《大学英语》课件 Unit7BChanges in the Way We Live

Unit7

ChangesintheWayWeLiveTextAMR.DOHERTYBUILDSHISDREAMLIFEByProfessorHuangYuehuaCultureNoteTheme------changethewayweliveObjectivesStudentswillbeableto:Graspthemainidea(toleranceforsolitudeandenergymadeitpossibleforthewriter’sfamilytoenjoytheirpleasantbutsometimesharshcountrylife);Appreciatethevarioustechniquesemployedbythewriter(topicsentencesfollowedbysupportingdetails,comparison&contrast,andtheuseoftransitionaldevicesforcoherenceandcohesion,etc.);Haveagoodcommandofthekeylanguagepoints,collocationsandidiomaticphrasesinthetext;Learnsomeculturalinformationthatmayaffecttheirunderstandingofthepassage.

TextAMR.DOHERTYBUILDSHISDREAMLIFEJobstoBeDoneinThisLesson1.Pre-readingQuestions2.Textanalysis3.languageandculturalstudy4.PostReadingQuestionsforComprehensionEnhancement5.HomeAssignmentChangesinOurLivesLifeisfullofchanges.Someofthemareprettyunexpectedchanges;othersaredesignedones.Forexample,Youmaychangeyourjob,ormoveawayfromfamiliarterritory.Thesearechallengestowhichyoucaneitherriseorfall.Yourattitudetowardthisnewsituationisofgreatimportance.Ifyoulookforwardtoitasanadventureandexcitingchallengetotake,andyoutackleeverythingthatcomesyourwaywithasenseofdiscovery,youarecertaintowinintheend,evenifyoudomakesomemistakesinthebeginning.Aslongasyouarewillingtolearn,youcannotgoveryfarwrong.Changerequiresthatyouacceptthingswithwhichyoumightnotbefamiliaratpresent,butwithwhichyoucanbecomecomfortableonceyouareexposedtoit,learnaboutitandperhapsevenparticipateinit.Moreoftenthannot,peoplewhogetboredwiththesamestressfuljobandrepeatedoldlifestylethroughouttheyearsexpectorevenmakesomechanges.Andthat’sprobablywhysomanyguyshoptonewjobsandsomecitydwellersmovetothecountry.MrDoherty,theauthorofthearticlewearegoingtolearnissurelyoneofsuchguys.1.pre-readingquestions

1.Whyareagrowingnumberofcitydwellerswillingtobuyapartmentsorhousesinthesuburbanareasorevenmovetothecountryside?Whydoanoverwhelminglylargenumberoffarmerswanttostartanewlifeinthecities?2.What’syourwayoflivinginparticular?Hasitalwaysbeenthesameorhavetherebeenchangesinit?Iftherehavebeensomechanges,doyouliketheoldwayorthenew.Andwhy?3.Doyouprefercitylifeorcountrylife?Couldyouillustrateyourpointswithsomesoundreasonsandexamples?TextAnalysis1.TextStructureAnalysisInlightofthestory’sdevelopment,thistextcanberoughlydividedintofourparts:

PartOne(Paragraphs1-3):Mr.Dohertygaveuphisjobandlifeintowntopursueadreamlifeonafarm,whichhesoonfoundself-reliant,pleasingandsatisfying.

PartTwo(Paragraphs4-7):Thisdreamlifecouldbehardorevenharshsometimes,whentheyhadn’tlearnedhowtocopewithsomuchfarmworkandfood-processingjobsbesideswriting.

PartThree(Paragraphs8-11):Theembarrassingfinancialconditiontheyhadtofaceuptoandhowtheyfoundwaytogetby.PartFour(Paragraphs12-15):Theauthorandhisfamilymettwobasicrequirementstoenjoythecountrylifetheyhadbeenlongingfor—toleranceforsolitudeandsufficientenergy.2.AGoodtechniqueforComposingaParagraph:Thetopicsentence+alistofsupportingdetails.ReadParagraphs2,5,12and13toseehowthistechniqueworks.languageandculturalstudyIamnotinE.B.White’sclassasawriterormyneighbor'sleagueasafarmer,butIamgettingby.(para1)Paraphrase:Asawriter,I’mfarinferiortoE.B.White,andasafarmer,I’mwaylessskilledthanmyneighbors,butIcanstillmakemylivingthisway,thoughsometimeswithdifficulty.class(n.)adivisionofpeopleaccordingtotheirachievementsinacertainfielde.g.,It’snotfairatalltocomparemyselftohim—I’mnotinhisclass.

Oneusefultechniqueincomposingagoodpieceofwriteistoavoidrepetitionorusingtwiceasignificantword,especiallyadescriptiveoneinoneparagraphatleast.Thewordleagueischosenjustforthispurpose.CulturalNote(1).

Who’sE.B.WhiteElwynBrooksWhite(July11,1899–October1,1985),usuallyknownasE.B.White,wasoneofthemostcelebratedAmericanwriters.HewasacontributortoTheNewYorkermagazineandaco-authoroftheEnglishlanguagestyleguide,TheElementsofstyle,whichiscommonlyknownas"Strunk&White."Healsowrotebooksforchildren,includingCharlotte’sWebandStuartLittle.AnleadingAmericanessayistandliterarystylistofhistime,Whitewasknownforhiscrisp,graceful,relaxedstyle.White'sstoriesrangedfromsatiretochildren'sfiction.Buthewasalsoasensitivespokesmanforthefreedomoftheindividual.Amonghismostenduringessaysis'OnceMoretotheLake.'Charlotte'sWeb

inaclassofone’s/its

own—unequalled,havingnooneornothingthatcancompare,especiallyinexcellenceorperformancee.g.,Asanessayist,E.B.Whitewasinaclassofhisown.league(n.)aclassofqualityorexcellencee.g.,TherecordsaleswouldputtheinthesameleagueasTheRollingStones.inaleagueofone’sown—inaclassofone’sown:“Messiissimplyinaleagueofhisown.Thereisnobodywho’sevenclosetothelevelatwhichheplays,”Valdanosaid.Oneusefultechniqueincomposingagoodpieceofwriteistoavoidrepetitionorusingtwiceasignificantword,especiallyadescriptiveoneinoneparagraphatleast.Thewordleagueischosenjustforthispurpose.getby—managewithdifficultytoliveoraccomplishsth:Youcouldprobablygetbywiththatcomputer,butamorepowerfulonewouldbebetter.Icouldn’tpossiblygetbyon$300amonth.

(P2)It’saself-reliantsortoflife.ThissentenceisthetopicsentenceofParagraphTwo.Atopicsentenceservestointroducethetopicofaparagraphandtheauthor’sattitudetowardsthetopic.Alltherestaresupportingdetailswrittentobackupthepointtheauthorhasmade.Inthisparagraph,alltheothersentencesdemonstratehowtheyleadaself-sustaininglife.Ourhenskeepusineggs,withseveraldozenleftovertoselleachweek.

beleftover—(someofathingorthingslikemoneyorfood)stillremainwhentheresthas/havebeenusedoreaten:Therewassomehamleftoverfromlunch.Ifleftandoverareputtogetherwithoutaspaceinbetweenthem,itbecomesanoun,meaningfoodremainingfromapreviousmeal.leftover(n.)foodremainingfromapreviousmeal:Leftoverscanbekeptforthreetofourdaysintherefrigerator.Besuretoeatthemwithinthattime.Afterthattheriskoffoodpoisoningincreases.(P2,第4句)Andwecutenoughwoodstojustaboutmakeitthroughtheheatingseason.我们还自己动手砍柴，足可供过冬取暖之用。Thetranslationisofferedbythebook’scompiler.Well,I’dsaythistranslationisatleastinaccurateifnotincorrect,forthecompilersmayhaveignoredthephrase“justabout”inthesentence.Whatdoesjustaboutmeanthen?justabout–barely;verynearlyoralmost勉强，近乎Soarecommendedtranslationis,我们砍伐勉强够（或刚好够）冬季取暖用的柴禾。Whydoestheauthoremphasizethis?Well,hedoessobecauseheclearlyknowsthatAmericansareenvironmentallyconscious—theyfeeldisgustediftheyseeorhearsomeonesquandernaturalresources.Lookatsomesentenceswithjustabout.IguessheshouldjustaboutgetbyintheEnglishfinal.我猜他这次英语期末考试也就是刚刚及格吧。Shecouldjustaboutaffordtokeepherfivekids.她勉强能养活5个子女。Hecouldjustaboutseethelittlemanbehindthefrontdesk.他勉强能看到前台后面的那个矮小的男子。WewatchforHawksintheskyanddeerinthecornfields.我们守着看鹰儿飞过上空，看玉米田间鹿群嬉跃。(atranslationofferedbythebook’scompilers）Whydoestheauthorsaytheywatchforhawksinthesky,insteadofwatchthem?Theanswercanbefoundinthedefinitionofthephrasewatchfor.Watchfororwatchoutforsomeoneorsomething—topayattentionsothatyouwillseethemwhentheyarriveorhappen；towaitattentivelyforsomethingorsomeonetocome.Wewatchedfordolphinsjumpingoutthesea.我们专心地守候着海豚跃出海面。Arecommendedtranslationofthesentenceinthetext:我们守候着鹰击长空的英姿，静待着在玉米地里觅食嬉戏的鹿群。(P4)Threemonthsagowhenitwas30below,wespenttwomiserabledayshaulingfirewooduptheriveronasled.Uptheriverdoesn’tmeanclosetotheupperreachesoftheriver.Itsimplymeansalongtheriver’sbushybank,whereonecanalwaysfindplentyoffirewood.haul—1.todragsomething;2.totransportwithavehicleForexample,Thecaptainopenedthedoorwiderandsteppedasidetoallowthetwopoliceofficerstohaulthesuspectintotheoffice.Thevanhauledtheentirefamilytotheirannualvacationdestination.(P4,第5句)SoonJim,16andEmily,13,theyoungestofourfourchildren,willhelpmemakesomelong-overdueimprovementsontheoutdoortoiletthatsupplementsourindoorplumbingwhenweworkoutside.过些时候，16岁的吉米和四个孩子中最小的13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下，那是专为室外干活修建的。HaveyounoticedthereissomethingmissingintheChineseversion?Itis“…thatsupplementourindoorplumbing”Indoorplumbingsimplymeansindoortoilet.Thereasonwhytheauthorusesplumbinginsteadoftoiletisonceagainforavoidingrepetition.Lookatthetwopicturesonthescreenandlearnwhatanindoorplumbingandanoutdoortoiletlooklike.(P5)Sandy,meanwhile,pursuesherowndemandingschedule.Ademandingschedule—afullypackedschedule,averytightorbusyscheduleLookatallthosethingsthatsandyhastodoinaday!It’sevenhardforustobearalloftheminmind,letalonetodealwiththem.WhatalifeforSandy!(P5,最后)Thereis,astheoldsayinggoes,norestforthewickedonaplacelikethis—andnotmuchforthevirtuouseither.astheoldsayinggoes正如老话所说的那样Similarphrasesare:Liketheysay常言道Legendhasitthat…据传说…Thetruemeaningofthesaying,“Thereisnorestforthewicked.”TherestherereferstoSabbathrest（基督教安息日时的休息）TheSabbathrestisnotreferringtostoppingallaction.Itdoesnotmeanthatwelayinbedallday.TheSabbathrestisrestingfromthecaresoftheworld.ChristianmustrestfromeverythingthatdistractsthemfromtheLord.Butthereisnorestforthewicked.Astheydon’tbelieveinGod,theycanseeknorestandpeaceandcomfortintheLord.ThereforeSabbathrestisaprivilegeGodgiveshisfollowers.Thewickedcanneverhavesuchrest.Theauthorconvertedthesayinginto,“Thereis,astheoldsayinggoes,norestforthewickedonaplacelikethis—andnotmuchforthevirtuouseither.”justforkidding.Bysayingthis,heintendstotellusthatinsuchaplace,notonlythewickedcan’thavearest,butthevirtuousmenaswell.(P6)Noneofuswilleverforgetourfirstwinter.Whydidtheauthor’sfamilyfeelthatfirstwinterwassomemorable?WasitbecauseithadbeensnowingrepeatedlyfromDecemberthroughMarchandtheywereburiedunderfivefeetofsnow?No,thefirstwinterwassoimpressivebecausewhileitwasfreezinglycoldoutsidetheirhouse,theykeptwarmandcomfortableinside,enjoyingtheapplestheyhadcollectedfromtheirowntrees.(P8)Thenextyearwegrewevenmorefoodandmanagedtogetthroughthewinteronfirewoodthatwasmostlyfromourowntrees.

Nextyear&thenextyearNextyearmeansthecomingyear明年Thenextyearreferstoayearafteracertaindateinthepastorinthefuture.转年(P8,第3句)Thetimingisterrible.Timing—theskilloractionofjudgingtherightmomentinasituationoractivityatwhichtodosomething.Hisphotoisawonderfulhappymomentcaughtwithperfecttiming.(P8,第4句)Bythen,shawnandamy,ouroldestgirlswereattendingexpensiveIvyLeagueschoolsandwehadonlyafewthousanddollarsinthebank.TheIvyLeagueisanassociationofeightuniversitiesandcollegesinthenortheastUnitedStates,whichhavesimilaracademicandsocialprestige,comprisingBrownUniversity,ColumbiaUniversity,CornellUniversity,DartmouthCollege,HarvardUniversity,PrincetonUniversity,theUniversityofPennsylvania,andYaleUniversity.ThetermIvyLeaguealsohasconnotationsofacademicexcellenceandselectivityinadmissions.BrownUniversityinProvidence,RhodeIsland;2)

ColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCity;3)

CornellUniversityinIthaca,NewYork;4)DartmouthCollegeinHanover,NewHampshire;5)HarvardUniversityinCambridge,Massachusetts;6)

UniversityofPennsylvaniainPhiladelphia;7)

PrincetonUniversityinPrinceton,NewJersey;8)

YaleUniversityinNewHaven,Connecticut.(P9)Therehavebeenafewanxiousmomentssincethen,butonbalancethingshavegonemuchbetterthanwehadanyrighttoexpect.Whatdoesthephrase“afewanxiousmoments”referto?Itreferstothefewdayswhentheycouldhardlymakeendsmeet.(P9)Forvariousstoriesofmine,I’vecrawledintoblackbeardensforSportsIllustrated,hitchedupdogsledracingteamsforSmithsonianmagazine,checkedout…Andwhydoestheauthormentionsomanystoryassignmentsinparagraph9?Dotheysuggestthatheisbusyandtired?No.Theyallservetoshowthatthingshavegonemuchbetterfinancially,forhegetspaidforallthesejobs.(P10)I’mnotmakinganywherenearasmuchmoneyasIdidwhenIwasemployedfulltime,butwedon’tneedasmucheither.Notanywherenearornotanywherecloseto(oftenusedinanegativesentence)—notnearly,notbyagreatdeal相差甚远，远远不够forexample,Thereareothersecurityfirmshere,butnoneofthemareanywherenearaslargeorpowerfulashiscompany.这一带也有其它的保安公司，但在规模和实力上远不如他的公司。Ihavenowherenearenoughmoneytobuyacar.我攒的钱远不够买一辆车的。(P10,第2句)Igenerateenoughincometohandleour$600-a-monthmortgagepaymentsplustheusualexpensesforafamilylikeours.generate—tocreateorproducemoney创收Thephrase“generateincome”suggeststhattheauthordoesnothaveapermanentjob,sohecan’tgethismonthlyincomefromhisboss.Rather,hehastogenerateitbydoingmanytemporaryjobsorsellingfarmproduce.(P10,第3句)Thatincludeseverythingfrommusiclessonsanddentalbillstocarrepairsandcollegecosts.everythingfrom…to…—alargenumberofthingsrangingfrom…to…Forexample,Thelocalstoresellseverythingfromhairribbonstoorientalrugs.Hiscollectionincludeseverythingfrompostalstampsandmatchboxestopaintingsandstatues.(P10,第4句)Whenitcomestoinsurance,wehaveapoorman’smajor-medicalpolicy.Apoorman’smedicalpolicyisaninformalexpression.Itsformaltermislow-incomehealth/medicalinsurancepolicyCulturalNote(2):FourCategoriesofInsuranceMostinsurancefallsintofourmaincategories,accordingtowhatitcovers: 1)propertyandcasualty 2)life 3)healthanddisability 4)old-ageandunemployment

Thefeeyoupayforaninsurancepolicyiscalledpremium(P10,最后1句)Butwearesettingaside$2000ayearinanIRA.IRAistheabbreviatedformofindividualretirementaccount.

IRAisaretirementaccountforanindividualthatpermitsindividualstosetasidemoneyeachyear,withearningstax-defereduntilretirement.(P11)We’vebeenabletomakeupthedifferenceinincomebycuttingbackwithoutappreciablyloweringourstandardofliving.difference—discrepancy,gap差额makeup—makegood(adeficitorlack)forexample,Lessthanhalfofthemoneythatstudentsreceiveisintheformofgrants,andloanshavemadeupthedifference.学生们得到的学费中有不到一半的钱是以助学金的方式提供的，差额由贷款补齐。(P11,第4句)Weeatlessmeat,drinkcheaperwineandseefewermovies.IfyouhavestudiedorworkedinanAmericancity,youmayhavefoundoutinsurprisethatmeatisrelativelycheapcomparedtofruitsandvegetables.Butsincetheauthorlivesasafarmer,andhegrowsfruitsandvegetableshimself,theycosthimnothing,buthestillhastopayforthemeattheyconsume.(P11,最后1句)ExtravagantChristmasareamemory,andwecombinevacationswithstoryassignments…WecouldnolongeraffordluxuriousChristmasnow—theyareonlystoredinourmemory,andwetakeadvantageofmybusinesstripsforourownvacations.(P12)Isuspectnoteveryonewholovesthecountrywouldbehappylivingthewaywedo.suspect(that…)&doubt(that…)suspect(that…)—tobelievetobethecaseortobelikelyorprobableforexample,Thepolicesuspect(that)theattackwascarriedoutbyanimalrightsactivists.警方怀疑这次袭击是由动物权益保护者发起的。doubt(that)—toregardasunlikelyForexample,Idoubtthatwe’llarriveontime.我觉得我们无法按时到达。Shedoubtedthattheaccidentcouldhavebeenavoided.她认为那次事故是难以避免的。(P12,第2句)Ittakesacoupleofspecialqualities.这种生活需要一些特殊的素质。(atranslationofferedbythebook’scompilers)Thecompilershavemisinterpretedthephrase“acoupleof”,whichactuallymeans“two”ratherthansome.Well,howdoIknow?Ifwewanttointroducetwothingstosomeoneelse,forthefirstthing,wewoulduse“one”,andthesecond,theother.Whenintroducingthreethings,oneatatime,tosomeoneelse,forthefirst,westilluseone,butforthesecond,weuseanotherratherthantheother,andforthethird,wesaythelastoneorthethirdone.Whenintroducingfourthingsinasequence,wesayrespectively,one…,another…,andyet/stillanother…,andthelastoneorfourthoneapairof…&acoupleof…pair—1.anobjectcomposedoftwojoinedsymmetricpartsidenticalinsizeandshapethataredependentuponeachother:apairofbinoculars一支双筒望远镜；apairoftrousers;apairofglasses;apairofscissorsApairofpliers一把钳子2.twoitemsidenticalinsize,designandcolorandcorrespondinginshape,madeforthetwocorrespondingpartsofahumanbody：apairofshoes,apairofgloves,apairofbootscouple—1.twopeopleofoppositegenderswhoareinloveormarried:acoupleoflovers2.twoanimalsofoppositesexesthatstaytogetherduringthematingseason:acoupleofcats一对小猫;3.whenreferringtothingsofsimilarsizes,shapesandofthesamekind,couplesimplymeanstwo:acoupleofkeys两把钥匙Ifoundacoupleofshoesunderthebed,buttheydon’tmakeapair.我在床下找到两只鞋，但不是一双。Iftwoidenticalobjectsareoftenusedtogetherandnoonecan’ttellwhichoneisontherightandwhichleft,wecanuseeitherpairorcouple.Forexample,acouple/pairofchopsticks一双筷子；acouple/pairofdice一副骰子(P13)Theotherrequirementisenergy—alotofit.Arequirementofsomethingisaconditionorprerequisiteonehastomeetfordealingwithit.Forexample,Oneoftherequirements

ofthejobisaccuracy.Latinisnolongerarequirementforentrytouniversity.Someone’srequirementsarewhatheneeds.Forexample,Consumerstodaycanordertheirrequirementsonline.Customersareonlysatisfiediftheirrequirementsareconsistentlymet.(P14)Howmuchlongerwe’llhaveenoughenergytostayonhereisanybody’sguess—perhapsforquiteawhile,perhapsnotSomethingisanybody’sguessoranyone’sguessmeansthatnoonecanbecertainaboutwhatisreallytrueornoonecanreallytellwhatwillhappen.Forexample,Justwhentheearthquakewilloccurinthatneighboringcountryisanyone’sguess.(P15)Wedidn’tmovehereprimarilytoearnmon