高考英语外刊阅读理解训练-为什么地质学要可持续发展

高考英语外刊阅读理解训练——为什么地质学要可持续发展——改编自WhygeologymustabandonfossilfuelsandembracesustainabilityGeologistshavetraditionallybeenassociatedwithfossilfuelexploration,butitistimeforthemtoprioritizesustainabledevelopmentgoalsandclimatechangeinstead,accordingtoChristopherJackson.Intoday’sworld,theimportanceofscientistsinoureverydayliveshasbecomemoreevident.Forexample,vaccinologistshavesucceededincreatingvaccinationstotackletheCovid-19pandemic,whilevirologists,epidemiologists,andbehaviouralscientistshavedirectlyinfluencedgovernmentpoliciesthatregulateourmovementstokeepussafe.Whilepandemicscomeandgo,globalwarmingisamorepersistentthreattotheenvironment,globalhealth,andeconomicwell-being.Geologistshavethepivotalroleofunderstandingandeventuallyinfluencingpoliciesthataimtodecreasetheeffectsofclimatechange.Geologistsarenotsimplyinvolvedinstudyingrocks,contraacommonmisconception.GeologistsaretaughttoobservewhattherocksrevealaboutEarth'spast,present,andpossiblefuturestructureandevolution.Geologicalprocessesandclimateareintertwined,asnumerouscomplexphysicalandchemicallinksandfeedbacksexistbetweenEarth'ssurfaceandsubsurfacerocks,atmosphere,oceans,andicecaps,aswellaslifeinalltheseplaces.Thegeologicalrecordbearswitnesstosuchprocesses,demonstratingthatatmosphericCO2isatitshighestlevelinatleastthepast3millionyears,withthecurrentpaceofplanetarywarmingunprecedentedinEarth’shistory.Accordingly,geologistsemploythegeologicalrecordtoevaluatethepredictionaccuracyofcomplicatednumericalmodelsusedinforeseeingthefutureclimateanditsinfluenceonEarth’shabitability.Butthere’sanironictwisthere,giventhatgeologists'workalsounderpinsthedetectionanduseofclimate-heatingfossilfuels.Tofullyembracetheideaof“sustainablegeoscience,”thisconceptmustbepreciselypracticednow.Ourdisciplinemustacceptitsdutytomitigatepotentialenvironmentalhazardsratherthancontributetothem.Sustainablegeoscienceisnotanewconcept,norisitlimitedtoclimatechange.Geologistshavecontributedtosolvingsomeofourgreatestsocialissues,asseenbyobservingtheUnitedNations'SustainableDevelopmentGoals.Forexample,geologistsexaminethesource,naturalmovement,anddestinyofcontaminantslikearsenicandlead,whicharecriticaltotheprovisionofsafeandreliablewatersupplies.Geologistsshouldcooperatefurtherwithotherscientistsandpoliticianstodevelopandultimatelyimplementsolutionstoenvironmentalandresourceissues.Studentslookingtostudygeologyshouldunderstandtheirmultidisciplinaryskillset’sbroadercontributiontoglobalwelfare,beyondjustenergyprovision.ItisimportanttorememberthatensuringasecureenergysupplyunderpinsmanyoftheSustainableDevelopmentGoals.Geologistsmustreimaginesustainabilitythroughthelensofgeologytopromoteitinthepublic'sconsciousness,justasvirologyandepidemiologywerehighlightedin2020.Rocksarenottheonlynotionmeanttobeassociatedwithgeology.Therefore,collectiveeffortscouldguaranteeacentralroleforgeologistsinreshapingsocietytowardlong-termsustainability.【重点词汇】1.Geologists[dʒiˈɑːlədʒɪst]n.地质学家2.Fossilfuel[ˈfɑːslfjuːəl]n.化石燃料3.Exploration[ˌekspləˈreɪʃən]n.勘探；探究4.Sustainable[səˈsteɪnəbl]adj.可持续的5.Development[dɪˈveləpmənt]n.发展6.Climatechange[klaɪməttʃeɪndʒ]气候变化7.Prioritize[praɪˈɔːrətaɪz]v.优先考虑8.Vaccinologist[ˌvæksəˈnɑːlədʒɪst]n.疫苗学家9.Vaccination[ˌvæksəˈneɪʃn]n.疫苗接种10.Pandemic[pænˈdemɪk]n.大流行病11.Virologist[vaɪˈrɒlədʒɪst]n.病毒学家12.Epidemiologist[ˌepəˌdiːmiˈɒlədʒɪst]n.流行病学家13.Behaviouralscientist[bɪˈheɪvjərəlˈsaɪəntɪst]行为科学家14.Influence[ˈɪnfluəns]v.影响15.Governmentpolicies[ˈɡʌvənməntˈpɑːləsi]政府政策16.Regulation[ˌreɡjəˈleɪʃn]n.管制；管理17.Globalwarming[ˈɡloʊblˈwɔrmɪŋ]全球变暖18.Persistent[pərˈsɪstənt]adj.持久的19.Environment[ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt]n.环境20.Economicwell-being[ˌiːkəˌnɑːmɪkwel-ˈbiːɪŋ]经济健康状况21.Pivotalrole[ˈpɪvətlroʊl]关键作用22.Subsurface[sʌbˈsɜːrfɪs]adj.表面下的23.Evolution[ˌiːvəˈluːʃn]n.进化24.Chemicallinks[ˈkemɪkllɪŋks]化学联系25.Feedbacks[ˈfidˌbæks]回馈26.Oceans[ˈoʊʃnz]n.海洋27.Icecaps[aɪskæps]冰盖28.Life[laɪf]n.生命29.Geologicalrecord[dʒiəˈlɑdʒɪkəlˈrekɔrd]地质记录30.AtmosphericCO2[ˌæt.məsˈfer.ɪkkoʊˌsiːtu:]大气CO231.Unprecedented[ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd]adj.空前的32.Evaluate[ɪˈvæljueɪt]v.评估33.Numericalmodels[ˈnjuːmərɪklˈmɑːdəlz]数值模型34.Planetarywarming[ˈplænəteriˈwɔrmɪŋ]行星变暖35.SustainableDevelopmentGoals[səsˈteɪnəbldɪˈveləpməntgoʊlz]可持续发展目标36.Source[sɔːrs]n.来源37.Naturalmovement[ˈnætʃrəlˈmuːvmənt]自然运动38.Contaminants[kənˈtæmənənts]n.污染物39.Arsenic[ˈɑːrsənɪk]n.砷40.Lead[led]n.铅41.Safeandreliable[seɪfændrɪˈlaɪəbl]安全可靠42.Cooperate[koʊˈɑːpəreɪt]v.合作43.Implementsolutions[ˈɪmpləmentsəˈluːʃnz]实现解决方案44.Resourceissues[rɪˈsɔːrsˈɪʃuːz]资源问题45.Multidisciplinaryskillset[ˌmʌltiˈdɪsəpləneriskɪlset]多学科技能46.Globalwelfare[ˈɡloʊblˈwelefr]n.全球福利47.Secureenergysupply[sɪˈkjʊrˈɛnərdʒisəˈplaɪ]稳定的能源供应48.Underpins[ˌʌndərˈpɪnz]v.支撑【阅读理解练习题】1.Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldgeologistsprioritizeintheirwork?A)Fossilfuelexploration.B)Sustainabledevelopmentgoalsandclimatechange.C)ObservingwhatrocksrevealaboutEarth'spast.D)Evaluatingthepredictionaccuracyofcomplicatednumericalmodels.Answer:B中文解析：根据文章，传统上地质学家与化石燃料勘探有关，但现在他们应该优先考虑可持续发展目标和气候变化。因此，地质学家应优先考虑可持续发展目标和气候变化。2.Whatisthemainthreattoglobalhealth,environmental,andeconomicwell-beingmentionedinthepassage?A)Pandemics.B)Vaccinations.C)Governmentpolicies.D)Globalwarming.Answer:D中文解析：根据文章，全球变暖是对环境、全球卫生和经济福祉的更持久威胁，而不是像大流行那样来了又去。这意味着气候变化是当前面临的主要威胁。3.Whatisonewaythatgeologicalprocessesandclimatearelinked?A)Throughthedepletionofnaturalresources.B)ThroughfeedbacksbetweentheEarth'ssurfaceandsubsurfacerocks,atmosphere,oceans,icecaps,andlife.C)Throughthestudyofcontaminatedwatersupplies.D)Throughthedevelopmentofcomplicatednumericalmodels.Answer:B中文解析：根据文章，许多复杂的物理和化学联系和反馈在地球表面和地下岩石、大气、海洋、冰盖以及其中的生命之间存在，地质过程与气候联系紧密。4.Whatistheconceptof"sustainablegeoscience"mentionedinthepassage?A)Thedetectionanduseofclimate-heatingfossilfuels.B)Theprovisionofsafeandreliablewatersupplies.C)Thecollectiveefforttoensureacentralroleforgeologistsincreatingsustainablepolicies.D)Themultidisciplinaryskillsetthatgeologistspossess.Answer:C中文解析：文章提到了“可持续性地球科学”概念，这并非仅限于气候变化。地质学家曾对解决一些重大社会问题做出了贡献，因此地质学家应进一步与其他科学家和政治家合作开发和最终实施环境和资源问题的解决方案。可持续地球科学应确保地质学家在推动长期可持续发展方面起到核心作用。5.Whatistheparadoxicalrelationshipbetweengeologists'workandclimatechangementionedinthepassage?A)Geologists'researchfocusesprimarilyonreducingtheeffectsofclimatechange,buttheirworkhascontributedsignificantlytoit.B)Theimportanceofgeologistsinunderstandingglobalwarmingisparamount,despitetheirworkrelyingheavilyontheuseoffossilfuelsthatcontributetoclimatechange.C)Althoughgeologistsprioritizesustainabledevelopmentgoalsandclimatechange,itisimpossibletopracticetheseconceptsprecisely.D)Sustainablegeoscienceshouldbeprioritizedoverthedetectionanduseofclimate-heatingfossilfuels.Answer:A中文解析：文章指出有一种讽刺的关系，地质学家的工作既支撑着探测和使用气候加热化石燃料，又应优先考虑减少气候变化对环境产生的影响。因此，为确保可持续发展，我们必须确切实行“可持续地球科学”概念。6.Whatdoestheauthorsuggeststudentsshoulddowhenconsideringstudyinggeology?A)Focussolelyonenergyprovision.B)Understandthebroadercontributionoftheirmultidisciplinaryskillsettoglobalwelfare.C)Prioritizeunderstandingthepsychologybehindgeologicalprocesses.D)Developanexpertiseindetectingandreducingenvironmentalhazards.Answer:B中文解析：作者建议，寻求学习地质学的学生应该了解自己的多学科技能集在全球福利方面所做出的更广泛贡献，而不仅仅是提供能源供应。7.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheroleofgeologistsinevaluatingthepredictionaccuracyofcomplicatednumericalmodels?A)Todevelopthesemodelsbasedonthegeologicalrecord.B)ToobservetherocksthatrevealEarth'spast.C)Todecreasetheeffectsofclimatechangethroughsustainabledevelopmentgoals.D)Toemploythegeologicalrecordtoevaluatethepredictionaccuracyofcomplicatednumericalmodels.Answer:D中文解析：根据文章，地质学家利用地质记录评估复杂数值模型的预测精度，以评估未来气候及其对地球生存环境的影响。8.WhatdoesJaredTendler'sworkonpokerpsychologyhavetodowiththemaintopicofthispassage?A)Itdemonstrateshowgeologistscaninfluencegovernmentpoliciesthatregulateourmovements.B)Itprovidesapracticalsolutionfordecreasingtheeffectsofclimatechange.C)Itillustratestheneedforcollectiveeffortstoensureacentralroleforgeologistsinreshapingsocietytowardlong-termsustainability.D)Itisanexampleofonewaythatscientistshavedirectlyinfluencedgovernmentpoliciestokeepussafe.Answer:D中文解析：根据文章，病毒学家、流行病学家和行为科学家直接影响了政府制定规范我们活动的政策，而对扑克心理学的研究提示了更加全面的论点，即要预见未来的气候，并减轻由此带来的影响，应采取的方法并不简单。【全文逐句对照翻译】ChristopherJackson说，地质学家传统上一直与化石燃料勘探联系在一起，但是现在是他们优先考虑可持续发展目标和气候变化的时候了。Geologistshavetraditionallybeenassociatedwithfossilfuelexploration,butitistimeforthemtoprioritizesustainabledevelopmentgoalsandclimatechangeinstead,accordingtoChristopherJackson.在当今世界，科学家在我们日常生活中的重要性已经变得更加明显。Intoday’sworld,theimportanceofscientistsinoureverydayliveshasbecomemoreevident.例如，疫苗学家成功地研制出了应对Covid-19大流行的疫苗，而病毒学家、流行病学家和行为科学家直接影响了政府的政策，这些政策规范了我们的行动，以保证我们的安全。Forexample,vaccinologistshavesucceededincreatingvaccinationstotackletheCovid-19pandemic,whilevirologists,epidemiologists,andbehaviouralscientistshavedirectlyinfluencedgovernmentpoliciesthatregulateourmovementstokeepussafe.虽然流行病来来去去，但全球变暖对环境、全球健康和经济福祉的威胁更为持久。Whilepandemicscomeandgo,globalwarmingisamorepersistentthreattotheenvironment,globalhealth,andeconomicwell-being.地质学家在理解并最终影响旨在减少气候变化影响的政策方面发挥着关键作用。Geologistshavethepivotalroleofunderstandingandeventuallyinfluencingpoliciesthataimtodecreasetheeffectsofclimatechange.与一种普遍的误解相反，地质学家不仅仅是研究岩石。Geologistsarenotsimplyinvolvedinstudyingrocks,contraacommonmisconception.地质学家被教导观察岩石所揭示的地球的过去、现在和可能的未来的结构和进化。GeologistsaretaughttoobservewhattherocksrevealaboutEarth'spast,present,andpossiblefuturestructureandevolution.地质过程和气候是交织在一起的，因为地球表面和地下岩石、大气、海洋和冰盖以及所有这些地方的生命之间存在着许多复杂的物理和化学联系和反馈。Geologicalprocessesandclimateareintertwined,asnumerouscomplexphysicalandchemicallinksandfeedbacksexistbetweenEarth'ssurfaceandsubsurfacerocks,atmosphere,oceans,andicecaps,aswellaslifeinalltheseplaces.地质记录见证了这一过程，表明大气中的二氧化碳含量至少在过去300万年中达到了最高水平，目前全球变暖的速度在地球历史上是前所未有的。Thegeologicalrecordbearswitnesstosuchprocesses,demonstratingthatatmosphericCO2isatitshighestlevelinatleastthepast3millionyears,withthecurrentpaceofplanetarywarmingunprecedentedinEarth’shistory.因此，地质学家利用地质记录来评估用于预测未来气候及其对地球宜居性影响的复杂数值模型的预测精度。Accordingly,geologistsemploythegeologicalrecordtoevaluatethepredictionaccuracyofcomplicatednumericalmodelsusedinforeseeingthefutureclimateanditsinfluenceonEarth’shabitability.但这里有一个讽刺的转折，考虑到地质学家的工作也支持了气候加热化石燃料的探测和使用。Butthere’sanironictwisthere,giventhatgeologists'workalsounderpinsthedetectionanduseofclimate-heatingfossilfuels.为了完全接受“可持续地球科学”的理念，现在必须精确地实践这一概念。Tofullyembracetheideaof“sustainablegeoscience,”thisconceptmustbepreciselypracticednow.我们的学科必须承担减轻潜在环境危害的责任，而不是助长它们。Ourdisciplinemustacceptitsdutytomitigatepotentialenvironmentalhazardsratherthancontributetothem.可持续地球科学不是一个新概念，也不局限于气候变化。Sustainablegeoscienceisnotanewconcept,norisitlimitedtoclimatechange.通过观察联合国的可持续发展目标，地质学家为解决一些重大的社会问题做出了贡献。Geologistshavecontributedtosolvingsomeofourgreatestsocialiss