高考英语二轮复习外刊阅读理解训练：如何避免过度疲劳

高考英语外刊阅读理解训练——如何避免过度疲劳——改编自HowtoavoidexcessivefatigueWhendealingwiththestressofstudyingforexams,workingonprojects,orstrugglingwithadissertation,burnoutcanoccur.Burnoutisnotjustphysicalexhaustion;itcanalsobementalexhaustionandiscausedbyprolongedexposuretostress.Thiscanleadtofeelingsofdepression,cynicism,andlethargy,ultimatelystiflingcreativityandproductivity.Thereareseveraltipsthatcanhelpavoidburnout,suchasPsychologistAlbertBandura'sself-efficacytheory.Thistheorysuggeststhatbeliefinyourabilitytocompleteataskcanmakethattaskseemmoreachievable.Findingoutletsforcreativity,eveniftheyaren'trelatedtoyourjob,canalsohelpalleviatestress.Lookingafteroneselfandone'ssurroundingsisanotherkeyaspectofavoidingburnout.Takingcareofone'senvironmenthelpstocreateacleanandpositiveatmospherethatcanaffectbothmentalandemotionalstates.Positivethinkingcanalsoplayasignificantroleinavoidingburnout.Maintainingapositivementalattitudetowardseverythingyoudocanhelpreducethedrainingeffectsofnegativity.Burnoutisacommonconditionintoday'sworldthatcannegativelyimpactworkandpersonallife.Takingstepstoavoidburningoutcanbenefitnotjustyourselfbutthosearoundyou,includingyourbossandfamily.【重点词汇】1.stress/stres/n.压力2.exam/ɪɡˈzæm/n.考试3.project/ˈprɑ:dʒekt/n.项目4.dissertation,thesis/ˌdɪsərˈteɪʃn,ˈθi:sɪs/n.论文5.burnout/ˈbɜ:rnaʊt/n.精疲力尽6.physical/ˈfɪzɪkl/adj.物理的，身体的7.mental/ˈmentl/adj.心理的8.exhaustion/ɪɡˈzɔ:stʃn/n.疲劳9.prolonged/proʊˈlɑ:.ŋd/adj.长时间的10.exposure/ɪkˈspoʊʒər/n.接触11.depression/dɪˈpreʃn/n.抑郁12.cynicism/ˈsɪnɪsɪzəm/n.愤世嫉俗13.lethargy/ˈleθərdʒi/n.昏睡14.productivity/ˌproʊdʌkˈtɪvəti/n.生产力15.creative/kriˈeɪtɪv/adj.创造性的16.outlet/ˈaʊtlɛt/n.出路17.self-efficacy/selfˈɛfɪkəsi/n.自我效能18.theory/ˈθi:əri/n.理论19.achievable/əˈtʃi:vəbl/adj.可完成的20.environment/ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/n.环境21.atmosphere/ˈætməsfɪr/n.大气层，氛围22.mentalattitude/ˈmentl,ˈætɪtju:d/n.心态23.draining/dreɪnɪŋ/adj.消耗体力的24.negativity/nɛɡəˈtɪvəti/n.消极性25.impact/ˈɪmpækt/n.影响26.personal/ˈpɜ:r.sə.nəl/adj.个人的27.benefit/ˈbenəfɪt/v.有益于28.boss/bɔ:s/n.老板29.family/ˈfæmli/n.家庭30.alleviate/əˈlivieɪt/v.缓解31.stifle/ˈstaɪfl/v.扼杀32.belief/bɪˈlif/n.信仰33.task/tæsk/n.任务34.related/rɪˈleɪtɪd/adj.相关的35.playarole/pleɪəroʊl/起到作用36.maintain/meɪnˈteɪn/v.维持37.keyaspect/ki:ˈæspekt/关键方面38.ability/əˈbɪləti/n.能力39.achieve/əˈtʃiv/v.实现40.clean/kli:n/adj.干净的41.positive/ˈpɑ:zətɪv/adj.积极的42.beliefinoneself/bɪˈlifɪnwʌn'self/自信43.assist/əˈsɪst/v.帮助44.drain/dreɪn/v.排放，耗尽45.impacton/ˈɪmpæktɒn/对…产生影响46.tips/tɪps/n.小贴士47.outletforcreativity/ˈaʊtlɛtfɔrkri:ˈeɪtɪvəti/创造性的出口48.takecareof/teɪkkeərʌv/照顾49.workscenario/wɜrksəˈneərioʊ/工作场景50.surround/səˈraʊnd/v.包围【阅读理解练习题】1.Whatisburnout?A.Onlyphysicalexhaustioncausedbystress.B.Onlymentalexhaustioncausedbystress.C.Bothphysicalandmentalexhaustioncausedbyprolongedexposuretostress.D.Onlythefeelingofdepressioncausedbystress.答案：C。解析：文章开头第一句话就说了“Burnoutisnotjustphysicalexhaustion;itcanalsobementalexhaustion”，说明burnout不仅是身体疲惫，还可以是精神疲惫，而且是因为长时间的压力刺激导致的。2.WhatisAlbertBandura’sself-efficacytheory?A.Beliefinoneselfthatataskisunachievable.B.Beliefinoneselfthatataskisachievable.C.Amethodtoavoidtakingontoomanytasksatonce.D.Atechniquetosuppresscreativity.答案：B。解析：文章提到AlbertBandura’sself-efficacytheory认为相信自己能完成任务会使任务看起来更有可行性（seemmoreachievable）。3.Accordingtothearticle,whatcanhelpalleviateburnout?A.WorkinglongerhoursB.FindingoutletsforcreativityC.AvoidingpositivityD.Neglectingcleanliness答案：B。解析：文章提到寻找发挥创造力的出口即可减轻压力（Findingoutletsforcreativity,eveniftheyaren'trelatedtoyourjob,canalsohelpalleviatestress.）4.Howcanpositivethinkinghelpavoidburnout?A.ByreducingthedrainingeffectsofnegativityB.BypreventingallsourcesofstressC.BysuppressingcreativityD.Byignoringproblems答案：A。解析：文章提到保持积极向上的心态可以帮助减轻消极情绪的压力（Maintainingapositivementalattitudetowardseverythingyoudocanhelpreducethedrainingeffectsofnegativity.）5.Whyisitimportanttoavoidburnout?A.Itonlyaffectspersonallife.B.Itonlyaffectsworklife.C.Itcannegativelyimpactbothworkandpersonallife.D.Itdoesnotaffectthosearoundyou.答案：C。解析：文章最后一句话指出避免burnout不仅对自己有好处，而且还对身边人有好处（Takingstepstoavoidburningoutcanbenefitnotjustyourselfbutthosearoundyou,includingyourbossandfamily.）。6.Whatkindofexhaustioncanbecausedbyburnout?A.OnlyphysicalexhaustionB.OnlymentalexhaustionC.BothphysicalandmentalexhaustionD.Neitherphysicalnormentalexhaustion答案：C。解析：文章开头第一句话就说了“Burnoutisnotjustphysicalexhaustion;itcanalsobementalexhaustion”，说明burnout可以是身体和精神上的疲惫。7.Whatcancreateapositiveatmosphereaccordingtothearticle?A.Neglectingone'senvironmentB.Takingcareofone'ssurroundingsC.RemovingallsourcesofstressD.Maintaininganegativeattitude答案：B。解析：文章提到关注自己和周围环境是预防burnout的关键之一，并且文章也提到了“Takingcareofone'senvironmenthelpstocreateacleanandpositiveatmospherethatcanaffectbothmentalandemotionalstates.”。8.Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?A.Burnoutcanbecausedbystressandhaveanegativeimpactonworkandpersonallife.B.Positivethinkingcanpreventallsourcesofstress.C.AlbertBandura’sself-efficacytheoryisthebestmethodtoavoidburnout.D.Outletsforcreativityneedtoberelatedtoone'sjobtoalleviateburnout.答案：A。解析：文章从开头就阐述了burnout的概念及其对工作和个人生活的负面影响，随后逐步讲解避免burnout的方法。因此选项A最符合主旨要点。【全文逐句对照翻译】当应对考试学习、项目工作或论文的压力时，倦怠可能会发生。Whendealingwiththestressofstudyingforexams,workingonprojects,orstrugglingwithadissertation,burnoutcanoccur.倦怠不仅仅是身体上的疲惫;Burnoutisnotjustphysicalexhaustion;它也可能是精神疲惫，是由长期暴露在压力下引起的。itcanalsobementalexhaustionandiscausedbyprolongedexposuretostress.这可能会导致抑郁、愤世嫉俗和昏昏欲睡的感觉，最终扼杀创造力和生产力。Thiscanleadtofeelingsofdepression,cynicism,andlethargy,ultimatelystiflingcreativityandproductivity.有几个建议可以帮助避免倦怠，比如心理学家阿尔伯特·班杜拉的自我效能理论。Thereareseveraltipsthatcanhelpavoidburnout,suchasPsychologistAlbertBandura'sself-efficacytheory.这一理论表明，相信自己有能力完成一项任务，会让这项任务看起来更容易完成。Thistheorysuggeststhatbeliefinyourabilitytocompleteataskcanmakethattaskseemmoreachievable.即使与你的工作无关，为创造力寻找出路也能帮助缓解压力。Findingoutletsforcreativity,eveniftheyaren'trelatedtoyourjob,canalsohelpalleviatestress.照顾好自己和周围环境是避免倦怠的另一个关键方面。Lookingafteroneselfandone'ssu