困于交通堵塞

UsefulExpressions1.吞噬2.困于交通堵塞3.越洋购物旅行4.在大多数情况下5.使…摆脱eatintostuckintrafficjamsthetransatlanticshoppingexpeditioninmostcasesfreesb.from第一页，共五十二页。6.个人的穿着打扮7.处理软件故障8.除去技术发展9.信息爆炸10.从世界各个角落personalgroomingfixsoftwareglitchestechnologyaparttheinformationexplosionfromeverycorneroftheworldUsefulExpressions第二页，共五十二页。11.在整个世界学术界12.在…的推动下13.适用于14.预测小组15.分配不均匀inthewholeworldofscholarshipdrivenonbyapplytoforecastinggroupbeunevenlydistributedUsefulExpressions第三页，共五十二页。After-1.useful-416.抚养子女17.做有报酬的工作18.家务杂活19.越做越大的市场20.家政服务nurtureoffspringtakepayingjobshouseholdchoresagrowthmarketconciergeservicesUsefulExpressions21.更充分地利用makebetteruseof22.工业革命industrialrevolution23.注定bedoomedto第四页，共五十二页。Language Points1.onthego:p194,introduction(infml)activeorbusyExamples:I’vebeenonthegoallweek,preparingmythesis.Iwasonthegoalldayandwenthomeatabout10o’clockintheevening.第五页，共五十二页。2.cope:

page194,introduction

dealsuccessfully(withsb./sth.difficult)Examples:Healthpsychologistsstudyhowpeoplecopewithstress.Peoplewhoattemptsuicideusuallysufferfromextremeemotionaldistressandfeelunabletocopewiththeirproblems.第六页，共五十二页。3.setabout：page194introductionbegin（atask）；start（doingsth.）（usedInthepattern：setaboutsth./doingsth.;nopassive）Example:Theschoolauthoritiesmustsetaboutfindingsolutionstothecampussecurityproblems.MymomandIsetaboutclearingupaftertheguestsleft.第七页，共五十二页。4.quantities/alargequantityof:largeamounts/alargeamountof(L3)Examples:

Incoldweathermostanimalsmusteatlargequantitiesoffoodtoobtaintheenergyneededtocarryonnormalbodyactivities.第八页，共五十二页。5.eatinto:(L6)graduallyreducetheamountof(sth.Valuable);damageordestroyExamples:Allthesecarexpensesareeatingintooursavings.Responsibilitiesathomeandworkeatintohistime.Eatoutof:吃光第九页，共五十二页。6.(L11)

aircraft:

(pluralunchanged)vehiclewhichcanfly,forexampleanaeroplaneorahelicopterExamples:TheBoeingCompanyistheworld’slargestmanufacturerofcommercialairplanesandmilitaryaircraft.第十页，共五十二页。(L11)Thetroubleis,itdeliveredthem.“Deliver”meanstoprovideortobring,“them”hererefersto“horizons”.Itimpliestheunfavorableeffectoftheinventionofaircraft,thatis,people,drivenonbynewhorizons,wouldliketospendmoretimeontime-consumingjourneys.第十一页，共五十二页。7.(L18)

inreality:

inactualfact;reallyExamples:

Somefamousprivateschoolsaretheoreticallyopentothepublic,butinrealityareattendedbythosewhocanaffordthefees.Heismuchsmallerinrealitythanhelooksonthetelevision.Collocation:acceptreality承认事实denyreality否认事实facereality面对事实第十二页，共五十二页。8.(L21)multiply:

increaseinnumberorquantity;addanumbertoitselfaparticularnumberoftimesExamples:Theweedsjustmultiplied,andbeforelongthegardenwasajungle.Multiplyinglargequantitiesinone’sheadhasbecomealostartsincethearrivalofthecalculator.第十三页，共五十二页。9.(L24)burden:

heavyloadExamples:manypupilsfindhomeworkaburden.Somefarmersarecomplainingabouttheheavyburdenoftaxation.第十四页，共五十二页。10.(L31)fraction:

smallpart,bit,amountorproportion(ofsth.)Examples:

Onlyasmallfractionofthepopulationlivedinthatremotearea.TheblackminersinSouthAfricausedtoearnonlyafractionofthewagespaidtowhiteminersdoingequivalentwork.第十五页，共五十二页。11.(L33)pourin:

gointoaplacequicklyandinlargenumbersExamples:

TouristspouredintoShanghaionNationalDay.manyfootballfanspouredintothestadiumtohavealookattheirfavoritefootballplayers.pourdown沿…流下pourfrom从…流下pourinto流进第十六页，共五十二页。(L39-41)Now,Ifindmyselfsubscribingto60or70journalsormagazinesjusttokeepmeupwithwhatamountstoaminuteproportionoftheexpandingfrontiersofscholarship.”

Itmeansthattheever-advancingdevelopmentinthenewfieldofacademyThepurposeofthesentenceistogiveusamorevividpictureabouttheinformationexplosion.第十七页，共五十二页。14.amountto:(L41)beequalto;adduptoExamples:In1959thecombinedvalueofU.S.importsandexportsamountedtolessthan9percentofthecountry’sgrossdomesticproduct.Thetuitionfeeamountstotenthousandyuan.第十八页，共五十二页。15.minute:(L41)

verysmallinsizeoramountExamples:

Onlyaminuteamountofmoneyisneeded.Studiesshowthatwatercontainsminutequantitiesoflead.minute,small&little这几个词都是形容词，都有“小的”之意。minute

意思是“很小的”、“细微的”，在本组词中算是“最小的”。small

指大小、重量、数量、规模、力量、重要性等方面“小的”、“少的”。little

没有真正的比较级和最高级，它经常暗示所谈及的人、物小得可爱。而small就没有这种含义，它多表示比较，是相对而言的。第十九页，共五十二页。1.Heisasmallman,onlyonepointfivemeterstall.2.Hiswritingisminute.3.Whatanicelittlegarden!4.Thereisalittlebirdinthetree.5.Thereareminuteparticlesofgolddustontheground.6.Youmadeoneortwosmallmistakes.第二十页，共五十二页。16.frontier:(L41)(usu.Pl)theextremelimitofanareaofknowledgeoraparticularactivity;theborderbetweentwocountriesExamples:Toopenupthespacefrontier,NASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration美国国家航空和宇宙航行局)willtrytolowerthecostofaccesstoEarthorbit.OurpassportswereinspectedattheCzechfrontier.第二十一页，共五十二页。18.(L43)prosperity:

stateofbeingeconomicallysuccessful;stateofbeingsuccessfulorrichExamples:Warbringsnoprosperitytothegreatmassofordinarycitizens.第二十二页，共五十二页。19.oblige:(L45)

1.dosth.for(sb.)asafavororsmallservice(usedinthepattern:oblige(sb.)(withsth./bydoingsth.))Examples:

Wearehappytooblige.Pleaseobligemebyleavingmealone.2.force(someonetodosomething)(usu.usedinthepassivevoice)Incertaincountriesthelawobligesparentstosendtheirchildrentoschool.obligeby答应做…使满足obligewith以…使满足第二十三页，共五十二页。(L46)SowesufferfromwhatWilsoncallsdiscontentwithsuperabundance--theconfusionofendlesschoice.1.Whatdoes“superabundance”referto?2.Whatcanweinferfromthesentence?Itreferstotheaquantityofgoodsandservices.Thequantityofgoodsandservicesistoomuch,itisendless,andwhat’smore,itincreasesourtimestresslevels.第二十四页，共五十二页。20-1.abundance:

quantitythatismorethanenough;plenty(followedbyof)Examples:ThevisitortoOxfordhasanabundanceofsightstosee.Mostmilkconsistsofanabundanceofthemajornutrientsneededbythebodyforgoodhealth.第二十五页，共五十二页。20-2.InabundanceExamples:

Bythemid-15thcenturypaperwasavailableinabundance.Thereisstillconfusionaboutthenumberofcasualties.Wealwaysleftourmanager’sofficeinastateofconfusion.Iexplainedthequestiontohimthreetimes,buttherewasstillalookofconfusiononhisface.第二十六页，共五十二页。22.forecast:L56tellinadvance;predictExamples:Themeansofforecastingnaturaldisasters,suchasfloods,andhurricanes,haveimprovedimmenselyasscienceandtechnologyhaveadvanced.第二十七页，共五十二页。“It’salmostgottothepointwherethere’sstressenvy.L60.Tomakehisargumentcomprehensiveandmoreconvincing,theauthorrevealedthefactthatnoteveryoneisoverstressedthough50percentofunemployedorretiredpeopletellyoutheyneverhaveenoughtimetogetthingsdone.这几乎到了羡慕压力的程度。第二十八页，共五十二页。23.volunteer:L64

personwhoofferstodosth.withoutbeingcompelledorpaidExamples:Somestudentsservedasvolunteerstohelptheoldanddisabledinthecommunityintheirsparetime.Thecharityagencywillrecruitvolunteerstobuildaffordablehousingforthepoor.第二十九页，共五十二页。24.perception:L67

wayofseeingorunderstandingsth.;abilitytonoticeandunderstandthingsAestheticsisabranchofphilosophyconcernedwiththeessenceandperceptionofbeautyandugliness.第三十页，共五十二页。Thegains,however,wereunevenlydistributed.L73但增加的时间分配得并不均匀。“Thegains”referstothefivehoursaweekAmericanshadgainedastheirfreetime.第三十一页，共五十二页。25.nurture:L76

careforandeducate(achild);encouragethegrowthof(sth.);nourishExamples:Parentswanttoknowthebestwaytonurtureandraisetheirchildtoadulthood.nurture

表示在幼儿、幼苗的成长过程中予以细心照料、

保护。feed

不仅表示喂养人、动物，实际上有时表示喂入嘴中，还表示给植物提供养分。广义上，它指为任何人或物提供所需外来养分。supply

表示供给所需物品。第三十二页，共五十二页。1.Thefarmer’swifefeedscattleandsheepeverymorning.2.Thegovernmentsuppliesfreebookstoschools.3.Thesearetheplantsnurturesinthegreenhouse.4.Wewanttonurturethenewproject,notdestroyit.5.Hehasalargefamilytofeed.6.HekeptmewellsuppliedwithcupsofcoffeewhileIwrotethereport.第三十三页，共五十二页。26.offspring:L75(pluralunchanged)childorchildrenofaparticularpersonorcoupleExamples:Heredityistheprocessoftransmittingbiologicaltraitsfromparenttooffspringthroughgenes.第三十四页，共五十二页。27.appliance:L79instrumentordeviceforaspecificpurposeExamples:

Thecompanyhasoperationsinmanydifferentbusinesssectors,includinghouseholdappliances,aircraftengines,andfinancialservices.第三十五页，共五十二页。28.distribution:L81

thewayinwhichpeople,buildings,etc.arearrangedoveralargearea;theactofgivingthingstoalargegroupofpeopleordeliveringfoodstocompanies.Examples:

Thestudyofanimaldistributioniscalledzoogeography.Distributionofthegoodsishandledbylocalcompanies.第三十六页，共五十二页。29.famine:L84

(instanceof)extremescarcityofgoodinaregionExamples:Toeliminatefamineandreducemalnutrition,attentionneedstofocusnotonlyonfoodproductionbutalsoonfooddistribution,consumption,andfamilyplanning.第三十七页，共五十二页。30.widespread:L84foundordistributedoveralargeareaExamples:

ThelandscapeoftheAmericanwestwasdramaticallyalteredduringthe20thcenturyasaresultofthewidespreadconstructionofdamsalongmajorrivers.Thecorrosivenatureofacidraincauseswidespreaddamagetotheenvironment.第三十八页，共五十二页。31.provoke:L85cause(sth.)tooccurorarouse(afeelingetc.)Examples:

People’sconcernovergeneticallymodifiedfoodhasprovokedaglobaldebatethatshowsnosignofendingsoon.TheyarguedthatNATOenlargementcouldprovokeRussianhostilityandleadtoregionalinstability.第三十九页，共五十二页。32.avarietyof:

L85alotofaparticulartypeofthingsthataredifferentfromeachotherExamples:Mystudentscomefromavarietyofdifferentbackgrounds.Thereare(is)avarietyofexcellentschoolsinthearea.Chinahasagreatvarietyofmineralresources第四十页，共五十二页。33.L94,streamline:

make(sth.)moreefficientandeffective;giveastreamlinedfromto(sth.)Examples:Corporatemergerscanresultinjoblossesbecausemanagementcombinesandstreamlinesdepartmentswithinthenewlymergedcompanies.Someracingcarsarestreamlinedforspeedandaresingle-seated.第四十一页，共五十二页。34.L95,growth:

(processof)growing;developmentExamples:Statisticsshowthatthepaceofpopulationgrowthmaycontinuetoincrease.Industrialgrowthdependsontheavailabilityofbothfinancecapitalandphysicalcapital.第四十二页，共五十二页。35.L96,domestic:

ofthehome,householdorfamily;oforinsideaparticularcountryExamples:Policeandhospitalrecordsindicatethatthemajorityofvictimsofdomesticviolencearewomen.GDPstandsforGrossDomesticProduct.第四十三页，共五十二页。36.forum:L101anassembly,place,radioprogrametc.forthediscussionofpublicmattersorcurrentquestionsExamples:Theschoolauthoritieswillprovideaforumwhereproblemscanbediscussed.TheproducersoftheTVprogramQuestionTimeintendedittobeaforumforpublicdebate.第四十四页，共五十二页。37.L101,springup:

appear,develop,grow,etc.quicklyorsuddenlyExamples:

Newprofessionaltrainingschoolssprangupalloverthecountry.Astrongwindseemedtohavesprungupfromnowhere.第四十五页，共五十二页。38.L106,futile:

producingnoresult;useless;pointlessExamples:

Itwasfutiletocontinuethenegotiations.Iknewthatitwasfutiletotryandpersuadeheronceshehadmadethedecision.第四十六页，共五十二页。39.L106.divert: