南都电池用户手册

南都电池用户手册南都电池用户手册63/65PAGE63南都电池用户手册南都电池用户手册阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池LonglifeStandby（ABS）Series(LSA)系列用户手册版本号：3.2浙江南都电源动力股份有限公司ZHEJIANGNARADAPOWERSOURCECO.,LTD

目录TOC\o"1-3"\h\z安全与警示 2前言 3第一章LSA系列电池产品介绍 41.产品特点 42.主要应用领域 53.型号的组成及其代表意义 54.产品结构 55.产品型号及外形尺寸 66.工作原理 6第二章技术特性 71.放电特性曲线及放电数据 72.充电特性曲线 73.电池选型 134.内阻和短路电流 13第三章电池的使用与维护 151.参数设置 152.电池的容量 163.电池使用温度 164.充放电要求 195.电池储存 216.电池维护 21第四章售后服务 23附录1 24附录2 25安全与警示请阅读本手册！它提供了很重要的安全、安装和操作指导，使您的设备发挥最高的性能，并且能够延长设备的使用寿命。为了您的安全，请不要尝试去拆开它。这一设备内不包含用户可用的备件，维修工作只能由厂商专门训练的服务人员进行。由于电池所带来的潜在的对健康和环境的危害，因此它们应仅在工厂授权的服务中心更换。为了更换电池或维修设备，请打顾客服务电话以得到距您最近的服务中心的信息。电池可以被回收，对电池正确的处理是很必要的。电池含有铅，如果处理不当，将会给环境和人类健康带来危害。请查看当地的法规以得到所需的正确的处理方法或将设备送回工厂授权的服务中心进行电池更换或处理。电池的更换应该由熟悉电池的危险以及所需的预防措施的人员来操作或监督。禁止非专业人员更换电池。当更换电池时，请用和原来使用电池相同型号和类型的密封的铅酸电池。警告——不要在电池组附近吸烟或使用明火。警告——不要使用任何有机溶剂清洗电池。警告——不要把电池放置在火中，电池会爆炸。警告——不要打开电池，它含有对皮肤和眼睛有毒害的电解质。警告——电池会引起电击和产生短路电流。当更换电池时，戴在手腕上的手表和珠宝例如戒指应该拿开。用带有绝缘手柄的工具操作。前言浙江南都电源动力股份有限公司是专业生产阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池的国家高新技术企业。公司成立于1994年9月。目前，公司有员工500余人，工程技术人员约占13%，拥有以教授、高工、博士、硕士等高级人才为核心的强大研发力量。公司与哈尔滨工业大学合作，建立了南都化学电源研究开发中心。南都GFM产品通过了信息产业部、解放军总参谋部、铁道部、电力部的质量认证和鉴定，并通过了25个省市入网选型。产品广泛应用于电信、电力、铁道、军工等系统，并远销美国、意大利、英国、越南、缅甸、老挝、菲律宾、孟加拉国等国家。在用户的关心和支持下，南都牌阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池的质量日益提高，产品的技术性能和工艺性能不断完善和改进。在总结GFM电池生产和运行经验的基础上，采用国际最新一代AGM技术开发了LSA系列产品。本《手册》向用户提供了南都牌LSA系列阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池的性能特性、安装、使用和维护程序。因技术的不断发展和我们水平的限制，难免存在一些遗漏和差错，恳请用户提出宝贵意见。浙江南都电源动力股份有限公司2003年8月第一章LSA系列电池产品介绍1.产品特点1.1设计浮充寿命15年以上，80%DOD循环寿命1200次以上特殊专利配方的板栅合金特殊的负极铅膏配方4BS铅膏技术1.2密封性能可靠，不漏液，密封反应效率达99%以上专利的极柱密封结构迷宫式专利安全阀高精度ABS热封技术1.3出厂容量达到标称容量的100%以上；储存90天（25℃）电池的保有容量在94%以上1.4低浮充电压设计，浮充电压极均匀1.5卓越的大电流放电性能极低的电池内阻专利的板栅结构设计大铜芯结构1.6独特的镀银专利橡胶软连接确保极柱与连接条的良好接触，连接电阻极低柔性与刚性结合，连接更方便预留监测端线连接条外套绝缘橡胶，安全可靠1.7安装灵活方便，整体美观防震模块化组装满足客户的个性化安装需求，可提供八级防震要求，安全可靠流线型亚光的电池外观造型2.主要应用领域－通信交换及传输系统－移动通信系统－发电厂及输变电系统－航标信号系统－太阳能系统－无线电及广播台站－紧急照明系统3.型号的组成及其代表意义10小时率额定容量密封固定型GFM XXXX10小时率额定容量密封固定型 阀控式阀控式负极板正极板安全阀4.产品结构负极板正极板安全阀极柱极柱电池盖电池盖隔板电池槽隔板电池槽图1-1产品结构图5.产品型号及外形尺寸表1－1电池型号额定电压（V）额定容量（Ah）外形尺寸（mm）重量（kg）C10C3C1长宽高总高GFM-100210075551011632002077.5GFM-200220015011010518335937115.5GFM-300230022516514618335937122.0GFM-400240030022018618335937128.5GFM-500250037527522718335937135.0GFM-600260045033026818335937142.5GFM-800280060044016922960061260.0GFM-10002100075055020422960061273.0GFM-1500215001125825291229600612107.0GFM-20002200015001100382233602614144.0电池槽6.工作原理电池槽铅酸蓄电池在充放电过程中的化学反应如下：放电放电充电Pb+PbO2+2H2SO4 2PbSO4+2H2O充电普通铅酸蓄电池充电过程中伴随着副反应①：2H2O 2H2↑+O2↑①该反应使电池中水分逐渐损失，需不断补充纯水才能保持正常使用。LSA系列电池采用贫液设计，选用AGM隔板(超细玻璃纤维隔板)，在正负极之间预留气体通道，同时选用特殊合金铸造板栅提高负极的析氢过电位，以抑制氢气的析出。而正极产生的氧气顺着通道扩散到负极，使氧气重新复合成水，反应如②、③式：2Pb+O22PbO ②PbO+H2SO4 PbSO4+H2O ③从而使电池起到密封的效果。第二章技术特性1.放电特性曲线及放电数据下图是LSA系列各型号的电池在环境25℃时，不同放电倍率下的放电特性曲线，表2－1是恒电流放电数据表，用户可以参照此表进行电池选型。时间(h)时间(h)电压(V)图2-1放电特性曲线2.充电特性曲线下图是GFM－500电池100%放电后，用0.1C10A电流，限压2.35V/只(25℃)充电的特性曲线，完全放电的蓄电池充电24小时后，充入电量可达120%以上。充电电流(A)充电电压电压电流电量充入电量(V)充电电流(A)充电电压电压电流电量充入电量(V)充电时间(h)图2-2充电特性曲线表2－1恒电流放电数据表（25℃）GFM1005S1min5min10min15min20min30min40min50min1Hour90min2Hour3Hour4Hour5Hour6Hour7Hour8Hour9hour10Hour12Hour24Hour1.60V320.0288.0217.8180.6152.6130.8104.486.974.866.048.438.928.522.919.416.714.913.312.111.19.35.01.65V260.0232.0196.0165.0140.6123.0100.082.070.862.646.638.027.822.318.916.514.613.111.910.99.25.01.70V217.4202.4170.6147.8128.8115.092.077.567.459.844.836.627.022.018.716.314.412.911.710.89.14.91.75V197.6182.8156.6136.0120.4108.087.474.064.457.043.235.326.221.418.216.014.212.711.610.69.04.91.80V176.0163.0139.4123.2110.098.080.068.660.053.440.733.825.420.717.815.613.912.511.310.48.84.81.83V155.2146.6126.8111.099.289.875.463.856.450.038.632.324.620.217.415.313.612.311.110.28.64.71.85V150.4141.6121.4106.595.686.972.761.754.248.237.631.324.120.017.215.113.512.111.010.18.64.61.88V145.6136.6116.0102.092.084.070.059.752.046.436.630.423.619.817.014.913.312.010.910.08.54.61.90V132.0125.8106.293.083.274.461.254.047.342.834.328.622.619.116.514.512.911.710.69.88.34.51.94V117.2110.292.680.070.663.854.346.741.638.030.826.420.917.815.313.412.110.910.09.27.94.4GFM2005S1min5min10min15min20min30min40min50min1Hour90min2Hour3Hour4Hour5Hour6Hour7Hour8Hour9hour10Hour12Hour24Hour1.60V640.0576.0435.6361.2305.2261.6208.8173.8149.6132.096.877.857.145.838.733.429.726.724.222.118.710.01.65V520.0464.0392.0330.0281.2246.0200.0164.0141.6125.293.276.055.744.637.833.029.226.323.921.918.59.91.70V434.8404.8341.2295.6257.6230.0184.0155.0134.8119.689.673.254.144.037.432.528.825.823.521.618.39.91.75V395.2365.6313.2272.0240.8216.0174.8148.0128.8114.086.470.652.442.836.432.028.325.523.221.218.09.81.80V352.0326.0278.8246.4220.0196.0160.0137.2120.0106.881.467.650.841.435.631.227.825.022.720.717.59.61.83V310.4293.2253.6222.0198.4179.6150.8127.6112.8100.077.264.649.240.534.730.627.224.622.220.317.39.41.85V300.8283.2242.8213.0191.2173.8145.4123.5108.496.475.262.748.240.034.430.226.924.322.020.217.29.31.88V291.2273.2232.0204.0184.0168.0140.0119.3104.092.873.260.847.239.634.029.826.624.021.820.017.09.21.90V264.0251.6212.4186.0166.4148.8122.4108.094.685.668.557.245.238.233.129.125.823.421.319.516.79.11.94V234.4220.4185.2160.0141.2127.6108.793.583.276.061.752.841.835.630.626.824.221.820.018.415.88.8GFM3005S1min5min10min15min20min30min40min50min1Hour90min2Hour3Hour4Hour5Hour6Hour7Hour8Hour9hour10Hour12Hour24Hour1.60V960.0864.0653.4541.8457.8392.4313.2260.7224.4198.0145.2116.785.668.758.150.144.640.036.333.228.014.91.65V780.0696.0588.0495.0421.8369.0300.0246.0212.4187.8139.8114.083.566.956.649.443.839.435.832.827.714.91.70V652.2607.2511.8443.4386.4345.0276.0232.5202.2179.4134.4109.881.166.056.248.843.138.735.232.327.414.81.75V592.8548.4469.8408.0361.2324.0262.2222.0193.2171.0129.6106.078.664.254.648.042.538.234.831.827.014.71.80V528.0489.0418.2369.6330.0294.0240.0205.8180.0160.2122.1101.476.262.053.346.841.837.534.031.126.314.41.83V465.6439.8380.4333.0297.6269.4226.2191.4169.3150.0115.896.873.760.752.146.040.936.833.330.525.914.11.85V451.2424.8364.2319.5286.8260.7218.1185.2162.6144.6112.894.072.360.151.545.340.436.433.030.335.713.91.88V436.8409.8348.0306.0276.0252.0210.0179.0156.0139.2109.891.270.859.451.044.740.036.032.730.125.613.81.90V396.0377.4318.6279.0249.6223.2183.6162.0141.8128.4102.885.867.857.349.643.638.835.031.929.325.013.61.94V351.6330.6277.8240.0211.8191.4163.0140.2124.8114.092.579.262.853.546.040.236.232.830.027.623.613.2GFM4005S1min5min10min15min20min30min40min50min1Hour90min2Hour3Hour4Hour5Hour6Hour7Hour8Hour9hour10Hour12Hour24Hour1.60V1280.01152.0871.2722.4610.4523.2417.6347.6299.2264.0193.6155.6114.191.677.466.859.453.348.444.237.419.91.65V1040.0928.0784.0660.0562.4492.0400.0328.0283.2250.4186.4152.0111.489.275.565.958.452.647.743.736.919.81.70V869.6809.6682.4591.2515.2460.0368.0310.0269.6239.2179.2146.4108.288.074.965.157.551.646.943.136.619.81.75V790.4731.2626.4544.0481.6432.0349.6296.0257.6228.0172.8141.3104.885.672.864.056.751.046.342.536.019.51.80V704.0652.0557.6492.8440.0392.0320.0274.4240.0213.6162.8135.2101.682.771.162.455.750.045.341.535.119.21.83V620.8586.4507.2444.0396.8359.2301.6255.2225.7200.0154.4129.198.381.069.461.354.549.144.440.634.618.81.85V601.6566.4485.6426.0382.4374.6290.8246.9216.8192.8150.4125.496.480.168.760.453.948.644.040.434.318.61.88V582.4546.4464.0408.0368.0336.0280.0238.6208.0185.6146.4121.694.479.268.059.553.348.043.640.134.118.41.90V528.0503.2424.8372.0332.8297.6244.8216.0189.1171.2137.1114.490.476.466.258.151.746.742.539.033.318.21.94V468.8440.8370.4320.0282.4255.2217.4187.0166.4152.0123.4105.683.771.361.353.648.343.740.036.831.517.6GFM5005S1min5min10min15min20min30min40min50min1Hour90min2Hour3Hour4Hour5Hour6Hour7Hour8Hour9hour10Hour12Hour24Hour1.60V1600.01440.01089.0903.0763.0654.0522.0434.5374.0330.0242.0194.5142.7114.596.883.574.366.660.655.346.724.91.65V1300.01160.0980.0825.0703.0615.0500.0410.0354.0313.0233.0190.0139.2111.594.482.473.065.759.754.746.224.81.70V1087.01012.0853.0739.0644.0575.0460.0387.5337.0299.0224.0183.0135.2110.093.681.371.964.558.753.945.724.71.75V988.0914.0783.0680.0602.0540.0437.0370.0322.0285.0216.0176.6131.0107.091.080.070.863.757.953.145.024.41.80V880.0815.0697.0616.0550.0490.0400.0343.0300.0267.0203.5169.0127.0103.488.978.069.662.556.751.943.924.01.83V776.0733.0634.0555.0496.0449.0377.0319.0282.1250.0193.0161.4122.9101.286.876.668.161.455.550.843.223.51.85V752.0708.0607.0532.5478.0434.5363.5308.7271.1241.0188.0156.7120.5100.185.975.567.360.755.050.542.923.21.88V728.0683.0580.0510.0460.0420.0350.0298.3260.0232.0183.0152.0118.099.085.074.466.660.054.450.142.623.01.90V660.0629.0531.0465.0416.0372.0306.0270.0236.4214.0171.3143.0113.095.582.772.764.658.453.248.841.722.71.94V586.0551.0463.0400.0353.0319.0271.7233.7208.0190.0154.2132.0104.689.176.667.060.454.650.046.039.422.0GFM6005S1min5min10min15min20min30min40min50min1Hour90min2Hour3Hour4Hour5Hour6Hour7Hour8Hour9hour10Hour12Hour24Hour1.60V1920.01728.01306.81083.6915.6784.8626.4521.4448.8396.0290.4233.4171.2137.4116.2100.289.180.072.766.456.029.91.65V1560.01392.01176.0990.0843.6738.0600.0492.0424.8375.6279.6228.0167.0133.8113.398.987.678.871.665.655.429.81.70V1304.41214.41023.6886.8772.8690.0552.0465.0404.4358.8268.8219.6162.2132.0112.397.686.377.470.464.754.829.61.75V1185.61096.8939.6816.0722.4648.0524.4444.0386.4342.0259.2211.9157.2128.4109.296.085.076.469.563.754.029.31.80V1056.0978.0836.4739.2660.0588.0480.0411.6360.0320.4244.2202.8152.4124.1106.793.683.575.068.062.252.628.81.83V931.2879.6760.8666.0595.2538.8452.4382.8338.5300.0231.6193.7147.5121.4104.291.981.773.766.661.051.928.11.85V902.4849.6728.4639.0573.6521.4436.2370.4325.3289.2225.6188.0144.5120.1103.190.680.872.866.060.551.520.91.88V873.6819.6696.0612.0552.0504.0420.0358.0312.0278.4219.6182.4141.6118.8102.089.379.972.065.360.151.127.61.90V792.0754.8637.2558.0499.2446.4367.2324.0283.7256.8205.6171.6135.6114.699.287.277.570.163.858.650.027.21.94V703.2661.2555.6480.0423.6382.8326.0280.4249.6228.0185.0158.4125.5106.991.980.472.565.560.055.247.326.4GFM8005S1min5min10min15min20min30min40min50min1Hour90min2Hour3Hour4Hour5Hour6Hour7Hour8Hour9hour10Hour12Hour24Hour1.60V2560.02304.01742.41444.81220.81046.4835.2695.2598.4528.0387.2311.2228.3183.2154.9133.6118.9106.696.988.574.739.81.65V2080.01856.01568.01320.01124.8984.0800.0656.0566.4500.8372.8304.0222.7178.4151.0131.8116.8105.195.587.573.939.71.70V1739.21619.21364.81182.41030.4920.0736.0620.0539.2478.4358.4292.8216.3176.0149.8130.1115.0103.393.986.273.139.51.75V1580.81462.41252.81088.0963.2864.0699.2592.0515.2456.0345.6282.6209.6171.2145.6128.0113.3101.992.784.972.139.11.80V1408.01304.01115.2985.6880.0784.0640.0548.8480.0427.2325.6270.4203.2165.4142.2124.8111.4100.090.783.070.238.31.83V1241.61172.81014.4888.0793.6718.4603.2510.4451.4400.0308.8258.2196.6161.9138.9122.6109.098.288.881.369.137.51.85V1203.21132.8971.2852.0764.8695.2581.6493.8433.7385.6300.8250.7192.7160.2137.4120.8107.797.188.080.768.737.21.88V1164.81092.8928.0816.0736.0672.0560.0477.3416.0371.2292.8243.2188.8158.4136.0119.1106.596.087.180.268.236.81.90V1056.01006.4849.6744.0665.6595.2489.6432.0378.2342.4274.1228.8180.8152.8132.3116.3103.493.485.178.166.636.31.94V937.6881.6740.8640.0564.8510.4434.7373.9332.8304.0246.7211.2167.4142.6122.6107.296.687.480.073.663.035.2GFM10005S1min5min10min15min20min30min40min50min1Hour90min2Hour3Hour4Hour5Hour6Hour7Hour8Hour9hour10Hour12Hour24Hour1.60V3200.02880.02178.01806.01526.01308.01044.0869.0748.0660.0484.0389.0285.3229.0193.6167.0148.6133.3121.1110.693.449.81.65V2600.02320.01960.01650.01406.01230.01000.0820.0708.0626.0466.0380.0278.4223.0188.8164.8146.0131.4119.3109.492.349.61.70V2174.02024.01706.01478.01288.01150.0920.0775.0674.0598.0448.0366.0270.4220.0187.2162.7143.8129.1117.3107.891.449.41.75V1976.01828.01566.01360.01204.01080.0874.0740.0644.0570.0432.0353.2262.0214.0182.0160.0141.7127.4115.9106.290.148.81.80V1760.01630.01394.01232.01100.0980.0800.0686.0600.0534.0407.0338.0254.0206.8177.8156.0139.2125.0113.3103.787.747.91.83V1552.01466.01268.01110.0992.0898.0754.0638.0564.2500.0386.0322.8245.8202.4173.6153.2136.2122.8111.0101.686.446.91.85V1504.01416.01214.01065.0956.0869.0727.0617.3542.1482.0376.0313.4240.9200.2171.8151.0134.7121.4109.9100.985.846.51.88V1456.01366.01160.01020.0920.0840.0700.0596.6520.0464.0366.0304.0236.0198.0170.0148.8133.2120.0108.9100.285.246.11.90V1320.01258.01062.0930.0832.0744.0612.0540.0472.8428.0342.7286.0226.0191.0165.4145.3129.2116.8106.397.683.345.41.94V1172.01102.0926.0800.0706.0638.0543.4467.4416.0380.0308.4264.0209.2178.2153.2134.0120.8109.2100.092.078.844.0GFM15005S1min5min10min15min20min30min40min50min1Hour90min2Hour3Hour4Hour5Hour6Hour7Hour8Hour9hour10Hour12Hour24Hour1.60V4800.04320.03267.02709.02289.01962.01566.01303.51122.0990.0726.0583.5428.0343.5290.4250.5222.9199.9181.7165.9140.174.71.65V3900.03480.02940.02475.02109.01845.01500.01230.01062.0939.0699.0570.0417.6334.5283.2247.2219.0197.1179.0164.0138.574.41.70V3261.03036.02559.02217.01932.01725.01380.01162.51011.0897.0672.0549.0405.6330.0280.8244.0215.7193.6176.0161.6137.174.11.75V2964.02742.02349.02040.01806.01620.01311.01110.0966.0855.0648.0529.8393.0321.0273.0240.0212.5191.1173.8159.2135.173.31.80V2640.02445.02091.01848.01650.01470.01200.01029.0900.0801.0610.5507.0381.0310.1266.7234.0208.8187.5170.0155.6131.671.91.83V2328.02199.01902.01665.01488.01347.01131.0957.0846.3750.0579.0484.2368.7303.6260.4229.8204.3184.2166.5152.4129.670.41.85V2256.02124.01821.01597.51434.01303.51090.5926.0813.2723.0564.0470.1361.4300.3257.7226.5202.0182.1164.9151.4128.769.71.88V2184.02049.01740.01530.01380.01260.01050.0894.9780.0696.0549.0456.0354.0297.0255.0223.3199.8180.0163.3150.3127.869.11.90V1980.01887.01593.01395.01248.01116.0918.0810.0709.2642.0514.0429.0339.0286.5248.1218.0193.8175.1159.5146.4125.068.11.94V1758.01653.01389.01200.01059.0957.0815.1701.1624.0570.0462.6396.0313.8267.3229.8201.0181.2163.8150.0138.0118.266.0GFM20005S1min5min10min15min20min30min40min50min1Hour90min2Hour3Hour4Hour5Hour6Hour7Hour8Hour9hour10Hour12Hour24Hour1.60V6400.05760.04356.03612.03052.02616.02088.01738.01496.01320.0968.0778.0570.7458.0387.2334.0297.1266.5242.2221.2186.899.61.65V5200.04640.03920.03300.02812.02460.02000.01640.01416.01252.0932.0760.0556.8446.0377.6329.6292.0262.8238.7218.7184.799.21.70V4348.04048.03412.02956.02576.02300.01840.01550.01348.01196.0896.0732.0540.8440.0374.4325.3287.5258.2234.7215.5182.898.81.75V3952.03656.03132.02720.02408.02160.01748.01480.01288.01140.0864.0706.4524.0428.0364.0320.0283.4254.8231.7212.3180.197.71.80V3520.03260.02788.02464.02200.01960.01600.01372.01200.01068.0814.0676.0508.0413.5355.6312.0278.4250.0226.7207.4175.595.81.83V3104.02932.02536.02220.01984.01796.01508.01276.01128.41000.0772.0645.6491.6404.8347.2306.4272.4245.6222.0203.2172.893.81.85V3008.02832.02428.02130.01912.01738.01454.01234.61084.2964.0752.0626.8481.8400.4343.6302.0269.4242.8219.9201.8171.793.01.88V2912.02732.02320.02040.01840.01680.01400.01193.21040.0928.0732.0608.0472.0396.0340.0297.7266.3240.0217.8200.4170.592.11.90V2640.02516.02124.01860.01664.01488.01224.01080.0945.6856.0685.3572.0452.0382.0330.8290.7258.5233.5212.7195.2166.690.81.94V2344.02204.01852.01600.01412.01276.01086.8934.8832.0760.0616.8528.0418.4356.4306.4268.0241.6218.4200.0184.0157.688.03.电池选型选用南都LSA系列电池,可参考图2-3单体选型曲线选择电池的容量。首先确定放电终止电压，例如单体电池终止电压为1.80V。其次确定电池组连续工作时间及放电电流。如电池组供电时要求125A的恒流输出，且连续工作3小时，则根据图2-3对应的曲线，最小容量规格为GFM－500。最后确定工作时的环境温度。室温25℃下，则选择GFM－500电池，否则要根据图3－1确定温度系数，如果在0℃下，只有25℃下80％的容量，所以还要除以0.8的系数。图2-3选型曲线（终止电压1.80V,25℃）图2-3选型曲线（终止电压1.80V,25℃）4.内阻和短路电流电池内阻是一个动态非线性参数，随电池温度、放电状态变化而变化，LSA系列电池的内阻在充足电状态下处于最低值。表2-1给出的电阻值是根据DL/T637-1997电力标准在满充状态下测得的数据以及短路电流。注意电池短路将引起电池电压降为0V，并引起电池内部元件的损伤。表2-2内阻和短路电流(25℃)电池型号内阻（mΩ）短路电流（A）GFM-1001.201691GFM-2000.673115GFM-3000.474285GFM-4000.355828GFM-5000.336070GFM-6000.287250GFM-8000.229153GFM-10000.1910804GFM-15000.1513237GFM-20000.1217391第三章电池的使用与维护1.参数设置LSA系列电池在-15℃～45℃的环境中，推荐适用温度为15℃～25℃。在较高和较低温度下使用，都会降低电池寿命。下表是以48V系统为例，开关电源参数的参考设置值。表3-1建议开关电源参数设置表参数名称设置要求浮充电压53.5V均充电压56.4V充电限流0.1C10A高压告警值57.6V低压告警值46V浮充电压温度补偿系数-3mV/℃只均充电压温度补偿系数-5mV/℃只高温告警35℃脱离电压44V复位电压49V均充周期90天周期均充时间15h复电均充起始条件放出20%以上容量浮充转均充条件大于50mA/Ah停电后均充时间24h退出均充条件小于5mA/Ah继续均充时间3h充电容量倍数不小于1.2倍上表中的浮充、均充电压数据是在25℃环境温度下的参数设定值，其它温度下的参数按表3-2和3-3进行修正。限流值指开关电源的输出电流减去通信设备所需电流值。2.电池的容量2.1电池容量的概念电池在一定放电条件下所能给出的电量称为电池的容量,以符号C表示。常用的单位为安培小时，简称安时(Ah)。通常在C的下角处标明放电时率，如C10表明10小时率的放电容量；C3表明3小时率的放电容量。电池的容量分为额定容量和实际容量。LSA系列电池的额定容量见表1-1。实际容量是指电池在一定放电条件下所能输出的电量。它等于放电电流与放电时间的乘积，单位为Ah。2.2影响实际容量的因数电池的实际容量主要与电池正、负极活性物质的数量及利用率有关。活性物质利用率主要受放电制度、电极的结构、制造工艺的影响。使用过程中影响实际容量的是放电率、放电制度、终止电压和温度。2.3放电率放电率常用时率和倍率表示。图2-1为不同放电倍率的放电曲线。从图中可以看出：电池放电倍率越高，放电电流越大，放电时间就越短，放出的相应容量越少。2.4终止电压终止电压指电池放电时电压下降到不宜再放电时的最低工作电压。LSA系列电池10小时率的终止电压为1.80V/只。由于铅酸蓄电池本身的特性，即使放电的终止电压继续降低，电池也不会放出太多的容量，但终止电压过低对电池的损伤极大，尤其当放电达到0V而又不能及时充电时，将大大缩短电池的寿命。3.电池使用温度3.1容量与温度的关系温度影响电池的容量，图3-1为LSA电池放出容量（10小时率，终止电压1.80V）与温度的关系曲线。温度降低，电池容量将减少，例如温度从25℃降低到0℃，容量将下降到额定容量的90%左右，同时温度过低，使电池长期充电不足，造成负极硫酸盐化，最终导致电池放不出电。随着环境温度的升高，电池容量在一定范围内会增加，例如温度从25℃升高到35℃，容量将上升到额定容量的105%左右，但温度如继续上升，容量的增加很缓慢，最终将不会继续增加。环境温度的升高，也将加速电池板栅的腐蚀和电池水分的损失，从而大大缩短电池的寿命。图3-1容量与温度关系曲线3.2浮充电压与温度的关系选择特定的浮充电压是为了使电池在最好的状态下运行。如果浮充电压过高，电池的浮充电流随之增大，加快板栅腐蚀速度，降低电池使用寿命；浮充电压过低，电池不能维持充足电状态，引起硫酸盐化，容量减少，也会降低电池的使用寿命。在25℃下，南都电池的单体浮充电压为2.23V，温度补偿系数为-3mV/℃只。表3-2不同温度温度下浮充电压设置表环境温度（℃）浮充电压（V/只）1~52.296~102.2811~152.2616~202.2521~252.2326~302.2231~352.2036~402.193.3均充电压与温度的关系阀控式铅酸电池需要定期进行均衡充电，以保证电池正常运行，在25℃下，南都电池单体的均充电压为2.35V。同样，均充电压需要随环境温度进行调整，电池均充电压的温度补偿系数为-5mV/℃只。表3-3不同环境温度下均充电压设置表环境温度（℃）均充电压（V/只）1～52.456～102.4311～152.4016～202.3821～252.3526～302.3331～352.3036～402.28图3－2浮充、均充电压－温度曲线3.4寿命与温度的关系图3－2浮充、均充电压－温度曲线温度升高会损坏电池，降低电池的使用寿命，当环境温度超过25℃时，温度每升高10℃，电池使用寿命将减少一半，例如电池设计寿命在25℃为10年，在35℃下长期运行，寿命只有5年。有如下公式：L25＝LT×2（T-25）/10其中：T为电池在实际运行时的环境温度；LT为在环境温度为T时，电池的设计寿命；L25为在环境温度为25℃时，电池的设计寿命应该控制电池使用的环境温度，阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池的散热条件比较差，当热量积累到一定程度后会损坏电池，严重时会引起热失控。若室内温度过高则必须适当通风、改善环境温度，电池间距不要低于10mm，同时按手册要求调节电池的浮充电压和均充电压值。4.充放电要求4.1均衡充电下列情况下需对电池组均衡充电：a电池组中有两只以上电池电压低于2.18V；b电池浮充运行超过三个月。均衡充电的方法为恒压限流法：以不超过0.1C10A的恒电流对电池组充电，到电池平均电压上升到2.35/只（25℃），然后改用2.35V/只恒压充电，均衡充电时间为15小时。4.2电池充电下列情况下需对电池组充电，充电方法同