驾驶员酒精浓度检测装置设计(气体传感器)

外文原文1.GasSensor1.1gassensorresearchanddevelopmentstatussensingtechnologyofinformationtechnologyBianTechnology,intheaerospace,military,theenvironment,securitychecksandotherfieldsextensiveuseofgasgassensorforreal-timemonitoring,alarm,andinthefood,chemicalandotherindustrialareasalsomakesextensiveuseofgassensorsforgasodoridentification.Applicationofdemand-drivengassensortechnologyofrapidgrowth,indomesticandinternationalresearchinthisareacontinuedtodeepen,hasdevelopedmanydifferenttypesofgassensors,cansatisfydifferentrequirementsoftheoccasion.Putgassensorsandspecializedintegratedcircuitdetectionanalysis,specificgastothequantitativedetectionofsemi-quantitativeanalysis.Inthesegassensors,metaloxidesemiconductorgassensorisaresultofthelowprices,facilitatethemassproductionofthefeature,resultinginmoreapplications[11].Metaloxidesemiconductorgassensoristheuseofasemiconductormaterialparticlesspecificgasadsorptionsurfaceresistivityvaluechangesinthecharacteristicsmade,anditisaresistance-typesensor,mostwereforthedetectionofflammablegastargetsResistancevalueofitsgasandtheconcentrationofgashassomerelationship.Traditionalstructureofthemetaloxidegassensorisnotonlylarger,andthehugepowerconsumptionisveryhigh,Inmanyoccasions,unabletomeettherequirementsofgood,Meanwhilethedemandofthemarketrequirementsofthedevelopmentofgassensordevicesusemoreconvenient,cheaperprice,Thereforemicro-sensorresearchanddevelopmentistheinevitabledirectionofthecontinuousdevelopmentofsensortechnologyforthenewgenerationofgassensorsDevelopmenthaslaidasolidfoundation.Usingmaturesemiconductormicroelectronicsandthick-filmtechnology,thinfilmtechnologymanufacturinggassensors,micro-devicescouldbeachieved,Integration,andreducethepowerconsumptionofdevices,andsensordevicestoenablemassproduction,thusreducingthecost,Meanwhilesensorconsistencyandreliabilitycanbeguaranteed.Inthe20thcentury,sincethe1990s,micro-machining(MEMS)technologytothesensormanufacturingtechnologychanges,MEMStechnologyusedtocreatethegassensorperformancehasbeenfurtherimproved.MicroelectronicsTechnologyusuallyonlyfortwo-dimensionalstructureofthemanufacture,andthemicro-machiningtechnologycanbedesignedtocreateathree-dimensionalstructureofthemicro-structureofgassensors,Powersensordevicetoenableafurtherdeclineinmicro-sensorstructurehasmanyexcellentperformance,smallsize,lowpowerdissipation,workingtemperaturecanbepreciselymeasuredandcontrolled,withoutenvironmentalimpact,low-costmassproduction,consistencyandreliability.Yiandsignalacquisitionandprocessingintegratedcircuitstoachieveintelligent[13].Asinglesensororseparationofcomponentsduetothelong-termstabilityandselectivityoftheproblemsunabletosatisfactorilymeettherequirementsofpracticalapplications;andtheotherinvolvestheuseofsensorsgreatdealofpracticalproblems,toanalyzetheobjectgasisamixtureofingredientsmixture,Mixedgascomponentidentificationhasbecomethegasmeasurementsensortechnologyresearchanddevelopmentatthesummit.Inasinglesensorselectivityisrelativelyeasytoimprovethesituation,canbeusedinanumberofsensororchangetheworkingconditionsofgassensorsignalextractionfeaturetosolvethisdiscriminantaproblem.Willbeseparatesensorcombinationcomprisingsensorarray,Thisaccessthroughthesensorsignalfromtheoriginalsingle-sensorarraysintoasingleparameterofthemulti-parameter,increasingtheamountofinformation.Athomeandabroadhasbeenmademanyresearchunitsforthesensorarrayofresearchandhasmadegreatprogress.Butonlythecombinationofvarioussensors,itwillbedifficulttobreaknarrowplot,theactualapplicationwillbelimited.Usingmicro-structureofthegassensoreasyintegrationadvantages,anumberofgassensormodulesintegratedinthesamechip,Developmentofmicro-structuresensorarraydevices.Microgassensorarraytomeettheemergenceofsensorintegration,functionalandintelligentdevelopment.Thespeciesofminiaturegassensorarrayhasbecomethegassensingtechnologycurrentlyahotonedirection,itmaintainsthestructureofthemicro-sensorssmallsizeandlowpowerconsumptionadvantages,caneffectivelyovercomethesinglegassensorselectivityisnothigh,andraisethereliabilityofgasdetection,ItcanbeappliedtopatternrecognitiontechnologyusedgasIntelligentIdentificationSystem,notonlycanimprovetheabilitytodistinguishgas,buttheindividualdevicefailuredidnotaffecttheoverallwork,withacertaintolerance.Inpracticalapplicationssuchassmallgasdetectionsystemsorartificial-olfactorysystem,Integrateduseofanumberofmicro-sensorarraystructureasasensordetectiondevice,canimprovetheaccuracyofgasdetection,butalsoshortenthetestingtime.IntelligentGasSensoriscurrentlyinthesamedirection,micro-sensorarraysandmicroprocessorswiththesignalprocessingcircuit,makingbothdetectionsensors,judgmentandinformationprocessingfunctions.Atpresent,foreignownemergenceofgassensorsandmicro-controllerintegratedintothegasalarmfortheIC.Withtheaddition,thedevelopmentofinformationtechnology,particularlycomputernetworktechnologyadvancements,rightintelligentsensorinterfacecommunicationsfunctionsofthenewrequirements.Toachieveinformationcollection,processingandtransmissionofsynergyandunity,afieldbus-basedintelligentsensornetworks,thisisanewsensortechnologyapplications,Intelligentsensordatausingstandardcommunicationprotocols,withoutspecializedcircuitsandsoftwarecanbedirectlyconnectedtootherequipment.UsingBluetoothwirelesssensorstandards(IEEE1451agreement)asanexample.ItcandirectwirelessInternetaccess,datamanagementeasier,andreducethebottomofthesoftwaredevelopment,intheuseofalargenumberofsensorarrayapplications,suchasmulti-pointgasmonitoringindoorenvironmenthasobviousadvantages.1.2electronicnoseresearchpresentsituationanddevelops[12].the80'slaterperiods,theartificialintelligenceresearchhasmadethesignificantprogress,appearedtheusepatternrecognitionandsoontheartificialintelligencetechnologygassensorsystem,causedthegassensortechnologytomakegreatstridesforwardastridetotheintellectualizeddevelopment.Thiskindhastherecognitionfunctiongassensorsystemtobecalled“theelectronicnose”,afteritsprocesstrainingmayexaminemanykindsofgasingredient,carriesonthespecificgastherecognition.Theobjectiveneedaswellasthesensorandtheintellectualizedtechnologydevelopment,causesafterthe90'sthevariouscountries,theareatobeunceasinglythoroughtotheelectronicnosetechnologyresearch,andhasyieldedmanyresultsintheproductionaspect.Theelectronicnosehastheextremelybroadapplicationdomain,ithasprovidedonekindofobjectivegas,thesmellappraisal,moreoverismorerapidthanreliablytheartificialevaluation.Electronicnoseoneselfafterappliesinfoodindustryinthefermentationcontrol,foodstoringeffectresearch,fishfleshfreshnessaspectsandsoonsurvey.Alongwiththeresearchthoroughandtheelectronicnoseperformanceimprovement,theelectronicnosealreadyorsoonintheatmospheremonitor,automobileaspectsandsoonexhaustfastreal-timedetermination,securitycheck,medicinediagnosis,aerospaceaswellasmilitarynationaldefenseplayedmoreandmoremanyroles.TypicalelectronicnosesystemstructurelikeFig1-1：Figure1-1electronnosesystemstructurediagramThepatternrecognitionpartistheoverallsystem“thecerebrum”,carriesonthemassivesampletraininginadvance,obtainscertainclassifieddecision-makingmethod.Whencarriesonthegasrecognition,firstgathersthesensorarraysignal,processpretreatmentprocessesandsoonfiltrationnoise,returntooriginalstatedistortion,theextractioncharacteristicdata,aftercarriesontheclassifieddistinctiontodrawtheconclusion.Becausethepatternrecognitioncomputationloadisbig,thispartmanybyPCmachinerealizationrecognition.Intheelectronicnosethecommonlyusedpatternrecognitionmethodshavethestatisticalpatternrecognitionandtheartificialneuralnetworkspatternrecognition,inwhichartificialneuralnetworks(ArtificialNeuralNet)havethegoodfaulttoleranceandverystrongadaptiveness,inrealityobtainstheapplicationmassively.Forexampleintherobotresearchaspect,theelectronicnosetechnologyandtherobotartificialintelligencetechnologyunifiedconstitutedtherobotsenseofsmellfunction,becametherobotsenseorgantheimportantconstituent,couldsubstitutethehumantoworkinmanydangerousenvironment.Atpresenttheelectronicnoseresearchconcentratesinabelowsonaspect:1.gassensorarrayresearch,itisintheelectronicnosesystemthecrucialpart,includingthenewsensitivemechanism,thesensitivematerialresearchandcarriesontheminiaturegasarraypreparationwiththeMEMStechnologytheresearch;2.patternrecognitionresearch,includingsensordriftingcompensation,characteristicextraction,recognitionalgorithmandsoon:3.practicalresearch[14].Atpresentcommercializedalthoughtheelectronicnosethefunctionisstrong,butthepriceisexpensive,ifAlPhaCorporation'selectronicnosesellingpricefrom43000USdollarsto86000USdollarsdifferent,moreoverhasthegreatvolumemostly,doesnotsuitthedailyexaminationgastheneed.Atpresentinundertheguaranteesensitivitypremise,therealizationfacilitation,theminiaturization,simultaneouslyreducesthecost,isanelectronicnosebigtrendofdevelopment.Themicrostructuregassensorarrayandthelargescaleintegratedcircuit,thehighperformancemicroprocessorusemaycausetheelectronicnosesystemequipmentvolumetoreducegreatly,fromthisdevelopstheminiaturizedelectronicnosesystemmightbecomethecommonlyusedintellectualizedgasinstrumentation.Smallortheportablegasexaminationmeasuringapplianceisthegassensingtechnologyapplicationimportantdomain,insomeneedfieldoperationsituation,likethepetrifiedpipelineservice,placesandsoonmineshaftworkhasbecometheessentialequipment.Nowinthemarketthecommercializedgasinstrumentationveryaremany,butmostisexaminestheignitablegasthegasalarmapparatus,someusesthesinglesensorcomponent,alsohasusesmanysensorsthearray,theseinstrumentationworkingmainlytheresponsesignalwhichoutputstothesensordirectlymakesprocessing,thegasdensityscopewhichtheoutputresponsesignalcorresponds,thereforeisnothighincomplexenvironmentanti-jammingability,easytohavethemisinformation,isunabletodistinguishthesimilargasespecially.Theintellectualizedgasinstrumentationistheelectronicnosesystemonestepwhichmakesgreatstridesforwardtothepracticalapplication.Buthastheelectronicnosecharacteristicsmallinstrumentationatpresentalsonotthewidespreaduse,mainlyhasnextseveraldifficultiestoneedtosolve:Oneisthegassensorarrayperformance,themicrostructuregassensorarrayalthoughhasmanymerits,butthelong-termstabilityisbad,needstoconductthemassiveexperimentalstudy,improvesthecomponenttheperformance;Twoisthepresentmicroprocessingchiplikemonolithicintegratedcircuitalsoisinsufficientthemassivecomputationswhichsupportsthepatternrecognitiontoneed.Trustalongwithscienceandtechnologyprogressandhumantosenseofsmellprocessunderstandingfurtherthorough,theelectronicnosefunctionwillcertainlytostrengthendaybyday,thepricemoreandmorewillbealsocheap,obtainsthewidespreadapplication.Thegassensorarrayintelligencetestsystemusestheelectronicnosethehardwarearchitecture,maytaketheelectronicnoseanditsgassensingengineeringresearchexperimentalplatform:Theportableethylalcoholinstrumentationistheelectronicnoseminiaturizationpracticalapplicationresearchconcreteachievement.Thedevelopmentgassensorarraytestsystemgoaliswhencarriesonthegassensorarraygasresponseperformancetheresearch,throughusestheautomatedtestsystem,reducestheman-powerandtheenvironmentinfluence,enhancesthetesttheduplicationandthereliability.Thissystemworkmechanismandtheelectronicnosehardwaresystemissame,thereforeusestheelectronicnosethehardwarearchitecturedesign,alsomaycarryontheelectronicnosethepatternrecognitionalgorithmresearch.goalsneedtostudythesensorinthegassensortrituratingmakeundertheconditioninthedifferentenvironmentandfthegasresponsecharacteristic,weighsthesensorthefitandunfitquality,summarizestriestofindoutthebestactivestatus,butthiscannotleavethegoodtestfacility.Atpresentstudiesthegassensorthegasresponsecharacteristictohavetestwaysandsoonthestaticstateandairbleed,installsthesensorintheairchamber,poursintothedensityknownsomekindofgasintheairchamber,throughgathersthesensortheresponsesignaldata,mayobtainthissensortothiskindofgasgasresponsecharacteristic.Intheusualsituationcarriesonthestatictestthesystemtousetheairtightlargecapacityairchamber,throughpoursintothesamplegasandmixescertainvolumeevenlyinthevesselthetestgas,thiskindoftestmethodequipmentissimple,butintheairchamberonthecomponentthesamplegascomingofftimeislong,carriesonthemassivegastestnotsuitably.Butusestheairbleedthewayispassesoverthecurrentcapacityconstantaircurrentinthelow-powerairchamber,inatimesectionthroughcertaindensitysamplegas,andgatheredbynowthecompartmentsensorresponsedata.Inbecausethiswaytheairchamberissmall,thecleanresidualgastimeisshort,thesensorcomponentmayrestoreveryquicklytotheoriginalstate,maycarryontheduplicatedexperimentfast,inparticularwhencarriesonthesensorarraythegascharacteristicresearchisveryadvantageous.Inviewofthegassensoraswellasthearrayperformanceresearch,needstohavethestandard,thestandardsurveymethodgainsthesensorarraytoeachkindofgasresponsedata.Ifthesensortestenvironmentalconditionisunstable,obtainsbetweenthedatadoesnothavethecommeasurability,noteasytoobtainthereflectionsensorcomponentrealperformanceresult.Thereforeneedstodeveloponekindtobeabletoenhancethegassensorandthearrayresearchreliabletestingdevice,itprovidestobeabletoestablishthegasdensityandthecurrentcapacitysizetestaircurrent,simultaneouslyaccuratelyobtainspromptlyunderthiskindoftestconditionthesensingcomponentresponsedata,observesintuitivelywhenthesensorsensitivegasdensitychangethesensoroccurscorresponding.Throughtothedifferentgastestingdeviceresearchcontrast,theunionatpresentcarriesontheneedwhichthegassensortests,designsasettocontrolbythecomputerusesinthetestsensorcomponentgascharacteristicapplicationsystem.Thistestsystemmainlycarriesonbythemetaloxidecompoundsemiconductorgassensorprimarilyresistancesensorperformancetestwork,maysimultaneouslycarryonmanysensorsorthesensorarraytestwork.Inordertostudythegassensorcomponenttogainthesensorgasresponsedatatoprovidetheconveniencereliablesurveymethod.Simultaneouslyhadconsideredthesystemfunctionexpansionfunction,enablesthissystemtobepossibletotaketheelectronicnosethehardwarepart,maycarryontheelectronicnosethepatternrecognitionengineeringresearch中文翻译1.气体传感器1.1气体传感器的探讨和开发状态检测技术，信息技术Bian技术在航空航天，军事，环境，平安检查和瓦斯气体传感器等领域广泛运用的实时监控，报警，并在食品，化工和其他工业领域也广泛运用气体传感器气体的气味识别。应用需求驱动的气体传感器技术的快速增长，在国内和国际在这方面的探讨，不断深化，已开发了很多不同类型的气体传感器，可满意不同要求的场合。把气体传感器和专用集成电路的检测分析，半定量分析定量检测特定气体。在这些气体传感器，金属氧化物半导体气体传感器是一种价格低，便于批量生产的功能，导致更多的应用[11]。金属氧化物半导体气体传感器是利用半导体材料颗粒特定气体吸附的表面电阻值所作的特性变更，它是一个电阻型传感器，检测易燃气体的目标，其气体的电阻值和气体的浓度有确定关系。传统的金属氧化物气体传感器结构不仅是大，巨大的功耗是特别高，在很多场合，无法满意要求，同时运用气体传感器装置的发展需求，市场需求便利，价格便宜，因此微型传感器的探讨和发展，是传感器技术的不断发展的必定方向为新一代的气体传感器的发展奠定了坚实的基础。利用成熟的半导体微电子技术和厚膜技术，薄膜技术制造的气体传感器，可实现微器件，集成，降低设备的功耗，设备和传感器，以实现大规模生产，从而降低了成本，同时传感器的一样性和牢靠性可以得到保证。在20世纪，20世纪90年头以来，微机械加工（MEMS）技术，传感器制造技术的变更，MEMS技术用于气体传感器的性能得到进一步改善。微电子技术，通常只为两维结构的制造，微加工技术，可以创建一个气体传感器微结构的三维结构，电源感应装置，使微型传感器在进一步下降结构具有很多优异的性能，体积小，功耗低，工作温度可精确测量和限制，没有对环境的影响，低成本的大批量生产，一样性和牢靠性。易和信号采集和处理集成电路，实现智能化[13]。一个传感器或分别元件，由于长期的稳定性和选择性的问题，无法满意实际应用的要求;和其他涉及运用传感器的大量实际问题，分析对象气体是混合物成分的混合物，混合气体成分标识已成为气体测量传感器技术的探讨和发展在峰会。在一个单一的传感器的选择性是相对简洁改善的状况下，可以在运用的传感器的数量或变更气体传感器的信号提取功能的工作条件，解决这个问题的判别。将单独的传感器结合组成的传感器阵列，这种通过从原来单一的传感器阵列的多参数的单一参数的传感器信号接入，增加信息量。传感器阵列的探讨在国内外已作出很多科研单位，并已取得了很大进展。但只各种传感器的组合，这将是难以打破狭隘的情节，实际应用将受到限制。利用气体传感器易于集成优势的微观结构，气体传感器模块集成在同一芯片，微结构传感器阵列器件的发展。微气体传感器阵列，以满意出现的传感器集成，功能和智能化发展。微型气体传感器阵列的种类气体传感技术目前已成为一个热门的一个方向，它保持了结构的微型传感器体积小，功耗低等优点，可以有效地克服单一气体传感器的选择性不高，提高气体检测的牢靠性，它可以被应用到模式识别技术用于气体智能识别系统，不仅可以提高区分气体的实力，但个别设备出现故障不影响工作大局，具有确定的耐受性的。作为传感器检测装置中的实际应用，如小的气体检测系统或人工嗅觉系统的，综合运用的微型传感器阵列结构，可以提高气体检测的精确性，而且还缩短了测试时间。智能气体传感器是目前在同一方向，微型传感器阵列和信号处理电路的微处理器，使这两种检测传感器，推断和信息处理功能。目前，国外气体传感器和微限制器集成到IC的气体报警器本身出现。此外，随着信息技术的发展，特殊是计算机网络技术的进步，正确的智能传感器接口通信功能的新要求。为了实现协同和统一，基于现场总线的智能传感器网络信息收集，处理和传输，这是一个新的传感器技术应用，运用标准的通信协议的智能传感器的数据，没有特地的电路和软件，可以干脆连接到其他设备。运用蓝牙无线传感器标准（IEEE1451协议）作为一个例子。它可以干脆无线上网，数据管理变得更加简洁，并削减软件开发的底部，在运用大量的传感器阵列的应用，如多点瓦斯监测室内环境，具有明显的优势。1.2电子鼻的探讨现状和发展[12]。人工智能探讨方面取得的重大进展，80年头后期，出现了利用格局识别等人工智能技术气体传感器系统，造成气体传感器技术向智能化发展的步伐大踏步前进。这种具有识别功能，被称为“电子鼻”，其流程培训后可检查多种气体成分，气体传感器系统，进行特定气体的识别。客观须要以及传感器和智能化技术的发展，导致之后的90年头世界各国，地区的电子鼻技术的探讨不断深化，并已取得了很多成果在生产方面。电子鼻具有极其广袤的应用领域，它供应了一种客观的气体，气味鉴定，而且是较牢靠的人工评估的快速。自己的电子鼻后，在食品工业中，适用于发酵限制，储存食物的作用探讨，鱼肉保鲜方面，所以在调查。随着探讨的深化和电子鼻性能的改善，大气监测，汽车方面，已经或即将在电子鼻等废气的快速实时测定，平安检查，中医诊断，航空航天以及军事国防发挥更越来越多的角色。典型的电子鼻系统的结构如图1-1所示：图1-1电子鼻系统结构图模式识别部分是整个系统的“大脑”，对大量的样本训练提前进行，取得确定的分类决策方法。当进行气体