音乐术语大全

一、速度1.慢速类Lento约=52慢板Adagio约=56柔板多用于奏鸣曲中段乐章和浪漫派乐曲抒情乐章2.中速类Andante约=66行板Moderato约=88中速多用于奏鸣曲中段乐章和浪漫派乐曲抒情乐章3.快速类Allegretto约=108小快板Allegro约=132快板Presto约=184急板多用于奏鸣曲1.3乐章和练习曲等4.速度改变类rit渐慢temporubato自由速度，但总时值符合基本速度(这就是肖邦作品中最难的东西)atempo回原速piumosso稍快menomosso稍慢二、力度1.强和弱pp很弱p弱mp中弱mf中强f强ff很强sf突强(贝多芬的典型标记)2.力度改变dim渐弱morendo渐渐消逝cresc.渐强sempre始终，始终保持三、表情dolce柔软地espress.有表情地cantabile歌颂地grazioso美丽高雅地mesto愁闷地.哀痛地dolendobrillante辉煌地，炫耀地appass.热忱地，激情地scerzando诙谐，风趣地leggiero灵巧地四、奏法legato连奏nonlegato非连奏stace.断奏，跳音gliss刮奏五、踏板ped踏板senzaped不用踏板u.c.左踏板trec.中踏板(只有三角钢琴的中踏板在演奏中才有用处)六、其他major大调minor小调tema主题m.d.右手m.s.左手tr.颤音tremolo震音D.C.从头反复(李查德的比较多)solo独奏cadenza华彩accelerando(accel.)渐快的acappella无伴奏合唱absolutemusic纯音乐，非标题音乐absolutepitch肯定音高(听觉)abstractmusic抽象音乐accent重音accidental(s)变音记号accordion手风琴acoustics声学action弦高，即弦距离指板的高度adagietto小柔板(66拍/分钟)adagio柔板(56拍/分钟)Added-sixthchord加六度和弦allegretto小快板(108拍/分钟)allegro快板(132拍/分钟)allemande阿勒曼德alteredchord变和弦Andalusia安达露西亚(西班牙地名)andante行板(72拍/分钟)andantino小行板(80拍/分钟)animato活泼的快板(120拍/分钟)Anti-impressionism反印象主义anticipation先现音anvil乐砧Aranjuez阿兰胡埃斯(吉他协奏曲)aria咏叹调arpeggio琶音artist艺术家ascending上行assai特别快的快板(144拍/分钟)，很Asturias阿斯图里亚斯(西班牙地名)atonality无调性augmentation绽开augmentedsixthchord增六和弦augmentedtriad增三和弦augmented增(音程)authenticcadence正格终止Bach,JohannSebastian约翰塞巴斯第安巴赫[德国]back背板ballata叙事曲ballet芭蕾bandmusic军乐band军乐队bar小节(barline小节线,measure)bariton男中音Baroque巴洛克Barrueco,Manuel马努埃巴鲁埃科[古巴]bass低音bassclarinet低音单簧管bassclef低音谱号bassdrum大鼓basstuba低音大号bass低音号bass男低音bassoon大管(巴松)belcanto美声binaryform二段式，二部曲式(AB)bitonality双重调性blues布鲁斯bongo邦戈鼓bourree布列brasswindinstruments铜管乐器Brazilian巴西的Bream,Julian朱里安布里姆[英国]breve二全音符brokenchord分解和弦Brouwer,Leo里奥布劳威尔[古巴]cadanza华彩乐段musicalform体裁cadence终止canon卡农cantata康塔塔capriccio随想曲caprice随想曲castanets响板cedar雪松cello大提琴chaconne恰空舞曲chaconne恰空chimes排钟choir合唱团choralmusic合唱音乐choral众赞歌chord和弦，和声chord和弦chorus合唱chromatichalf-tone改变半音chromaticinterval改变(音程)chromaticscale半音阶chromatictone改变全音chromatic半音的clarinet单簧管(黑管)classical古典的Classicism古典主义clavier(18世纪)键盘乐器clef谱号(Gclef,Fclef,Cclef)climax高潮coda尾声coloraturasoprano花腔女高音commonmeter一般拍子(4/4)comparison对比complextone复音(compositetone)compoundduplemeter(s)复二拍子(6/2,6/4,6/8)compoundinterval复音程compoundmeter(s)复拍子compoundquadruplemeter(s)复四拍子(12/4,12/8,12/16)compoundtriplemeter(s)复三拍子(9/4,9/8)concertmaster首席concerto协奏曲concerto,concierto协奏曲ConcreteMusic详细音乐Accidentalism偶然主义conductor指挥consonant协和(音程、和弦)contraC大字二组Ccontrabassoon低音大管Córdoba科尔多巴(西班牙地名)cornet短号Coste,Napoléon拿破仑科斯特[法国]counterpoint对位courante库朗特crotchet四分音符(quarternote，美)cutaway被切去的部分cymbal钹deceptivecadence伪终止demisemiquaver三十二分音符descending下行development发展development绽开部diatonicinterval自然(音程)diatonicscale自然音阶passingtone经过音diminishedseventhchord减七和弦diminishedtriad减三和弦diminished减(音程)disc唱片，唱碟disco迪斯科suite组曲dissonant不协和(音程、和弦)dominantseventhchord属七和弦dominant(V)属音，属和弦dot附点dottednote附点音符dottedrest附点休止符doublebasstuba倍低音大号doublebass低音提琴guitar吉他doubledot复附点doublemordent复波音double-augmented倍增(音程)double-diminished倍减(音程)double-flat重降号double-sharp重升号dramaticsoprano戏剧女高音dramatictenor戏剧男高音duet二重奏duet二重奏duoduplemeter(s)二拍子(2/2,2/4,2/8)duplet二连音duration时值dynamicmark(s)力度标记dynamics力度ebony乌木，乌檀echo回音，回声eleventh十一度Englishhorn英国管enharmonicintervals等音程enharmonicnotes等音ensemble合奏(团体)equalizer均衡器estudio,etude练习曲etude练习曲euphonium尤风宁号exposition呈示部Expressionism表现主义falsechord假和弦resolution解决fantasia幻想曲fifth五度fingerboard指板firstinversion第一转位five-partform五段式fixed-do固定唱名法movable-do音调唱名法flat降调flat降号flute长笛four-lineoctave小字四组(four-line)four-partform四段式fourthchord四度和弦fourth四度foxtrot狐步舞Frenchhorn圆号，法国号frequency频率fret品行fugue赋格functionalharmony功能和声fundamental(tone)基音(firstpartial)Gallagher,KevinR.凯文盖拉格[美国]gigue吉格glissando滑音glockenspiel钟琴gong锣Goni,Antigoni安提戈尼戈尼[希腊]govotte加沃特Granada格拉纳达(西班牙地名)grave极慢板(40拍/分钟)greatC大字组Cguitar吉他guitarist吉他演奏家，吉他手guitarra吉他，吉他拉habanera哈巴涅拉halfcadence半终止half-tone半音harmonicanalysis和声分析harmonicinterval和声音程harmonicsequence和声模进harmonic和声的harmony和声学harp竖琴harpsichord拨弦古钢琴head符头head，headstock琴头hemidemisemiquaver六十四分音符(sixty-fourthnote，美)homophonicmusic主调音乐homophony主调hook符尾(tail)imperfectcadence不完全终止Impressionism印象主义instrumentalmusic器乐instrumentation乐器法intensity强度intermezzo间奏曲interlude间奏(曲)interruptedcadence阻碍终止interval音程invention创意曲inversion转位(complement)invertedmordent逆波音(lowermordent;invertedturn回音irregularmeter(不规则)混合拍子(7/4,11/7)jazz爵士乐justintonation纯律kettledrum定音鼓keysignature调号key调keyboard键盘(乐)lacquer硝基漆，日本漆larghetto小广板(60拍/分钟)largo广板(46拍/分钟)leadingtone(VII)导音，导和弦(subtonic)legato连音，连奏legerline(s)加线(ledgerline(s))lento慢板(52拍/分钟)line线loudness响度lullaby摇篮曲lute疏特琴lyra乐徽lyricsoprano抒情女高音madrigal牧歌maestoso庄板(88拍/分钟)magicflute魔笛mahogany桃花心木，红木major大调majortriad大三和弦major大(音程)major大调march进行曲marimba玛林巴mass弥撒mazurka玛祖卡McFadden,Jeffrey杰夫瑞麦克法登[加拿大]mediant(III)中音，中音和弦melodiccontour旋律轮廓melodicinterval旋律音程melodicprogression旋律进行melodicsequence旋律模进melodic旋律的melody旋律meter拍子(time)metronome节拍器Metronome节拍机(M.M.=Malzel';s~)mezzosoprano次女高音，女中音Microtonalism微分音主义minim二分音符(halfnote，美)Minimalism省略(简约)主义minor小调minortriad小三和弦minor小(音程)minor小调minuet小步舞曲mode调式(狭指教会调式;广指调式)moderato中板(96拍/分钟)modulation转调monophonicmusic单声部音乐mordent波音(uppermordent)motive动机movement乐章movement乐章multi-meter改变拍子musicalform曲式musicalinstrument乐器musicaltone乐音Nationalisminmusic民族乐派naturalhalf-tone自然半音naturaltone自然全音natural自然的nature还原号intonation音准neck琴颈neighboringtone协助音(auxiliarytone，upperorlower)Neoclassicism新古典主义ninthchord九和弦ninth九度nocturn夜曲noise噪音notation记谱法note(s)音符nut琴马oboe双簧管octave八度octave八度one-linedoctave小字一组(one-line)one-partform一段式，一部曲式opera歌剧opus(Op.)作品oratorio清唱剧orchestra管弦乐队orchestra管弦乐队orchestration配器法organ风琴ornament(s)装饰音overtoneseries泛音列overtone(s)泛音overture序曲Paganini,Niccolo尼古罗帕格尼尼[意大利]Papandreou,Elena艾琳娜帕潘德里欧[希腊]parallelkeys同主音调Parkening,Christopher克里斯托弗帕肯宁[美国]partial(s)分音(partialtone)passacaglia帕萨卡利亚passion受难曲pause延长号(hold,fermata)pedal踏板peg弦轴pentatonic五声的percussion(s)打击乐perfectcadence完全终止perfect完全，纯(音程)period乐段phrase乐句phrasing分句piano钢琴piccolo短笛pick拾音器pipeorgan管风琴pitchname音名pitch音高plagalcadence变格终止Platino,Franco富兰科普拉提诺[意大利]podium指挥台Pointillism点描派polka波尔卡polonaise波洛涅兹polyphonicmusic复调音乐polyphony复调polytonality多调性Ponce,Manuel马努埃庞塞[墨西哥]prelude前奏曲prelude前奏(曲)presto急板(184拍/分钟)Primitivism原始主义programmusic标题音乐psychoacoustics心理声学puretone纯音purfling镶边，环饰quadruplemeter(s)四拍子(4/2,4/4,4/8)quadruplet四连音quarter-sawn将(原木)纵向锯成四块再锯成木板的quartet四重奏quaver八分音符(eighthnote，美)quintet五重奏quintuplemeter五拍子quintuplet五连音range音域(compass)rattle摇响器Realism现实主义recapitulation再现部recitative宣叙调RecuerdosdelaAlhambra《阿尔罕布拉宫的回忆》reduction改编(缩编)register音区reguiem安魂曲relativekeys关系大小调relativepitch相对音高(听觉)Renaissance文艺复兴repertoire保留曲目，全部曲目repetition重复rest(s)休止符rhapsody狂想曲rhythm节奏rhythmicpattern节奏型Rococo洛可可Rodrigo,Joaquin胡埃金罗德里戈[西班牙]Romanticism浪漫主义Romero,Angel安杰尔罗梅罗[西班牙]Romero,Celedonio塞拉多尼奥罗梅罗[西班牙]Romero,Celin塞林罗梅罗[西班牙]Romero,Pepe佩佩罗梅罗[西班牙]rondoform回旋曲式(ABACA)rondosonataform回旋奏鸣曲式rootposition原位root根音(fundamental)rosette音孔环饰，玫瑰花饰rosewood玫瑰木，青龙木，黑黄檀roundedbinaryform(有再现的)二段式rumba伦巴Russel,David大卫罗素[英国]sarabande萨拉班德saxophone萨克斯管scaledegree(调式)音级scalestep音级(音级数：numberofscalestep)scale音阶scherzo谐谑曲score乐谱score总谱secondinversion其次转位second二度Segovia,Andrés安德列斯塞戈维亚[西班牙]semibreve全音符(wholenote，美)semiquaver十六分音符(sixteenthnote，美)septuplet七连音sequence模进serenade小夜曲，月下情歌serenade小夜曲Serialism序列主义seventhchord七和弦seventh七度Seville塞维利亚(西班牙地名)sextuplet六连音sharp升调sharp升号side侧板sidedrum小鼓sight-singing视唱simpleinterval单音程simplemeter(s)单拍子sixthchord六和弦sixth六度sixth-fourchord四六和弦smallc小字组cSllscher,Gran戈兰索舍尔[瑞典]solo独奏solo独奏(唱)sonataform奏鸣曲式sonata奏鸣曲sonatina小奏鸣曲songswithoutword无词歌soprano女高音Sor,Fernando费尔南多索尔[西班牙]sostenuto持音sound音space间Spanish西班牙的spruce云杉staccato断音，断奏staff五线谱staff乐谱stage舞台stem符干step音级(scalestep,degree)string琴弦stringedinstruments弦乐器Structuralism结构主义subdominant(IV)下属音，下属和弦submediant(VI)下中音，下中音和弦(super-dominant)suite组曲supertonic(II)上主音，上主和弦suspension延留音symphonicpoem交响诗symphony交响曲syncopation切分音tabor塔波鼓Takemitsu,Toru武满彻[日本]tambourine铃鼓tango探戈tarantella塔兰台拉temperament乐律temperedscale平均律(equaltemperament)templeblock木鱼tempomark(s)速度标记tempo速度te