航次计划和气象导航

IMOModelCourse4.05EnergyEfficientOperationofShipsLecture02-8:VoyagePlanningandWeatherRoutingHangzhou,China8to9December2016DrZabiBazariEnergyandEmissionsSolutionsLondon,UKVoyageplanningprinciplesVoyageplanningisaproceduretodevelopacompletedescriptionofavessel'svoyagefromberthtoberth.Theplanincludesleavingthedockandharbourarea,thesea-goingportionofavoyage,approachtodestination,andmooring.MasterisresponsibleforvoyageplanningbutnormallythetaskisdelegatedtoSecondOfficer

AccordingtoIMOguidelines,voyageplanningconsistsoffourstages:appraisal,planning,execution,andmonitoring.VoyageplanningstagesAppraisal:Evaluationofthevoyageandgatheringfullinformationaboutit.Planning:Theactualvoyageplanispreparedusingdataandprojectingthefuturevoyageeventsandissues.Theendresultisthetracklineonanavigationchart.Thefinalchoiceofroutewillbetheresultofsomeiterations.Execution:IstherealexecutionMonitoring:Oncethevoyagehasbeguntheprogressofthevesselalongitsplannedroutemustbemonitored.Voyageplan–AreastobeincludedWeatherforecastsandroutingShallowwaterareasECAoperationsPassagespeedEtc.Thevoyageplanthusshouldincludearouteplanningbasedontheaboveplusothersafety/etc.considerations.Weatherrouting

Thefuelconsumptionforashipnotonlydependsonspeed,butalsoonwaterdepthandweatherconditions.Theoptimalspeeddistributionalongtheroutecanbecalculatedinadvance,ifaweatherforecastisavailable.Weatherroutingdevelopsanoptimumtrackforoceanvoyagesbasedonweatherforecasts,seaconditions,andaship’sindividualfeaturesforaparticulartransit.Withinspecifiedweatherlimitsandseaconditions,weatherroutingaimstomaximizesafetyandcrewcomfort,minimizetimeunderwayandminimizefuelconsumption.Toprovidetheabove,“weatherroutingserviceproviders”arenowsupportingshipoperations.Speed(X)WaterDepth(D)Increase(%)1085101031010001782017151017100020830201520201000ImpactofshallowwateronfuelconsumptionThefollowingtableshowsthefuelconsumptionincrease(%)fordifferentwaterdepthsDandspeedsx.Shallowwatershavesignificantonaship’sfuelconsumptionThelevelofimpactisafunctionofspeedThefollowingtabledescribesatypicalandapproximaterelationshipbetweenincreasedwindstrength,direction,andincreasedfuelconsumptionforeachunitofBeaufort.WindDirection,wdTypeIncrease(%)315-360,0-45Headwind445-135,225-315Sidewind2135-225Tailwind1Impactofwindonshipperformance

ThewindfromthesideandevenslightlyfrombehindalsoincreasesthefuelconsumptionduetothelargeopensurfaceonthesidesofmanyshipsOtheraspectsofshiproutesECAareasandnon-ECAareasOperationinECAwouldneedmoreexpensivefueltouse.AvoidingECAasmuchaspossibleisabonusintermsof