高考英语二轮复习外刊阅读训练学案全美竟1.2亿人生活在空气污染地区

23年高考英语外刊阅读训练——阅读理解：本文节选自：TheGuardian（卫报）作者：NinaLakhani原文标题：Nearly120millionpeopleinUSexposedtounhealthylevelsofsootandsmog–reportTheclimatecrisishasupendedprogressonimprovingairquality,withoneinthreeAmericanscurrentlylivinginareaswithharmfullevelsofpollutantsknowntoincreasetheriskofmedicalemergencies,pregnancycomplicationsandprematuredeath,newresearchreveals.Almost120millionpeopleintheUSarestillexposedtounhealthylevelsofsootandsmog,accordingtotheannualreportbytheAmericanLungAssociation(ALA),whichfoundthatpeopleofcolorarealmostfourtimesmorelikelytoliveinthemostpollutedplacesthanwhiteAmericans.Theextenttowhichaccesstocleanairisracializedisstark;peopleofcoloraccountfor54%ofthoselivingincountieswithfailingairquality,despiteaccountingforjustover40%ofthegeneralpopulation.Thezipcodelotteryspotlightsdecadesofracisthousingandenvironmentalpolicies,whichhaveincentivizedandenabledpollutinginfrastructurelikehighwaysandrailroads,fossilfuelprojectsandmanufacturingplantstobelocatedclosetoBlack,LatinandIndigenouscommunities.Anddespiteoverallimprovementsinairqualityandpollution-relateddeathsoverthepast50years,thereportalsohighlightsawideningdisparitybetweenairqualityineasternandwesternstates,especiallyforsootparticles–scientificallyknownasfineparticulatematterorPM2.5.Tenofthe11mostpollutedcountiesareinCaliforniawheretheclimatebreakdownisfuelingwildfiresandrisingtemperaturesthatareunderminingeffortstoimproveairqualityinplaceslikeFresno,SanBernardino,TulareandLosAngeles.“Itisstrikinganddistressingthat120millionpeoplearestillatriskfromunhealthyairpollution,saidKatherinePruitt,leadauthorandtheALA’snationalseniorpolicydirector.“Sincearound2017,heatanddroughtdrivenbyclimatechangehasbeenundoingsomeoftheprogressthatweshouldhavemadeandbeenabletoretain.”阅读理解：1.AccordingtotheannualreportbytheAmericanLungAssociation,whatproportionofpeopleofcolorliveinthemostpollutedplacesintheUS?A)40%B)54%C)60%D)75%答案：B2.Whatistheeffectofpollutantsonpeople'shealth?A)Theyincreasetheriskofmedicalemergencies.B)Theydecreasetheriskofpregnancycomplications.C)Theyimproveairquality.D)Theyincreaselifeexpectancy.答案：A3.WhatcausesthewideningdisparitybetweenairqualityineasternandwesternstatesintheUS?A)Decreaseinindustrialproduction.B)Lackofenvironmentalpolicies.C)Climatebreakdown.D)Increaseinpopulation.答案：C4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasatypeofpollutinginfrastructure?A)HighwaysB)RailroadsC)FossilfuelprojectsD)Supermarkets答案：D5.Whatisthezipcodelottery?A)Alotterywherepeoplecanwincleanair.B)Atermreferringtotheracialdisparityinairquality.C)Awaytoraiseawarenessaboutclimatechange.D)AgameplayedinCaliforniatoraisemoneyforenvironmentalcauses.答案：B6.WhichstateintheUShasthemostpollutedcounties?A)FloridaB)CaliforniaC)NewYorkD)Texas答案：B7.Whatisthenamefortheharmfulparticlesintheair?A)CarbondioxideB)OxygenD)Nitrogen答案：C8.Howlonghasprogressonimprovingairqualitybeenundonebyclimatechange?A)Sincearound2007B)Sincearound2008C)Sincearound2017D)Sincearound2018答案：C9.WhatisthemaincauseofthedisparityinaccesstocleanairintheUS?A)Lackoffundsforenvironmentalpolicies.B)Racisthousingandenvironmentalpolicies.C)Lackofpublictransportation.D)Economicinequality.答案：B10.WhatisthepurposeoftheannualreportbytheAmericanLungAssociation?A)Topromotefossilfuelprojects.B)Toraiseawarenessabouttheeffectsofclimatechange.C)Toevaluateprogressonimprovingairquality.D)ToreducethepopulationoftheUS.答案：C词汇总结：1.climatecrisis气候危机2.upend颠覆3.progress进展4.improvingairquality改善空气质量5.harmfullevelsofpollutants有害污染物的水平6.increasetheriskofmedicalemergencies增加医疗紧急事件的风险7.pregnancycomplications妊娠并发症8.prematuredeath早逝9.research研究10.Americans美国人11.currently目前12.livinginareas生活在区域13.unhealthylevelsofsootandsmog不健康的积烟和雾霾水平14.annualreport年度报告15.AmericanLungAssociation（ALA）美国肺协会16.peopleofcolor有色人种17.mostpollutedplaces污染最严重的地方18.whiteAmericans白人美国人19.accesstocleanair纯净空气的获取20.racialized种族歧视21.stark明显的22.counties县23.failingairquality空气质量不佳24.generalpopulation总人口25.zipcodelottery邮政编码抽奖26.decades十年27.racisthousingandenvironmentalpolicies种族主义者住房和环境政策28.incentivized激励29.enabled使能够30.pollutinginfrastructure污染基础设施31.highwaysandrailroads公路和铁路32.fossilfuelprojectsandmanufacturingplants化石燃料项目和制造工厂33.LatinandIndigenouscommunities拉丁和土著社区34.overallimprovements总的改善35.pollution-relateddeaths污染相关死亡36.wideningdisparity增大的差距37.easternandwesternstates东部和西部州38.sootparticles积烟颗粒39.fineparticulatematter细颗粒物（PM2.5）40.pollutedcounties污染最严重的州41.California加利福尼亚42.climatebreakdown气候崩溃43.fueling加剧44.wildfires森林大火45.risingtemperatures上升的温度46.undermining破坏47.Fresno、SanBernardino、Tulare和LosAngeles佛雷斯诺、圣贝尔纳迪诺、图拉和洛杉矶48.distressing令人痛苦的49.leadauthor首席作者50.nationalseniorpolicydirector国家高级政策主任新词积累：英/sʊt/美/sʊt/n.煤烟，烟灰vt.用煤烟熏黑；以煤烟弄脏英/dɪˈspærəti/美/dɪˈspærəti/英/ˈpremətʃə(r)/美/ˌpriːməˈtʃʊr/adj.过早的，提早的；早产的；草率的，仓促的◆词组搭配

1.fossilfuel

[能源]矿物燃料，[能源]化石燃料

2.sootparticle

烟灰碳颗粒

写作句总结原句：Sincearound2017,heatanddroughtdrivenbyclimatechangehasbeenundoingsomeoftheprogressthatweshouldhavemadeandbeenabletoretain.结构：Since(time),(issue/problem)drivenby(cause)hasbeenundoingsomeoftheprogressthatweshouldhavemadeandbeenabletoretain.例句：Sincetheintroductionofsocialmedia,theriseoffakenewsdrivenbythesharingandamplificationofmisinformationhasbeenundoingsomeoftheprogressthatweshouldhavemadeandbeenabletoretaininpublicdiscourse.全文对照翻译Theclimatecrisishasupendedprogressonimprovingairquality,withoneinthreeAmericanscurrentlylivinginareaswithharmfullevelsofpollutantsknowntoincreasetheriskofmedicalemergencies,pregnancycomplicationsandprematuredeath,newresearchreveals.一项新研究显示，气候危机逆转了空气质量改善的进程，目前有三分之一的美国人生活污染物处于有害水平的地区，这些污染物会增加紧急医疗状况、妊娠并发症以及早亡的风险。Almost120millionpeopleintheUSarestillexposedtounhealthylevelsofsootandsmog,accordingtotheannualreportbytheAmericanLungAssociation(ALA),whichfoundthatpeopleofcolorarealmostfourtimesmorelikelytoliveinthemostpollutedplacesthanwhiteAmericans.Theextenttowhichaccesstocleanairisracializedisstark;peopleofcoloraccountfor54%ofthoselivingincountieswithfailingairquality,despiteaccountingforjustover40%ofthegeneralpopulation.根据美国肺脏协会的年度报告，美国有近1.2亿人仍暴露在不健康的煤烟和烟尘环境中，该报告发现，有色人种生活在污染最严重地区的可能性几乎是白种美国人的四倍。获得清洁空气的种族差异是非常明显的；居住在空气质量不佳的县的人中有54%为有色人种，而有色人种占总人口的比例不过是40%多一点。Thezipcodelotteryspotlightsdecadesofracisthousingandenvironmentalpolicies,whichhaveincentivizedandenabledpollutinginfrastructurelikehighwaysandrailroads,fossilfuelprojectsandmanufacturingplantstobelocatedclosetoBlack,LatinandIndigenouscommunities.“邮编彩票”问题突显了美国存在数十年的住房和环境政策种族歧视问题，相关政策鼓励并允许高环境污染环境的基础设施，如高速公路和铁路，化石燃料项目以及制造厂等安置在黑人、拉丁裔和土著社区附近。（编者注：在美国历史上，存在大量的种族歧视和歧视性的住房和环保政策，导致黑人、拉丁裔和土著人等少数族裔社区经常被安排在贫困地区或者污染的区域。邮编彩票，是指黑人、拉丁裔和土著人社区中的环境污染率更高，所以这些社区中的居民更容易“生病中奖”。）Anddespiteoverallimprovementsinairqualityandpollution-relateddeathsoverthepast50years,thereportalsohighlightsawideningdisparitybetweenairqualityineasternandwesternstates,especiallyforsootparticles–scientificallyknownasfinepart