典例示范】(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读理解B)

“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids’lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.24．Whatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinparagraph1?A．Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.B．Sheisn’tgoodatsports.C．Shejustdoesn’twanttovolunteer.D．She’sunabletomeetherschedule.【解析】推理判断题。根据文中的“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”可知，这位家长说如果其他人都不愿意做志愿者的工作，她会做这份工作，作者可以把她当作最后的备选。合理把握其内在关系，理解其真正的含义，我们可以知道其言外之意就是“她不愿意做志愿者的工作”。【答案】

C►技法归纳1．抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理。2．整合全文(段)信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文(段)意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。3．以事实为依据：推断一定要以文章所提供的事实为依据，不能凭空想象，这样才能做出合理的推断。技法二忠于措辞定态度【典例示范】(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解B)ForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N．Y.,todayisspeechday,andrightnowit’sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8­year­oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe’snervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christripsonthe“­ld，”

apronunciationdifficultyformanynon­nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“...Votefor...me...”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls(回想起)howatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent，”

Whaleyexplains,“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay,‘Idon’tknow,butIwanttoknow.’”Whaleygottheideaofthissecond­gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities，”

Whaleysays,“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”27．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A．Humorous.

B．Ambitious.C．Caring. D．Demanding.【解析】推理判断题。本文主要介绍了CanaanElementary二年级老师ThomasWhaley发起一项总统竞选演讲活动，帮助孩子们建立自信，看到自己的优点，由此可推知Whaley老师是一个很有爱心、关心学生的老师。【答案】

C►技法归纳1．注意作者或文中人物的措辞：文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。2．牢记常见有关作者情感态度的词语：(1)表示支持或肯定：positive积极乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；humorous幽默的；enthusiastic热情的；pleasant愉快的。(2)表示中立：indifferent不感兴趣的，漠不关心的；uninterested不感兴趣的；objective客观的；neutral中立的；notmentioned未提及的。(3)表示反对或否定：disgusted憎恶的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；suspicious/skeptical怀疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞成的。技法三文体特点看意图【典例示范】(2018·浙江卷6月·A片段)HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60，000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf­dozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit’salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible－andimportantforourownculture－tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.23．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Torememberagreatwriter.B．TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C．Toencouragestudiesonculture.D．TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.【解析】由题干中的关键信息“theauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext”定位到原文信息句，并标出关键句。从句子“Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible－andimportantforourownculture－tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.”可推知，作者写作本文主要是为了纪念狄更斯200周年诞辰。【答案】

A►技法归纳常见文体的写作特点1．记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开。2．广告类应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。3．说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。4．议论文：提出论点——进行论证——得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。技法四写作思路辨结构【典例示范】(2016·四川卷·D片段)Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight’ssleep.Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff－ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin(褪黑激素),whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.Thestudy,byresearchersfromSeoul,SouthKorea,involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight....Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent,whichhelpspeopletorelax.35．Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Bystatingarguments.C．Byexplainingstatisticaldata.D．Byprovidingresearchresults.【解析】

“supportthethemeofthetext”是题干中的关键信息，由文中的关键句“Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff...Researchershavediscoveredthat‘nightmilk’containsmoremelatonin...Thestudy...involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.”和“Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent...”归纳概括得出答案。【答案】

D►技法归纳1．了解文章通常的写作方法：按事件发展的顺序；按时间的先后顺序；按地点或空间的变换；按内容的总分关系；按人物的活动内容。2．准确