2023学年完整公开课版洗衣液

LiquidDetergentName:WeiYilanTelontents

Ⅰ.DefinitionandClassificationofDetergent

Ⅱ.CharacteristicsofLiquidDetergentⅢ.LiquidDetergentFormulaComposition

Ⅳ.ProductionTechnologyofLiquidDetergentⅤ.FormulationexamplesoflaundrydetergentⅥ.PracticeⅠ.

DefinitionandClassificationofDetergent

Detergentisakindofsubstancethatcanchangethesurfaceactivityofwaterandimprovethedecontaminationeffectwhenwashingobjects.“Detergent”referstotheproductdesignedfordecontamination,whichconsistsofthenecessaryactivecomponentsandauxiliarycomponents.Classificationsoap

syntheticdetergentClassification

laundrydetergentspersonalhygienedetergentsindustrialdetergentsdomesticdetergents

householddetergents1.soap

Soapisthegeneraltermforalkalisalts(inorganicororganic)containingatleast8carbonatomsoramixtureoffattyacids.RCOOMRrepresentsalkylMismetalionororganicalkalicarbonnumberbetween8and22

2.Syntheticdetergent

Syntheticdetergentistheproductofmoderncivilization,originatedfromthedevelopmentofsurfactant.Referstothedetergentwith(synthetic)surfactantastheactivecomponentHeavydutytypelightdutytype

industrialhouseholdpowderliquidlumpgranularpasteaerosol

Ⅱ.CharacteristicsofLiquidDetergent

1.manufacturingprocessandmanufacturingequipmentaresimple;2.Liquiddetergentisanenergy-savingproduct,whichnotonlysavesenergyduringtheproductionprocess,butalsoissuitableforlow-temperaturewashingduringuse;3.Theproductshaveawiderangeofadaptability,besideswashingfunction,theproductsalsocanhaveavarietyoffunctions;advantages：

4.Theuseofwaterasasolventorfillerresultsinlowproductioncosts.5.Itiseasytoquantifyandeasytodissolvewhenused.Itcanbeappliedtothenecklineandcuffsandotherdirtyplacesinhighconcentration.6.Nodustpollution.advantages：disadvantage：①theadditionofthealkalineauxiliariesandthesurfactantsinthewaterarepoorlycompatible；②adverseeffectssuchasprecipitationordelamination；③ItiseasytoreactbetweenvariouscomponentsinaliquidOneisthemainrawmaterial,thatis,allkindsofsurfactantswithscrubbingactionⅢ.MainRawMaterialsofLiquidDetergentTheotherisauxiliarymaterials,thatis,variousauxiliaries1.surfactants

Indetergents,surfactantsaregenerallyusedaswashingcomponents,butinsomeformulationstheyarealsousedasauxiliaryrawmaterials,playingtherolesofemulsification,wetting,solubilization,moisturizing,lubrication,sterilization,softness,anti-static,foaminganddefoaming.Definition：Surfactantisasubstancethatcansignificantlyreducethesurfacetensionofthesolutionandchangetheinterfacialstateofthesystemwhenasmallamountofsurfactantisadded.

Aftersurfactantreachesacertainconcentration,itcancombinetoformamicelle,whichhasaseriesofphysicalandchemicalfunctionssuchaswettingoranti-adhesion,emulsificationordemulsification,foamingordefoamingaswellassolubilization,dispersion,washing,antisepsisandantistatic,andhasbecomeakindofflexible,diversifiedandwidelyusedfinechemicalproducts.Surfactantiscalled"monosodiumglutamateinindustry"

Oneendisanon-polarhydrocarbonchain(alkyl),whichhasaverylowaffinityforwater.Itisoftencalledhydrophobicbaseorlipophilicgroup.Theotherendispolargroup（eg.-OH、-COOH、-NH₂、-SO₃H、etc.）,whichhasagreataffinitywithwater,soitiscalledhydrophilicgroup.structure:amphiphilicCOO-CH3CH2hydrophilicgrouplipophilicgroupUsuallydenotedasLaurateanion(1)TheconceptofsurfactantThemolecularstructureofsurfactantsischaracterizedbyacombinationofstronghydrophilicandhydrophobic(orlipophilic)groups.①surfacetension②CMC-(CriticalMicelleConcentration)③HLB-(Hydrophile-LipophileBalance)①surfacetensionoftheliquid

ThesurfacetensionofaliquidisderivedfromthevanderWaalsforcebetweenthemoleculesoratomsofthesubstance.SurfacetensioniscausedbythefactthatthesurfacemoleculesandthemoleculesinsidetheliquidareindifferentenvironmentsSurfacetensionreduction

Theconcentrationofsurfactantstartingtoformmicelleisthecurrentmicelleconcentration,CMCforshort.WhensolutionconcentrationislowerthanCMC,duetotheinterfaceadsorptionofthesurfactantmoleculesanddirectionalarrangementontheinterface,withtheincreasingoftheconcentrationofthesurfacetensionofthesolutionandquicklyreduced,itsperformancealsocorrespondingincrease,untilitreachestheCMC,thesurfactanthasbeenarrangedinsinglemoleculeonthesolutionofinterfacemembrane,thenfelltoalowsurfacetension.Sincethen,theincreaseintheconcentrationoftheactivesubstancehaslittleeffectonthesurfacetensionandperformance,soCMCisanimportantindicatortoreflectthesurfactant②CMC(CriticalMicelleConcentration)Singlemoleculeorientationmicelle

Theapplicationpropertiesofsurfactantsdependonthecompositionandstructureofthehydrophilicandoleophiliccomponentsofthemolecule.Thehydrophilicityandlipophilicabilityofthetwocomponentsmaketheapplicationrangeandapplicationperformancedifferent.

Theratioofthestrengthofthehydrophilicgroupinthesurfactantmoleculetothestrengthofthelipophilicgroupiscalledthehydrophiliclipophilicbalancevalue,abbreviatedasHLBvalue.③HLB-(Hydrophile-LipophileBalance)TheHLBvaluecanbecalculatedfromtheempiricalformula,whichisthebasisforguidingtheindustrialapplicationofsurfactants.HLB值与应用性能的关系(2)Classificationofsurfactantssurfactantsionicsurfactantnonionicsurfactantanionicsurfactant(阴)cationicsurfactant（阳）amphotericsurfactant（两性）

Accordingtodosageandvariety,(阴)anionicsurfactantisusedthemost,followedby（非）non-ionicsurfactant,（两性）amphotericsurfactantisrarelyused.（阳）Cationicsurfactantisnotsuitablefordetergentsduetoitslargeadsorptiononfibers,lowwashingpowerandhighprice.Sometimes,cationicsurfactantisaddedtodetergentsmainlytomakethedetergentsdisinfectorsoft.Commonsurfactantanionicsurfactants：suchasSodiumAlkylbenzeneSulfonate(LAS),sodiumalkylsulfonate(SAS),sodiumfattyalcoholsulfate,sodiumfattyalcoholpolyoxyethyleneethersulfate

(AES),sodiumalkylsulfonate(AOS)andsoon.Non-ionicsurfactants:suchasalkylphenolpolyoxyethyleneether（AEPO）,fattyalcoholpolyoxyethyleneether

(AEO),alkanolamide,etc.Polyether:Itisacommonactivesubstanceintheproductionoflowfoamdetergentinrecentyears.Itisacommonproductofcopolymerizationofethyleneoxideandpropyleneoxide.Itisoftenmixedwithanionicsurfactant,mainlyusedasdefoamer.Amphotericsurfactants,suchasbetaine(includeCAB、6501),arecommonlyusedinlowirritationdetergents.2.auxiliaries

Thecombinationofauxiliaryandsurfactantcanplaytheroleofmutualcoordinationandmutualcompensationofeachcomponent,furtherimprovethecleaningabilityoftheproduct,improveitscomprehensiveperformanceandlowercostInorganicauxiliariesorganicauxiliaries1.螯合剂在液体洗涤剂中，主要用溶解度较大的焦磷酸钾、柠檬酸和酒石酸、硅酸钠与碳酸钠配合、乙二胺四乙酸钠(EDTA)、氨基三乙酸钠(NTA)。（1）ThechelatingagentInliquiddetergents,potassiumpyrophosphate,citricacidandtartaricacid,sodiumsilicateandsodiumcarbonate,sodiumethylenediaminetetraacetate(EDTA),sodiumtriacetate(NTA)aremainlyused.Becauseoftheirhighsolubility2.增溶剂(助溶剂)常用的增溶剂有对甲苯磺酸钠、二甲苯磺酸钠、尿素或低分子的醇、三乙醇胺等。(2)Solubilizer(co-solvent)Commonlyusedsolventsaresodiump-toluenesulfonate,sodiumdimethylbenzenesulfonate,ureaorlowmolecularalcohol,triethanolamineandsoon.3.增泡剂常用的增泡剂有烷醇酰胺、氧化胺以及脂肪醇等。4.增稠剂常用一些水溶性高聚物，如聚乙二醇、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙烯醇、聚醋酸铵等，也可用无机电解质(如NaCl、NH4Cl)。(3)FoamBoostersCommonfoamingagentsarealkanolamide,amineoxideandfattyalcohol.(4)ThethickenerSomewater-solublepolymers,suchaspolyethyleneglycol,sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose,polyvinylalcoholandpolyammoniumacetatearecommonlyused,andinorganicelectrolytes(suchasNaClandNH4Cl)arealsoavailable.(5)Sterilizationanddisinfectant

Commonlyusedphenols,aldehydes,alcohols,acids,chlorinepreparations,oxidants,iodinepreparations,heavymetalsaltsandcationicquaternaryammoniumsalt,etc.

5.杀菌消毒剂常用酚类、醛类、醇类、酸类、氯制剂、氧化剂、碘制剂、重金属盐类和阳离子季铵盐等。

6.缓冲剂(PH调节剂）常用的缓冲剂有柠檬酸、洒石酸、磷酸、硼酸钠、碳酸氢钠以及磷酸二氢钠等。(6)Buffer(PHregulator)Commonlyusedbufferiscitricacid,tartaricacid,phosphoricacid,sodiumborate,sodiumhydrogencarbonateandsodiumdihydrogenphosphate.7.调理剂（使头发柔顺；使织物柔软、抗静电）常用的调理剂主要是两性表面活性剂和阳离子表面活性剂，如氧化叔胺、阳离子聚合物、羊毛脂衍生物等。8.防腐剂(1)甲醛(2)尼泊金酯类(对羟基苯甲酸酯类)(3)布罗波尔(2-溴-2-硝基-1,3-丙二醇)(4)凯松(异噻唑啉酮）(5)防腐剂PC(对氯间苯二酚)⑥乙内酰脲

7.conditioner(makehairsoft;makefabricsoftandantistatic).Themostcommonlyusedconditionersareamphotericsurfactantsandcationicsurfactants,suchastertiaryaminesandcationspolymers,lanolinderivatives,etc.8.preservatives①formaldehyde②parabenesters(p-hydroxybenzoicesters)③Bromobor(2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol)④Kathon(isothiazolone)⑤preservativePC(Pchlororesorcinol)⑥DMDMH9.酶液体洗涤剂中，常用液体蛋白酶和淀粉酶，其用量为0.4％-0.8％，一般在配制后期加入，加入时pH应在7-9.5，温度低于30-40℃。10.溶剂水是液体洗涤剂中用量最大、也是最廉价的溶剂和填料。9.enzymeLiquidproteaseandamylasearecommonlyusedinliquiddetergent.Theamountofproteaseandamylaseis0.4%-0.8%.Theyareusuallyaddedinthelaterstageofpreparation.ThepHvalueshouldbe7-9.5andthetemperatureshouldbebelow30-40%.10.Solvent

Wateristhe

lagrestamountandcheapestsolventandfillerinliquiddetergents.11.防冻剂：如乙醇、异丙醇等。12.香精13.色素14.抗氧化剂：BHA(丁基羟基茴香醚）BHT（2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚）PG（3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸丙酯）11.Antifreezeagent:suchasethanol,isopropanol,etc.12.Theessence13.Pigment14.Antioxidants:BHA(butylhydroxylanisole)BHT(2,6-bitertiarybutyl-4-methylphenol)PG(3,4,5-trihydroxypropylbenzoate)Ⅴ.ProductionTechnologyofLiquidDetergent

Productionprocessofliquiddetergent1-feeding;2-tank;3,6-measuringtank;4-emulsifyingtank;5-homogenizer;7-coolingtank;8-finishedproducttankcharacteristics:

Thepreparationprocessofliquiddetergentisverysimple.Theintermittentlyandbatchproductionprocessisusuallyadopted.

Whyintermittentlyandbatchproductionprocessisused??Theproductionprocessissimpleandtheproductsarevarious.Thereisnoneedforcontinuousproductionlineswithmanyinvestmentsanddifficultcontrol.1．物料的预处理和输送包括原料的预熔化和预溶解；物料的输送可用离心泵、旋转泵、齿轮泵等来输送，有时也采用真空吸入法来输送低黏度液体。1.Materialpretreatmentandtransportation

Includingpre-meltingandpre-dissolvingofrawmaterials;

Thematerialcanbetransportedbycentrifugalpump,rotarypump,toothwheelpump,etc.,andsometimesvacuumsuctiondeliverlowviscosityliquids.TechnologyProcess2.Ingredients(mixoremulsify)Mixing

includingcoldmixingandhotmixing,mainequipment:batchingpotwithjacketandstirringEmulsification

①choiceofemulsifier(accordingtoHLBvalue)

②choiceofemulsificationmethod

Naturalemulsification

Phaseinversionemulsification

Forcedemulsification(bymeansofanemulsifier)3.加香加色(加香T≤50℃，色素加量：千分之几）4.产品黏度的调整（加增粘剂）

透明型：加氯化钠等无机盐

乳液型：加PEG等水溶性高分子化合物或

高碳醇等3.AddingessenceandcolorT≤50℃,pigmentdosage:afewthousandths4.Productviscosityadjustment(plustackifier)

Transparenttype:addinginorganicsaltssuchassodiumchloride

Emulsiontype:addwater-solublepolymercompoundsuchasPEGorHighalcohol,etc.5．PH调节（加PH缓冲剂）6.过滤7.排气（真空脱气）8.包装5.PHadjustment(pluspHbuffer)6.Filter7.Exhaust(vacuumdegassing)8.PackagingⅥFormulationexamplesoflaundrydetergent1.Formulationdesignprinciples(1)economy(2)theapplicability(3)selectionofwashingassistants2.Formulationandpreparationofliquiddetergentforclothing(1)liquiddetergentforordinaryclothingformula1quantity/%formula2quantity/%Dodecylsulfonates十二烷基磺酸盐12.5sodiumxylenesulfonate二甲苯磺酸钠6.0Fattyacidmonoethanolamine脂肪酸单乙醇胺1.0Fattyaciddiethanolamine脂肪酸二乙醇胺1.0citricacid柠檬酸19.5essenceandpigment香精、色素Appropriate适量water水margin余量Preparationprocess:theaboverawmaterialsareaddedintothewaterinturnandstirredevenly.本产品用于洗涤纺织品，效果良好，特别在洗涤棉纺织品时其均匀性、去污力和稳定性等都十分优良。本产品不合磷，符合环境保护的有关规定和要求。将上述原料混合搅拌均匀，最后加入柠檬酸及蛋白酶或淀粉酶，继续搅拌至完全溶解均匀即可。本产品因含酶制剂，洗涤效果比一船洗涤剂高30％，特别对血、脓、牛奶、可可和排泄物等污垢，洗涤效果尤其显著。本品pH值为4.3左右的范围内应用，在软、硬水中都具有优良的去污能力。formula2quantity/%formula2quantity/%LAS十二烷基苯磺酸钠28.5paratoluenesulfonicacidsodiumsalt对甲苯磺酸钠15.0Coconutoilfattyaciddiethanolamine椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇胺15.0triethanolamine三乙醇胺15.0ethanediol乙二醇20.0citricacid柠檬酸19.0Proteaseoramylase蛋白酶或淀粉酶0.5essenceandpigment香精、色素Appropriate适量water水margin余量Preparationprocess:mixingandstirringtheaboverawmaterials,andfinallyaddingcitricacidandproteaseoramylase,andstirringuntilcompletelydissolved.(2)HeavydutylaundryliquiddetergentAPPLICATION:Washthedirtyclothessuchasroughfabricandunderwear.Themainpartoftheformulationisthesurfactant,whichisusuallyhighlyalkalineformula3quantityscore％formula3quantityscore％2-十二烯基琥珀酸盐10.4柠檬酸3.7污垢松散多聚物0.5二乙烯三胺0.8氯化钙0.01甲酸钠0.9三乙醇胺6.0氢氧化钠5.6乙醇6.0十二烷基磺酸盐8.0椰子油烷基磺酸盐2.5脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚17.0油酸3.7酶0.15水余量制法：按照配方中各成分的顺序依次加入混合器中、搅拌均匀。Preparationprocess:accordingtotheorderofingredientsintheformula,addthemixerandmixevenly.②制法：先将水加热至50℃，边搅拌边缓慢加入脂肪醇醚硫酸盐，同样依次加入脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚，搅拌混合均匀冷却后，再加入茶皂素、防腐剂、香精和色素等搅拌均匀，即成产品。（3）Specialdetergent配方4质量分数％配方4质量分数％脂肪醇醚硫酸盐fattyalcoholethersulfates3.0脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚

fattyalcoholpolyoxyethyleneether

3.0壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚nonylphenolethoxylates3.0茶皂素teasaponin10.0防腐剂preservative0.01香精essence适量色素color

适量水water

余量Preparationprocess:first,heatthewaterto50degrees,thenslowlyaddfattyalcoholethersulfatesatthesideofstirring,addfattyalcoholpolyoxyethyleneetherandnonylphenolethoxylatesinthesameorder,stirandmixevenlyandcooldown,thenaddteasaponin,preservative,essenceandcolor.Stirevenly.实训项目：洗衣液

ⅥPractice----PreparationoflaundrydetergentLaundrydetergentmostlycompoundedwithnonionicsurfactants,anionicsurfactantsandzwitterionicsurfactant,ThepHisclosetoneutral,gentletotheskin,andeasilybiodegradedafterbeingdischargedintothenaturalworld.

Atthesametime,specialeffectcomponentscanbeaddedtomeetthespecialrequirements,suchaslaundrysuppledoubleeffect,preventcorrosionofmetalbuttons,zippers,buttonsandtheinnerwallofthewashingmachineandsoon.1.Introductionoflaundrydetergent2.Purposeoftraining1）Deepenstudents'understandingoftheformulationdesignoflaundrydetergent.2）Mastertheblendmethodandoperationofliquiddetergent.3）Improvestudents'practicalabilityandoperationskills.3.TrainingequipmentElectronicbalance,motoragitator,deionizedwaterdevice,beakerconstanttemperaturewaterbath4.DetergentformulaAES:SodiumAlcoholEtherSulphate,

anionicsurfactantSolubleinwater,withexcellentdecontamination,emulsification,foamingperformanceandwaterresistance,mildwashingpropertieswillnotdamagetheskin.FormulaanalysisAsanon-ionicsurfactant,itcanbeappliedtoemulsifiersforemulsion,creamandshampoocosmetics.Ithasexcellentwatersolubilityandcanbeusedtoproduceoilinwateremulsion.Itcanalsobeusedasanantistaticagent.Asahydrophilicemulsifier,itcanenhancethesolubilityofsomesubstancesinwater,andcanbeusedasanemulsifierformakingO/Wemulsion.Ithasgoodemulsifying,detergent,cleaningandotherproperties,andi