四六级抢分冲刺0523考研群

PAGEPAGE2Passage第一段：①It’stimetoreevaluatehowwomenhandle atwork.Beingoverworkedor mittedathomeandonthejobwillnotgetyouwhereyouwanttobeinlife.②Itwillonlyslowyoudownandhinderyourcareer第二段：①Didyouknowwomenaremorelikelythanmentofeelexhausted?②Nearlytwiceasmanywomenthanmenages18-44reportedfeeling“verytired”or“exhausted”,accordingtoarecentstudy.第三段：①Thismaynotbesurprisinggiventhatthisistheagerangewhenwomenhavechildren.②It’salsotheagerangewhenmanywomenaretryingtobalancecareersandhome.③Onereasonwomenmayfeelexhaustedisthattheyhaveahardtimesaying“noWomenwanttobeabletodoitall—volunteerforschoolpartiesorcookdeliciousmeals—andsotheiranswertoanyrequestisoften“Yes,Ican.”第四段：①Womenstruggletosay“no”intheworkceforsimilarreasons,includingthedesiretobelikedbytheircolleagues.②Unfortunay,thisinabilitytosay“no”maybehurtingwomen’shealthaswellastheircareer.第五段：①Attheworkce,menuseasawaytopositionthemselves,whilewomenoftenavoid strivetobethepeacemaker,becausetheydon’twanttobeviewedasaggressiveordisruptiveatwork.②Forexample,there’saproblemthatneedstobeaddressedimmediay,resultinginadisputeoverwhoshouldbetheonetofixit.③Menaremorelikelytofacethatdisputefromtheofwhatbenefitsthemmost,whereaswomenmayapproachthesamedisputefromtheofwhat’stheeasiestandquickestwaytoresolvetheproblem—evenifthatmeansngtheboringworkthemselves.第六段：①Thisdifferenceinhandlingcouldbethedecidingfactoronwhogetspromotedtoaleadershippositionandwhodoesnot.②Leadershavetobeabletodelegateandmanageresourceswisely—includingstaff③Shoulderingmoreoftheworkloadmaynotearnyouthatpromotion.④Instead,itmayhighlightyourinabilitytodelegateeffectively.WhatdoestheauthorsayistheproblemwithTheyareoftenunclearaboutthecareergoalstoTheyareusuallymorecommittedathomethanontheTheytendtobeover-optimisticabouthowfartheycouldTheytendtopushthemselvesbeyondthelimitsoftheirWhydoworkingwomenofchild-bearingagetendtofeeldrainedofTheystruggletosatisfythedemandsofbothworkandTheyaretoodevotedtoworkandunabletorelaxasaTheydotheirbesttocooperatewiththeirTheyareobligedtotakeuptoomanyWhatmayhinderthefutureprospectsofcareerTheirunwillingnesstosayTheirdesiretobeconsideredAnunderestimateoftheirownAlackofcouragetofaceMenandwomendifferintheirapproachtoresolvingwork sin womentendtobeeasilymenaregenerallymorementendtoput alinterestswomenaremuchmorereadytoWhatisimportanttoagood TheabilitytoThecouragetoadmitAstrongsenseofPassage第一段：①Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflife.②Itwouldseemsillytocallsuchathinga“disease.”第二段：①Ontheotherhand,scientistsareincreasinglylearningthatagingandbiologicalagearetwodifferentthings,andthattheformerisakeyriskfactorforconditionssuchasheartdisease,cancerandmanymore.②Inthatlight,agingitselfmightbeseenassomethingtreatable,thewayyouwouldtreathighbloodpressureoravitamindeficiency.第三段：①BiophysicistAlexZhavoronkovbelievesthatagingshouldbeconsideredadisease.Hesaidthatdescribingagingasadiseasecreatesincentivestodeveloptreatments.第四段：①“Ituntiesthehandsofthepharmaceutical(制药的)industrysothattheycanbegintreatingthediseaseandnotjustthesideeffects,”hesaid.第五段：①“Rightnowpeoplethinkofagingasnaturalandsomethingyoucan’tcontrol,”hesaid.②“INacademiccircles,peopletakeagingresearchasjustaninterestareawheretheycantrytodevelopinterventions.③Themedicalcommunityalsotakesagingforgranted,andcandonothingaboutitexceptkeeppeoplewithinacertainhealthrange.”第六段：①Butifagingwererecognizedasadisease,hesaid,“Itwouldattractfundingandchangethewaywedohealthcare.②Whatmattersisunderstandthatagingiscurable.”第七段：①“Itwasalwaysknownthatthebodyaccumulatesdamageheadded.②“Theonlywaytocureagingistofindwaystorepairthatdamage.③Ithinkofitaspreventivemedicineforage-relatedconditions.”第八段：①LeonardHayflickaprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFranciscosaidtheideathatagingcanbecuredimpliesthehumanlifespancanbeincreased,whichsomeresearcherssuggestispossible.Hayflickisnotamongthem.第九段：①“There’remanypeoplewhorecoverfromcancer,stroke,orheartdisease.②Buttheycontinuetoage,becauseagingisseparatefromtheirdisease,”Hayflicksaid“Evenifthosecausesofdeathwereeliminated,lifeexpectancywouldstillnotgomuchbeyond92years.”WhatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutItshouldcausenotalarmTheyjustcannotdoanythingaboutItshouldberegardedasakindofTheycandelayitwithadvancesinHowdomanyscientistsviewagingItmightbepreventedandItcanbeasriskyasheartItresultsfromavitaminItisanirreversiblebiologicalWhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof“describingagingasaItwillpromptpeopletotakeagingmoreItwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffectsofIt pharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsaboutItwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreatWhatdowelearnaboutthemedicalTheynowhaveastronginterestinresearchonTheydifferfromtheacademiccirclesintheirviewonTheycancontributetopeople’shealthonlytoalimitedTheyhavewaystointerveneinpeople’sagingWhatdoesProfessorLeonardHayflickThehumanlifespancannotbeAgingishardlyseparablefromFewpeoplecanliveuptotheageofHeartdiseaseisthemajorcauseofPassage第一段：①Forthepastseveraldecades,itseemsthere'sbeenageneralconsensusonhowtogetaheadinAmerica:Getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuyyourownhome.②ButdoAmericansstillbelieveinthatpath,andiftheydo,isitattainable?第二段：①ThemostrecentNationalJournalpollaskedrespondentsabouttheAmericandream,whatittakestoachievetheirgoals,andwhetherornottheyfeltasignificantamountofcontrolovertheirabilitytobesuccessful.②Overwhelminglytheresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandreamandwhatittakestoachieveitlooksquitedifferentthanitdidinthelate20thcentury.第三段：①Byandlarge,peoplefeltthattheiractionsandhardwork—notoutsides—werethedecidingfactorinhowtheirlivesturnedout.②Butrespondentshaddecidedlymixedfeelingsaboutwhatactionsmakeforabetterlifeinthecurrenteconomy.第四段：①Inthelastsevenyears,Americanshavegrownmorepessimisticaboutthepowerofeducationtoleadtosuccess.②Eventhoughtheyseegoingtocollegeasafairlyachievablegoal,amajority—52percent—thinkthatyoungpeopledonotneedafour-yearcollegeeducationinordertobesuccessful.MiguelMaeda,42whohasamaster'sdegreeandworksinpublichealthwasthefirstinhisfamilytogotocollege,whichhasallowedhimtoachieveasenseoffinancialstabilityhisparentsandgrandparentsneverdid.第六段：①Whilesome,likeMaeda,emphasizedthevalueofthedegreeratherthantheeducationitself,othersstillseecollegeasawaytogainnewsandlifeexperiences.第七段：①Sixty-year-oldWillFendley,whohadasuccessfulcareerinthemilitaryandneverearnedacollegedegree,thinks" aldrive"isfarmoreimportantthanjustgoingtocollege.②ToFendley,asenseofdriveandpurpose,aswellasaneffectivehigh-schooleducation,andbasiclifeskills,likebalancingacheckbook,arethenecessaryingredientsforasuccessfullifeinAmerica.ItusedtobecommonlyacknowledgedthattosucceedinAmerica,onehadto anadvancedacademicanambitiontogetafirmbelieftheirasenseofdriveandWhatisthefindingofthelatestNationalJournalpollconcerningtheAmericanMoreandmoreAmericansarefindingithardtoItremainsaliveamongthemajorityofAmericanAmericans'ideaofithaschangedoverthepastfewAnincreasingnumberofyoungAmericansareabandoningWhatdoAmericansnowthinkoftheroleofcollegeeducationinachievingItstillremainsopentoIthasprovedtobebeyondItisnolongerasimportantasitusedtoItismuchbetterunderstoodnowthanHowdosomepeopleviewcollegeeducationtheseItpromotesgenderItneedstobeItaddstoculturalIthelpsbroadentheirWhatisonefactoressentialtosuccessinAmerica,accordingtoWillAdesiretolearnandtoAstrongsenseofAwillingnesstocommitAclearaimandhighPassageDOIN-ClassExamsMakeStudentsStudyResearchsuggeststheymaystudymorebroadlyfortheunexpectedratherthansearchfor①Ihavealwaysbeenapoortest-taker.②SoitmayseemratherstrangethatIhavereturnedtocollegetofinishthedegreeIleftundonesomefourdecadesago.③IammakingmywaythroughColumbiaUniversity,surroundedbystudentswhoquicklysupplytheverbalanswerwhileIamstillprocessingthequestion.①Sincethereisnowayformetoavoidexams,Iamcurrentlyquestioningwhatkindarethemosttaxingandultimaybeneficial.②Ihavealreadysweatedthroughnumerousin-classmidtermsandfinals,andnowIhaveaprofessorwhoissuestake-homeones.③IwasexcitedwhenIlearnedthis,figuringIhadafullweektodotheresearch,readthetexts,andwriteitallup.④Infact,Iwasstillrewritingmymidtermthemorningitwasdue.⑤TosayIhadlostthethreadisputtingitmildly.①AsIwassufferingthroughmyweekofanxiety,overthinkingthematerialandguessingmygraspofit,Ididsomeofmyownpollingamongstudentsandprofessors,DavidEisenbach,whoteachersapopularclassonU.S.satColumbia,prefersthein-classvariety.②Hebelievesstudentsultimaylearnmoreandencouragesthemtoformstudygroups.③“Thatwaytheysocializeoverhistoryoutsidetheclass,whichwouldn’thappenwithoutthepressureofanin-classexam,”heexined.④“Furthermore,in-classexams studentstolearnhowtoperformunderpressure,anessentialworkskill.”①Healsosaysthereislesschanceofcheatingwiththein-classvariety.②In2012,125studentsatHarvardwerecaughtupinascandalwhenitwasdiscoveredtheyhadcheatedonatake-homeexamforaclassentitled“IntroductionToCongress.”③Somecollegeshavewhattheycallan“honorcode,”thoughifyouaresmartenoughtogetintotheseschools,youareeithersmartenoughtogetaroundanycodesorhopefully,tooethicaltoconsiderngso.④AsIsatblockedandcluelessfortwosoliddays,ImomentarilywonderedifIcouldn’tjustcallanexpertonthesubjectmatterwhichIwastackling,orsomeonewhotooktheclasspreviously,togetmegoing. ①FollowingtheHarvardscandal,MaryMiller,theformerdeanofstudentsatYale,madeanimpassionedappealtoherschool’sprofessorstorefrainfromtake-homeexams.②“Studentsriskhealthandwellbeing,aswellasperformanceinotherend-of-termwork,whenfacultyofferstake-homeexamswithoutclear,time-limitedboundaries,”shetoldme.③“Researchnowshowsthatregularquizzes,shortessays,andotherassignmentsoverthecourseofatermbetterenhancelearningandretention.” ①Mostcollegeprofessorsagreethekingofexamtheychooselargelydependsonthesubject.②Atative-basedone,forexample,isunlikelytobesenthome,whereonecouldasktheirolderbrothersandsisterstohelp.③Vocational-typeclasses,suchascomputerscienceorjournalism,ontheotherhand,areoftenmoreresearch-orientedandlendthemselvestotake-hometesting.ChrisKoch,whoteaches“HistoryofBroadcastJournalism”atMontgomeryCommunityCollegeinRockville,Maryland,pointsoutthatreportingisaboutinvestigationratherthanthememorizationofminutedetails.④“Inmyfield,it’snotwhatyouknow—it’swhatyouhowtofindout,”saysKoch.⑤“Thereiswaytoomuchinformation,andmorecomingallthetime,foranyonetoremember.⑥Iwantmystudentstosearchouttheanswerstoquestionsbyusingalltheresourcesavailabletothem.”Students’test-formpreferencesvary,too,oftendependingonthesubjectandcoursedifficulty“Iprefertake-homeessaysbecauseitisthenreallyaboutthewriting,soyouhavetimetoeditanddomoreresearch,”saysElizabethDresserajunioratBarnard.Thenthereisthestressfactor.FrancescaHaass,asenioratMiddlebury,says,“Ifindthein-classonesaremorestressfulintheshortterm,butthereisimmediatereliefasyouswallowinformationlikemad,andthenyougettoforgetitall.⑤Take-homesrequirethoughtfulengagementwhichcanleadtolongertermstressasthereisneveramomentwhenthetimeisup.”⑥Meanwhile,OliviaRubin,asophomoreatEmory,saysshehardlyevenconsiderstake-hometrueexams.⑦“Ifyouunderstandandmaterialandhavetheabilitytoarticulate（说出）yourthoughts,theyshouldbeabreeze.”①Howstudentsultimayhandletestsmaydependontheiraltest-takingabilities.②Therearepeoplealwayswaituntilthelastminute,andmakeitmuchharderthanisneedstobe.③Andthentherearethosewho,notknowingwhatquestionsarecomingatthem,andhavingnoresourcestoreferto,canze.④Andthentherearewerarefolkiswhofitboththosedescriptions.Yesmyadvancedagemustfactorintotheequation等式),inpartbecauseofmyinabilitytoaccesstheinformationasquickly.②AsanotherreturningstudentatColumbia,KateMarber,toldme,“Wearelearningnotonlyallthisinformation,butessentiallyhowtolearnagain.③Ourfellowstudentshavejustcomeoutofhighschool.④Alothaschangedsincewewerelastinschool.”①Ifnothingelse,thesituationhasgivenmycollegesonandmesomethingtoshare.②WhenIaskedhisopiniononthismatter,heresponded,“Ilikein-classexamsbecausethetimeisalready,asopposedtousingmytimeathometoworkonatest,”heresponded.③Itseemstomethatacompromisewouldbereceivingtheexamquestionsadayortwoinadvance,andthenngtheactualtestinclasswiththetickingclockoverhead.①Betteryet,howaboutwhatoneHunterCollegeprofessorreportedlydidrecentlyforherfinalexam:Sheencouragedtheclassnottostressorevenstudy,promisingthat,“Itisgoingtobeapieceofcake.”②Whenthestudentscamein,sharpenedpencilsinhand,therewasnotabluebookinsight.Rather,theysawalargechocolatecakeandtheyeachweregivenaslice.ElderlystudentsfindithardtokeepupwiththerapidchangesinSomebelievetake-homeexamsmayaffectstudents'performanceinotherCertainprofessorsbelievein-classexamsare ymorehelpfultoIn-classexamsarebelievedtodiscouragecheatinginTheauthorwashappytolearnshecoulddosomeexamsatStudentswhoputofftheirworkuntilthelastmomentoftenfindtheexamsmoredifficultthantheyactuallyDifferentstudentsmaypreferdifferenttypesofMostprofessorsagreewhethertogiveanin-classoratake-homeexamdependsonthetypeofcoursebeingTheauthordroppedoutofcollegesomefortyyearsSomestudentsthinktake-homeexamswilleatup PassageAratorpigeonmightnotbetheobviouschoicetotendtosomeonewhoissick,butthesecreatureshave26skillsthatcouldhelpthetreatmentofhumanPigeonsareoftenseenasdirtybirdsandanurban27,buttheyarejustthelatestinalonglineofanimalsthathavebeenfoundtohaveabilitiestohelphumans.Despitehavingabrainnobiggerthanthe28ofyourindexfinger,pigeonshaveaveryimpressive29memory.Recentlyitwasshownthattheycouldbetrainedtobeasaccurateashumanatdetectingbreastcancerinimages.Ratsareoften30withspreadingdiseaseratherthan31it,butthislong-tailedanimalis32Insidearat’snoseareupto1,000differenttypesofolfactoryreceptors（嗅觉感受器,whereashumansonlyhave100to200types.Thisgivesratstheabilitytodetect33smells.Asaresult,someratsarebeingputtoworktodetectTB（肺结核）Whentheratsdetectthesmell,theystopandrubtheirlegsto34asampleisinfected.Traditionally,ahundredsampleswouldtakelabtechniciansmorethantwodaysto35,butforaratittakeslessthan20minutes.Thisratdetectionmethoddoesn’trelyonspecialistequipment.Itisalsomoreaccurate—theratsareabletofindmoreTBinfectionsand,therefore,savemorelives.

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2willbebasedonthefollowingnewsA)Christmas-timeattacksmadebySomaliAnexplosionatabusstationincentralThekillingofmorethan70UgandansinBlastssetoffbyaSomaligroupinUganda’sA)OnChristmasJustbeforeDuringasecurityInthesmallhoursoftheKenyansayone waskilledand26injuredinanexplosionatabusstationincentralNairobi.TheblasthitabusabouttosetofffortheUgandancapitalKampala.LastJuly,theSomaligroupal-ShababsaiditwasbehindtheblastsintheUgandancapitalwhichkilledmorethan70people.WillRossreportsfromtheKenyancapital.TheexplosionhappenedbesideabuswhichwasabouttosetoffforanovernightjourneyfromNairobitotheUgandancapitalKampala.Someeyewitnessesreportthatabagwasabouttobeloadedonboard,butitexplodedduringasecuritycheck.Windowsoftheredbuswereleftsmashed,andbloodcouldbeseenonthegroundbesidethevehicle.Justhoursearlier,Uganda’schiefhadwarnedofpossibleChristmas-timeattacksbySomalirebels.WhatisthenewsreportmainlyWhendidtheQuestions3and4willbebasedonthefollowingnewsA)ItislikelytoclosemanyofitsItisknownforthequalityofitsItremainscompetitiveintheItwillexpanditsonlineretailA)ExpanditsbusinessbeyondFire25,000ofitscurrentCutitsDVDpublishingSellthebusinessforoneWoolworthsisoneofthebestknownnamesontheBritishHighStreet.It’sbeeninbusinessnearlyacentury.Manyofits800storesarelikelytoclosefollowingthe’sdecisiontocallinadministratorsafteranattempttosellthebusinessforatoken￡1failed. hashugedebts.TheimmediatecauseforthecollapsehasbeenBritain’sslidetowardrecession,whichhascutintoconsumerspending.However,thebusinesshadbeenintroubleforyears.Knownforlow-pricedgeneralgoods,Woolworthshasstruggledinthefaceofcompetitionfromsupermarketsexpandingbeyondgroceriesandanewgenerationofinternetretailers.Manyofthestoregroup’s25,000employeesarelikelytolosetheirjobs.SomeprofitableareassuchastheDVDpublishingbusinesswillsurvive.WhatdowelearnaboutWoolworthsfromthenewsWhatdidWoolworthsattempttodoQuestions5to7willbebasedonthefollowingnewsA)AlltaxisbegantouseAlltaxisgotairAdvertisementswereallowedonOldtaxiswererecedwithnewA)AlowinterestloanPermissionforcarA)TherearenomoreirregularAllnewcabsprovideair-NewcabsareallequippedwithNewlegislationprotectsconsumerCairoisknownforitsovercrowdedroads,irregulardrivingpracticesandshakyoldvehicles,butalsoforitsairpollution.Inrecentmonths,though,environmentalstudiesindicatetherehavebeensignsofimprovement.That’sdueinparttotheremovalofmanyofthecapital’sold-fashionedblackandwhitetaxis.Mostofthesedatedbacktothe1960sand70sandwereinapoorstateofrepair.Afternewlegislationdemandedtheirremovalfromtheroads,alowinterestloanschemewassetupwiththreeEgyptianbankssodriverscouldbuynewcars.Theernmentpaysabout$900foroldonestobediscardedandadvertisingonthenewvehicleshelpscoverrepayments.Theideahasprovedpopularwithcustomers―theycannowtravelinair-conditionedcomfortandbecausethenewcabsaremetered,theydon’thavetoargueoverfares.Banksandcarmanufacturersaregladfortheextrabusinessintougheconomictimes.Asforthetaxidrivers,mostaredelightedtobebehindthewheelofnewcars,althoughtherehavebeenafewcomintsaboutswitchingfromblackandwhitetoainwhitecolour.WhatchangetookceinCairoWhathelpedbringabouttheWhydocustomersnolongerarguewithnewcabSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.ConversationQuestions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Ithasapartnershipwith C)ItspecializesinsafetyfromItisheadquarteredin D)IthasachemicalprocessingA)Heisa C)HeisasafetyHeisa D)HeisMr.Grand’sA)Thepublicrelations C)Directorofthesafety al D)Headof nelA)WaitforMr.GrandtocallLeaveamessageforMr.ProvidedetailsoftheirproductsandSendacomprehensivedescriptionoftheirW:Morning,thisisM:Goodmorning.WalterBarryhere,callingfromLondon.CouldIspeaktoMr.Grand,please?W:Who’scalling,please?M:WalterBarry,fromLondon.W:Whatisitabout,please?M:Well,Iunderstandthatyour hasachemicalprocessingnt.Myown,LCP,LiquidControlProducts,isaleaderinsafetyfromleaksinthefieldofchemicalprocessing.IwouldliketospeaktoMr.GrandtodiscusswaysinwhichwecouldhelpTGCprotectitselffromsuchproblemsandsavemoneyatthesametime.W:Yes,Isee.Well,Mr.Grandisnotavailablejustnow.M:Canyou lmewhenIcouldreachhim?W:He’sverybusyforthenextfewdays–thenhe’llbeawayinNewYork.Soit’sdifficulttogiveyouatime.M:CouldIspeaktosomeoneelse,perhaps?W:WhoinM:AcolleagueforW:You’respeakingtohisalassistant.IcandealwithcallsforMr.Grand.M:Yes,well,couldIringhimtomorrow?W:No,I’msorryhewon’tbetomorrow.Listen,letmesuggestsomething.Yousendusdetailsofyourproductsandservices,togetherwithreferencesfromothercompaniesandthenwe’llcontactyou.M:Yes,that’sverykindofyou.Ihaveyouraddress.W:Verygood,Mr….M:Barry.WalterBarryfromLCPinW:Right,Mr.Barry.Welookforwardtohearingfromyou.M:Thankyou.Goodbye.W:Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustWhatdowelearnaboutthewoman’sWhatdowelearnabouttheWhatisthewoman’spositioninherWhatdoesthewomansuggestthemanQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA) B) C) D)A)SomenewlydiscoveredscenicBigchangesintheAmazonAnewrailwayunderThebeautifulAmazon A)InnewsInalocaleveningInnewspapers’SundayInoverseaseditionsofU.S.A) eaprofessionalTobeemployedbyaTogetherlifestorypublishedTosellherarticlestoanewsM:You’regoingtowearoutthecomputer’skeyboard!W:Oh,hi.M:Doyouhaveanyideawhattimeitis?W:Abouttenorten-thirty?M:It’snearlyW:Really?Ididn’tknowitwassoM:Don’tyouhaveanearlyclasstoteachtomorrowW:Yes,atseveno’clock.Mycommuterclass,thestudentswhogotoworkrightaftertheirlesson.M:Thenyououghttogotobed.Whatareyouwriting,anyway?W:AnarticleIhopeIcanM:Oh,anotherofyournewspaperpieces?What’sthisoneabout?W:DoyourememberthetripItooklastmonth?M:TheoneuptotheW:Well,that’swhatI’mwritingabout—thenewhighwayandthechangesit’smakingintheAmazonvalley.M:Itshouldbeinteresting.W:Itis.Iguessthat’swhyIforgotallaboutthetime.M:Howmanyarticleshaveyousoldnow?W:AboutadozensoM:WhatkindofnewspapersbuyW:Thepapersthatcarryalotofforeignnews.TheyusuallyappearinthebigSundayeditionswheretheyneedalotofbackgroundstoriestohelpfillupthespacebetweentheads.M:IsthereanyfutureinW:Ihopeso.There’sachanceImaysellthisarticletoanewsservice.M:Thenyourstorywouldbepublishedinseveralpapers,wouldn’tW:That’stheidea.AndImightevenbeabletodootherstoriesonaregularbasis.M:Thatwouldbegreat.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustWhatisthewoman’sWhatisthewomanwritingWheredothewoman’sarticlesusuallyWhatdoesthewomanSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthePassageQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)SheisbothapopularandahighlyrespectedSheisthefirstwritertofocusonthefateofSheisthemostlovedAfricannovelistofallSheisthemostinfluentialauthorsincetheA)TheBookCriticsCircleTheNobelPrizefor ThePulitzerPrizeforTheNationalBookA)SheisarelativeofSheisaslavefromSheisaskilledstorySheisablack【原文】PassageIntoday’sclass,we’lldiscussToniMorrison’snovelBeloved.AsI’msureyouallknow,Morrisonisbothapopularandahighlyrespectedauthor,andit’snoteasytobeboth.Bornin1931,MorrisonhaswrittensomeofthemosttouchingandinligentworksontheAfrican-Americanexperienceeverwrittenbyanyone,andyettocallheran“African-Americanwriter”doesn’tseemtodoherjustice.Inmanyways,she’ssimplyanAmericanwriter—andcertainlyoneofourbest.Belovedisatrulyremarkablework.Itwas mendedfornearlyeverymajorliryprize,includingtheNationalBookAwardandtheNationalBookCriticsCircleAward,anditinfactwonthePulitzerPrizeforfictionin1988.MorrisonherselfisdistinguishedforhavingwontheNobelPrizeforliturein1993.WhatmakesBeloveduniqueistheskillful,surewayinwhichMorrisonblendsintenselyalstorylingandAmericanhistory,racialthemesandgenderthemes,theexperienceofBlackswiththeexperienceofallpeopleeverywhere,thedown-to-earthrealityofslaverywithasenseofmysteriousspirituality.We’llbepayingspecialattentiontothesethemesaswediscussthiswork.I’mparticularlyinterestedinyourviewsontherelativeimportanceofraceandgenderinthisbook.IsitmoreimportantthatSethe,themaincharacter,isblackorthatshe’sawoman?Whichcontributesmoretoherbeing?WhatdoesMorrisonlusaboutboth?Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustWhatdowelearnaboutToniWhathonordidToniMorrisonreceiveinWhatdoesthespeakerlusaboutSethe,themaincharacterinMorrison’snovelQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheyareverygenerousingivingTheyrefusegiftswhenngTheyregardgiftsasatokenofTheygivegiftsonlyonspecialA)TheyenjoygivinggiftstootherTheyspendalotoftimechoosingTheyhavetofollowmanyspecificTheypayattentiontothequalityofA)Gift-givingysanimportantroleinhumanWemustbeawareofculturaldifferencesingivingWemustlearnhowtogivegiftsbeforegoingReadingextensivelycanmakeoneabettergift-Thetopicofmytalktodayisgift-giving.Everybodylikestoreceivegifts,right?Soyoumaythinkthatgift-givingisauniversalcustom.Butactually,therulesofgift-givingvaryquitealot,andnotknowingthemcanresultingreatembarrassment.InNorthAmerica,therulesarefairlysimple.Ifyou’reinvitedtosomeone’shomefordinner,bringwineorflowersorasmallitemfromyourcountry.Amongfriends,family,andbusinessassociates,wegenerallydon’tgivegiftsonotheroccasionsexceptonsomeone’sbirthdayandChristmas.TheJapanese,ontheotherhand,give