考研英语语法十天速成超详细笔记khdaw

考研英语语10天速must/mustn’t,;can/cann’t;need/needn’t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn’t;should/shouldn’t;ought等情态动词＋MypainapparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:”Areyoufeelingallright?”mustbe[B]hadbeen[C]musthavebeen[D]hadto（答案为can’tcouldn’thave+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“（昨天）一定没……”。如：Marymyletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.couldn’thavereceived[B]oughttohave[C]hasreceived[D]shouldn’thave（答案为maymighthave过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也AtFloridaPower’sCrystalRivernt,apotentiallyseriousleakageofradioactivewatermayhavebeenunknowinglycausedbyanelectrician.needn’thave过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，相当于”didn’tneedtodo”,译为“其实没必要……”。如：Youneedn’thavecomeoveryourself.Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,weso[A]needn’tdressup[B]didnotneedhavedressed[C]didnotneeddressup[D]needn’thavedressedshouldhave过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，译为“本应该……”shouldnothave过去分词表示本不应Iregrethavinglefttheworkunfinished;Ishouldhavennedeverythingaheadoughttohave过去分词，表示动作按理该发生了，但实际上未发生，译为“该……”should的完成式含义类似。Ｔheporteroughttohavecalledthefire-brigadeassoonashesawthefireinthestock,whichwentupinsmoke.couldhave过去分词，表示过去本来可以做但却未做，译为“完全可以……”。这点与ought/shouldhave过去分Whatyousaidisright,butyoucouldhavephraseditmoreItmighthavebeenbettertoincludemorepunchystatisticsandphotosofequipmentintheintroductiontofurtherassistfirst-timeofficeautomationmanagers.1)．may/mightjustaswell不妨，最好”，与hadbetterSincetheflightwascancelled,youmightaswellgoby既然航班已经取消了，你不妨乘火车吧。相当于youhadbettergobytrain/…“Youcannotbetoocarefulwhenyoudriveacar.驾车时候，越越好Thefinalchaptercoversorganizationalchangeanddevelopment.Thissubjectcannotbeoveremphasized．usedn’tdid’tuseto为usedtodo)behavedlikethat.我无法想象他竟然这样做。 YourhairwantscuttingThebookisworthreadingThefloorrequireswashing.need既可以用needtobedone也可以使用needng，两种形式都表达的意Thehouseneedspainting=thehouseneedstobepainted.Thewatchneededrepairing=thewatchneededtoberepaired.一般来说，从构词法角度来看，后缀y往往是副词，但有的以ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，这点要注意；形容词一costlylonelydeadlylively活泼的friendly友好的sillykindlyleisurelyuglybrotherlymonthlyearthlyafraidalikeawakealonealiveashamedasleep睡着的 的、察觉到的well健康的content满意的 earthendailylattergoldenweeklyinnersilken丝一般的monthly每月的outer外面的wooden木制的yearly每年的elder年长的woolen的 前任的mere 仅，只不过only 惟一的sheer 纯粹的very 恰好的little 小的live remain e,getgrowgocome,turnstay,standrunprove,seem,appear,look如：Allthoseleftundonemaysoundgreatintheorybuteventhetruestbelieverhasgreatdifficultywhenitcomestospecifics. Doyouenjoylisteningtorecords?Ifindrecordsareoften,orbetterthananactualperformance.[A]asgoodas[B]asgood[C]good[D]goodas在这里asgoodasbetterthan比较连词同时出现时候，不能省略任何一个介词。答案为Onthewhole,ambitiousstudentsaremorelikelytosucceedintheirstudiesthanarethosewithlittleThenumberofregisteredparticipantsinthisyear’smarathonwashalf[A]oflastyear’s[B]thoseoflast[C]ofthoseoflastyear[D]thatoflast（前后相比的应该是今年和去年参加的人数“thenumberof”故代替它的应该是单数指示代词“that”，而不能选择B，those是指代participants，不是同类对比，答案为D。Youngreaders,moreoftenthannot,findthenovelsofdickensfarmoreexcitingthan原级结构中可插入表达倍数的词，表示为“为….若干倍”,当与有表示倍数比较的词在一起时候等，他们的位置是，倍数词+as…as…,或倍数词+more…than…，但again“as+原级＋again+as”.Smokingissoharmfultoalhealththatitkillspeopleeachyearthanauto[A]sevenmoretimes[B]seventimes[CoverseventimesDseventimes(答案为B)“Doyouregretpayingfivehundreddollarsforthepainting?”“No,Iwouldgladlyhavepaidfor[A]twicesomuch[B]twiceas[CasmuchtwiceDsomuchtwice(答案为B)Myuncleisasold againasIam4）inferior,minor,senior,prior,prefertosuperior,major,junior,preferable,differfrom,comparedwithincomparisonwith,differentfrom,ratherthan.如：Theirwatchistoalltheotherwatchesonthe[A]superior[B]advantageous[C]super[D]（答案为Priortohisdeparture,headdressedalettertohisdaughter1986年考研题5）“＋and+”或“moreandmore/lessandless+原级”以及“ever,steadily,daily等副词＋”结构表示“越来越……”的意思，与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow,get e等。前面两种情况地出现在进行时态中，ThingsaregettingworseandAsIspoketohimhebecamelessandlessangry.Herhealthwas ingdailyworseTheroadgoteverworseuntiltherewasnoroadatall=theroadgotworseand前面可以用evenstillyetallthemore)等修饰语用以加强语气，表示“更加”的意思。如TodayitisevencolderthanyesterdayIhaveyetmoreexcitingnewsfor有 notsomuch…as…与其说……不如说Thechiefreasonforthepopulationgrowthisn’tsomuchariseinbirthratesafallindeathratesasaresultofimprovementsinmedicalcare.[A]and[B]as[C]but[D]Theheartis ligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythe[A]notso[B]notmuch[C]muchmore[D]noThereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutake,theycanlimithowmuchwateryou[A]muchmorethan[B]nomore[C]nolessthan[D]anymore（答案为Sheisnolessbeautifulthanhersister.justas…so…正如…………也……（用倒装结构Justasthesoilisapartoftheearth,the[A]asitis[B]thesameis[C]sois[D]andso（答案为in,(all)over用于在某一范围内的比较，如：in,allovertheofamong用于在同一群体内同类事物的比较，如：amongtheteachers,ofthefour注意：among…oneof不说amongall…。这一点考生应与汉语表达区别开来allvisiblelights,redlighthasthelongestandviolettheshortest[AAmongBOfC]ForD]To答案为anyother+单数名词theother+复数名词theothersanyone/anythingelse能说：Johnrunsfasterthananyone.注意与汉语表达的不同。most可以用来修饰形容词或副词，意思相当于very，用法区分单复数，但不能用定冠词the，如：amostinterestingbook,mostexpensiverestaurants，要注意与“the+形容词 ＋of+名词”的结构表示的 HespokeinthewarmestofvoicesTheyhavebeenmostkindtoBasketballisthemostpopularofsportsinthiscountry.isthemostdifficultoflanguageisamostdifficultlanguage 的形容词：1）表示颜色的有：white,black表示性质和特征的有：atomic,economic,scientific,sonic,golden,silvery,woolen,earthensilent,full,empty,sure,dead,deaf,blind,lame,rainy,表示时间、空间和方位的有：daily,weekly,monthlyannualpresentfrontbackforward,backwardeast,west,south,north,left,right,final表示极限、主次、等级的有： um,minimum,utmost,main,major,chiefminor,superior,inferior,senior,junior,super,favorite含有绝对概念的有：absolute,entirewhole,totalperfectexcellentthorough Theideallistenerstaysbothinsideandoutsidethemusicatthemomentitisyedandenjoysitalmostasmuchasthecomposeratthemomenthecomposes.大多数情况下平行结构都是具有一定的比较含义的，有的是递进对比notonly…but(alsoprefer…to…;ratherthan有的是同类对比：and;but；or；both…and…；either…or…;neither…nor…..Itisbettertodieone’sfeetthan[A]livingonone’sknees[B]liveonone’s[C]onone’sknees[D]toliveonone’s(答案为Despitethetemporarydifficulties,themanagerprefersincreasingtheoutputtodecreasingit.Wearetaughtthatabusinesslettershouldbewritteninaformalstyleina alstyle.[A]ratherthan[B]otherthan[C]betterthan[D]lessthan答案为Forthenewcountrytosurvive,foritspeopletoenjoyprosperity,neweconomicpolicieswillbe[A]tonameafew[B]letalone[C]nottospeak[D]let’sthaninto（答案为thanintoAttimes,morecaregoesintothecompositionofnewspaperandmagazineadvertisementswritingofthefeaturesandeditorials.that指代不可数名词和单数可数名词（如是复数，用thosethatof。如Conversationcallsforawillingnesstoalternatetheroleofspeakerwiththatoflistener,anditcallsforoccasional“digestivepauses”byboth.that指代前面的therole。NobreadeatenbymenissosweetasthatearnedbyhisownAgoodwriteriswhocanexpressthe cein mon[A]that[B]he[C]oneForhimtobere-elected,whatisessentialisnotthathis works,butthatthepublicbelievethatitEachcigarettea smokesdoessomeharm,andeventuallyhemaygetaseriousdiseaseformits这里he指代前面 Itwasduringthe1920’sthatthefriendshipbetweenthetwoAmericanwritersHemingwayandreacheditshighest这里its指代前面的两人的friendshipOurdepartmentwasmonitoredbytwosupervisors,Billand这里me由eitheror,neither…nornotonly…butalso)连接先行词时候，如果两个先行词在数和性上保持一致，就用其相应NeitherMarynorAlicehasherkeywithNeitherthepackagenorthelettershavereachedtheirdestinationIfeitherDavidorJanetcomes,heorshewillwantadrinknoone,everyone,each,everybodynoneanybodysomeone,somebody用作主语或主语的限定词时候,或者anythingnothingsomethingeverything等不定代词作主语时候，其相应的代词一般按照语法一致原则，采取单数Everybodytalkedatthetopofhisvoice.Noneoftheboyscandoit,canhe?Everythingisready,isn’t当主语为复数形式，后跟each作同位语each位于动词之前，其后的代词或相应的限定词用复数形式；如果Theyeachhavetwoweareeachresponsibleforhisown由and如：thetouristandbusinessmenlosttheirluggageintheBuyingclothesisoftenatime-consumingjobbecausethoseclothesthata likesarerarelytheconesthatfithimorher.Tounderstandthesituationcompleyrequiresmorethoughtthanhasbeengiventhusfar.TwoweekswastooFivetimesfivemakestwentylawandordersoapandwateracupandsaucerforkandknifetheneedleandthreadtrialanderrorhorseandcarriagetimeandtidebreadandbuttertheebbandflow如：Iflawandordernot ,neitherthecitizennorhispropertyisA.isB.areC.wasd.Linguisticsisabranchofstudyonhumanlanguage.ThechaoswasstoppedbyThenewsisagreatencouragementtoAseriesofdebatesbetweenthelectureswasscheduledforthenext用andBreadandbutterisourdailyfoodTimeandtidewaitsfornoman二．谓语用复数情况andbothandbothafewmanyseveralFewpeopleknowheandIwereclassmateswhenwewereatThepeoplearebraveandhardworkingThecattlearegrazinginthesunshineTheJapanesewereoncevery Threemilliontonsofcoalwereexportedthatyear1）either…orneither…norwhether…or…;notonly…butalsoorNeithermoneynorfamehasinfluenceonmeNotonlyyoubutalsoheiswrong)Blockingtheopen-sidedporch,framedbytheenvelo fog,standsatallgrave-faced Justoutsidetheruinsisamagnificentbuildingsurroundedbytalltrees.Althoughagreatnumberofhousesinthatareaarestillinneedofrepair,therehasbeenimprovementinthefacili主语带有（together/along）withsuchas,paniedbyaswellas,nolessthanexceptbesides,with,combinedwithinadditiontoincludingtogetherwith等等附加成分，谓语的数不受附加成分的影响仍然与主语保ProfessorTaylor,withsixofhisstudents,isattendingaconferenceinBostonorganizedtocomparecurrentpracticeintheUnitedStateswiththoseofothernations.Theofthecollege,togetherwiththedeans,isnningaconferenceforthepurposeoflayingdowncertainregulations.(1981年考研题)Despitemuchresearch,therearestillcertainelementsinthelifecycleoftheinsectthatarenotfullyTherearemanyvaluableserviceswhichthepublicarewillingtopayfor,butwhichdonotbringareturninmoneytothecommunity.这些短语包括：alotof/lotsof;plentyof/heapsof;halfof;two-third(three-…)of;eighty(ten,twenty…)percent;partof;restof;noneof等等Two-thirdsofpeoplepresentarewomenLotsofdamagewascausedbythefire时候，谓语动词就用复数。这些集体名词如：army,audience,band,ernment,group,flock,,public,staffteamtroopCrowdfirmfamily等等ThefamilyisthebasicunitofoursocietyThefamilywerewatchingtheTVTheaudiencewasTheaudienceweregreatlymovedatthewordsagreatmany+anumberof+可数名词复数谓语用复数themajorityofthenumberof+可数名词复数谓语用单数each/every+可数名词复数谓语用单数neither/eitherofoneandahalf+可数名词复数谓语用单数therestmorethanone+可数名词单数谓语用单数 manya+可数名词单数谓语用单数therestthegreaterpart alargeproportion 50% onethird plenty谓语的数与of后面的名词一致(n)either…(n)or….notonly…..butalso…… notbut谓语的数与主语的第二部分（即(n)or/butalsobut引导的后面部分）一致.MorestudentsthanonehavebeenreferredtoMorethanonestudentisgoingtobuythisbook辞段，目的是为了强调。倒装分为部分倒装和全部倒装，考试多为部分倒装。考生应掌握什么情况下需要倒装Downjumpedtheburglarfromthetenthfloorwhenheheardsomeoneshoutedathim.Upwentthe 出于习惯用法：here,there,nowthus,hence,then.如：Nowisyourturn.Theregoesthebell.HereisaticketforThereexistedacertaindoubtamongthestudentsastothenecessityof“whereisthecup？”“Hereitis！”Hereyouare.ThereheLessimportantthaneveris ameaningfulphilosophyofInbetweenthesetwoextremesarethosepeoplewhoagreewiththejurysystemasawhole,butfeelthatsomechangesneedtobeimplementedtoimproveitseffectiveness.never,noneither,notonly,hardly,scarcely,little,seldom,rarely,notuntilnowhere,atnotime,onnoaccount,innorespect,innosense,bynomeans,invain,stillless。如：Notonlyisitsdirectattackontheirdiscipline,itbypassestheessenceofwhatsociologistsfocuson.UndernocircumstancesshouldwedoanythingthatwillbenefitourselvesbutharmtheinterestsoftheLittledidweexpectthathewouldfulfillhistasksorapidly.Suddenly,Gallup’snamewasoneveryone’slips;notonlywashetheprophetofthemoment,butitgenerallybelievedthathehadfoundedanewandmostimportantmethodofonlythenonlyatthattime,onlyonce,onlyinthisway,onlywithonlythroughonlyby,onlywhenonlyafter,onlybecause。如：Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedsufficientdatacometoasoundconclusion. B]would C]you D]you oftensowelltosuchadegreetosuchanextenttosuchextremes,tosuchapointmanyatime。如：Soinvolvedwiththeircomputersthatleadersatsummercomputercampsoftenhavetothemtobreakforsportsandgames.[A]becamethechildren ethe[C]hadthechildren e[D]dothechildren (2001年考研题，答案为D)as,than引导的比较从句中，如果主语是名词短语且较长，经常采用倒装结构（不倒装也可以。注意：这种结构主语一般HydrogenburnsmuchmorecleanlythandootherfuelsandiseasytoToday’selectuiccarscannotgoasfastasgasoline-drivenvehiclesbecausethebatterydoesnotofferthesameamountofenergyasdoesgasolinecombustion.Readingistothemindasisexercisetothebody.Theyhavegotup,andsohasIfyoudon’tagreeto n,neitherwill6．“notonly..butalso”结构时，如果notonlybutalso)句子后面不倒装Notonlydidweloseallourmoney,butwealsocameclosetobeingbroke.MuchasIhavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequalher,inthoroughness,whateverthejob.Braveastheyare,theyareafraidoffightWhileit’struethatweallneedacareer,preferablyaprofitableone,itisequallytruethatourcivilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledge—beitscientificoric.Thebusinessofeachdaysellinggoodsorshipthem,wentquite[AitbeingBbeitCwasitDitwas答案为nomatterhow(who…);however引导的让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构，但不是主谓倒装，而是将被强调的内容置Nomatterhowbusyheis,hehastoattendtheHowevercolditis,healwaysgoesShesaidthat muchprogresssinceshecamemakesB.madeC.havemadeDhad“What’sthematter,Ali?Youlooksad."“Oh,nothingmuch.Asamatteroffact,ImyfriendsbackA.justthoughtB.havejustbeenthinkingC.wasjustthinkingD.havejustS