专题四：名词性从句

PAGE38专题四：名词性从句专题五：名词性从句（NounClauses）在英语中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句包括：主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的词叫做连接词，包括连词（在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不作成分）、连接代词（在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语）和连接副词（在名词性从句中作状语）。名词性从句是一种具有名词作用的非独立分句，一般不用标点符号与主句隔开。尽管有时有特殊疑问词存在，但所有名词性从句的语序都是陈述语序。一、主语从句(SubjectClauses)主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有连词：that,whether,if；连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,which,whichever；连接副词：when,whenever,where,wherever,how,however,why。1.连词that,whether,if引导的主语从句that在主语从句中不作成分，没有意思，不能省略；whether和if虽不作句子的成分，但有“是否”的意思，且if引导的主语从句不能位于句首。Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntousall.地球绕着太阳转这一点是众所周知的。Thatshewaschosenmadeushappy.她被选上使我们感到高兴。Whetherhewillcomeornotisnotyetknown.他是否要来还不知道。（只能用whether）Whetherwe’llgooutingdependsontheweather.我们是否去郊游视天气而定。（只能用whether）Itisnotcertainwhether/ifthequestionwillbediscussed.那个问题是否将被讨论还不确定。(二者皆可)2.连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever,which,whichever引导的主语从句what,whatever,who,whoever,which,whichever在主语从句中起代词的作用，可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语，有具体的意思且不能省略。Whatsurpriseduswasthathepassedthedrivingtest.使我们感到惊奇的是他通过了驾驶考试。Whatweneedismorepractice.我们需要的是更多的练习。WhateverIhaveisyours.我所拥有的一切都是你的。Whowillgoisnotimportant.谁将去是不重要的。Whoeverisheregetsaprize.不管谁来，都能获奖。Whichteamwillwinthematchisstillunknown.哪个队将赢得比赛还不知道。WhicheveryouchooseisOK.不论你选哪一个都行。3.连接副词when,whenever,where,wherever,how,however,why引导的主语从句when,whenever,where,wherever,how,however,why在主语从句中起副词的作用，作状语，有具体的意思且不能省略。Whentheywillstarthasn’tbeendecidedyet.他们将何时动身还没有决定。WheneveryoucomeisOK.你无论何时来都行。Wherehehasbeenisstillapuzzle.他曾去过什么地方仍是个迷。Wherevershewantstogoisnotallowed.无论她想要去哪儿都是不被允许的。Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntoall.他是怎样成为伟大科学家的这一点众所周知。Howeverlateyoucomedoesn’tmatter.无论你来的有多晚都没关系。Whyhediditwasn’tquiteclear.他为什么作那件事是不清楚的。4.用it作形式主语的主语从句如果主语从句太长，为了避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可以用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。常见的结构有：①It+be+形容词+that…，常见的形容词有known,clear,necessary,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,certain,obvious,strange,natural等。Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntousall.地球绕着太阳转这一点是众所周知的。ItisknowntousallthattheearthturnsaroundthesunWhetherhewillcomeornotisnotclear.他是否要来还不清楚。Itisnotclearwhether/ifhewillcomeornot.②It+be+名词+that…常见的名词有apity,ashame,afact,anhonour,amystery,awonder,nowonder,goodnews,commonknowledge等。Itisapitythathedidn’tpasstheexam.他没有通过考试真遗憾。Itisawonderthathesurvivedthecrash.他从坠机事件中幸存下来真是个奇迹。Itisnowonderthathehasachievedsomuchsuccess.难怪他取得如此大的成功。③It+be+动词过去分词+that…常见的过去分词有said,believed,reported,pointedout,hoped,thought,decided,ordered等。Itissaidthatheisafamouswriter.据说他是位著名的作家。Itisreportedthattherewillbeastormthisafternoon.据报道今天下午有暴风雨。④It+特殊动词+that…常见的特殊动词有seem,appear,happen,matter,turnout,occurto等。Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain.天看起来要下雨了。IthappenedthatIdidn’ttakeanymoneywithme.碰巧我身上没带钱。ItoccurredtomethatIdidn’tclosethewindow.我突然想起我没有关窗户。注：a.what与that引导主语从句时的区别：what不但起连接作用，而且有具体意义，意为“…的事情/东西〔thething(s)that〕”，在从句中作主语或宾语。而that在从句中无词义，不作成分，只起连接作用。简言之，从句中若不缺少主语或宾语时，就用that,否则用what。Whatsurprisesusisthatcomputerscanrecognisehumanvoices.让我们感到惊讶的是电脑能分辨人的声音。Whatwelackisknowledge.我们缺乏的是知识。ThathecomesfromtheUSAisknowntousall.我们大家都知道他来自美国。b.若that引导主语从句是疑问句时，就只能用it作形式主语的结构。Isitcertainthathewillcome?他要来确定吗？Isittruethathewouldtaketherisk?他要承担很大的风险是真的吗？二、表语从句(PredicativeClauses)表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。一般放在连系动词如be,seem,look等之后，引导表语从句的词有连词：that,whether；连接代词：who,whom,whose,what,which等；连接副词：when,where,how,why等。1.连词that,whether引导的表语从句that,whether在表语从句中不作成分，只起连接作用。that一般无意义，但不能省略；whether意为“是否”。Thefactisthattheboyislying.事实是那个男孩在撒谎。Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.问题在于我们缺钱。Thereasonisthatwecan’tgetthereontime.原因是因为我们不能按时到达那儿。Thefirstquestioniswhetheritistrueornot.首要的问题是这是否是真的。Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.问题是这是否值得做。2.连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句表语从句可由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which等和连接副词when,where,how,why等来引导。Thequestioniswhoshouldbetoblame.问题是谁该受责备。Theproblemiswhomtheyarelookingfor?问题是他们在找谁。Chinaisnotwhatitusedtobe.中国不再是过去的中国了。Thisishowshedidit.这就是她怎样做的。Thatiswherehewasborn.那就是他出生的地方。Thatiswhyhewaslate.那就是他迟到的原因。3.其他连词引导的表语从句because,as,asif,asthough等也可以引导表语从句。as,asif,asthough引导的表语从句通常跟在seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel等动词之后。Ithinkitisbecauseyouaretooserious.我想这是因为你太认真的缘故。Youlookjustasyoulookedtenyearsago.你看上去和十年前完全一样。Ifeelasif/thoughthehouseisshaking.我感到房子好像在晃动。Itlooksasif/thoughitisgoingtorain.天看起来好像要下雨了。Itsoundsasif/thoughsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.听上去好像有人在敲门。注：a.当主语为表示“建议、命令、要求”等名词时，其表语从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可以省略。常见的名词有：advice,suggestion,proposal,order,demand等。Mysuggestion/adviceisthatwe(should)gothereatonce.我的建议是我们应该马上去那儿。Herdemandisthatwe(should)helpher.她的要求是我们应该帮助她。b.asif/though引导表语从句，表示与事实相符时，用陈述语气；表示与事实不相符时，用虚拟语气。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.天看起来要下雨了。（表示与事实相符时，用陈述语气。）Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.天看起来要下雨了。（表示与事实不相符时，用虚拟语气。）c.reason作主语时，其表语从句需用that引导，而不用because，这时that意为“因为”。但reason的定语从句常由why引起。Thereasonisthatwecan’tgetthereontime.原因是因为我们不能按时到达那儿。Thereasonforthecaraccidentisthatthedriverwasdrunk.这次交通事故的原因是因为司机酗酒。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathewasill.他迟到的原因是因为他病了。三、宾语从句(ObjectiveClauses)宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句可分为动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。引导宾语从句的词有连词：that,whether,if；连接代词：who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever；连接副词：when,whenever,where,wherever,how,however,why。宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。1.连词that，whether，if引导的宾语从句that,whether,if在宾语从句中不作成分，只起连接作用。that无意义，可以省略；whether/if意为“是否”，不可省略。Hesaid(that)hewouldhelpus.他说他会帮助我们。Ithink(that)youareright.我认为你是对的。Wedoubtwhether/ifhewillcome.我们怀疑他是否要来。2.连接代词引导的宾语从句who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever等引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语，有具体的意思且不能省略。Doyouknowwhotheyarewaitingfor?你知道他们在等谁吗？Idon’tknowwhosebookthisis.我不知道这是谁的书。Payattentiontowhattheteachersaid.注意老师所说的话。Giveareadinglisttowhoevercomes.给所有来的人一份阅读书目。Iwilltakewhicheverbookinterestsme.我愿买任何让我感兴趣的书。3.连接副词引导的宾语从句when,whenever,where,wherever,how,however,why等引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中可以作状语，有具体的意思且不能省略。Idon’tknowwhenwewillmeetagain.我不知道我们何时才能再见面。Doyouknowwhyhewaslate?你知道他为什么迟到吗？Idon'tmindhoweverlateyoucome.我不介意你来得多么晚。4.it作形式宾语，代替宾语从句①feel,find,think,consider,believe,make等后有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将that从句后置。（即结构：feel/find/think/consider/believe/make…+it+OC+that…）Wefeelitourdutythatweshouldmakeourcountryabetterplace.我们觉得使我们的国家成为一个更好的地方是我们的责任。WeallfinditimportantthatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.我们都发现学好英语是重要的。Hemadeitquiteclearthathepreferredcoffeetotea.他很明确地说他喜欢咖啡胜过茶。Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldseekforanewsolutiontotheproblem.我认为你最好寻找一个解决该问题的新办法。②有些动词或短语后一般不直接接宾语从句，需在宾语从句前加it作形式宾语，这类动词有hate,like,dislike,love,hide,hear,take,seeto,dependon,relyon,counton,enjoy,appreciate,answerfor,feellike,befondof等。（即结构：hate/like/dislike…+it+宾语从句）Ihateitwhenyoulookatmelikethat.我不喜欢你看我的样子。Oneoftenhearsitsaidthattravelbroadensthemind.人们常常听说旅行可以使人心胸开阔。Hetookitthatweweretostayhereforthenight.他以为我们要在这里过夜。Iwillappreciateitifyoucanhelpme.如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。Pleaseseetoitthatyoubringenoughmoneywhenyougoout.出门时请务必带足够的钱。Theywillanswerforitthatthecomputerisreliable.他们愿意保证这台电脑是可靠的。5.宾语从句可以跟在及物动词（短语）后面，也可以跟在某些介词后面，还可以跟在某些形容词的后面。HesaysthathecomesfromLianyungang.他说他来自连云港。Wealwaysmeanwhatwesay.我们向来说话算话。Oursuccessdependsonhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我们的成功取决于我们互相之间合作得如何。Hegoestothelibraryeverydayexceptwhenitisraining.除了天下雨外，他每天都去图书馆。Ilikethebookinthatitismoreinteresting.我喜欢这本书因为它更有趣。Iaminterestedinhowweusecomputer.我对如何使用电脑感兴趣。I’msurethattheywillwin.我确信他们会赢。I’mafraidthatheisill.恐怕他病了。6.宾语从句的否定转移若主句的主语为第一人称且为一般现在时，主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等时，从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来。其反意疑问句的主语要与宾语从句中的主语保持一致，附加问句用肯定形式。Idon'tthinkyouareright.我认为你不对。Idon’tbelievethathewillkeephisword.我认为他不会守信的。Wedon’tsupposethat’shisfault,isit?我们认为那不是他的过错，是不是？7.复杂的特殊疑问句（又称双重疑问句）在某些宾语从句中，宾语从句的连接代词或连接副词常被移到主句之前，构成特殊疑问形式，其结构为：特殊疑问词+doyou+vt+宾语从句的其他部分（用陈述语序）？常见的用于此结构的动词有think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess,hope,say等。Whatdoyouthinkwewilldonext?你认为我们下一步该怎么办？Whodoyouguessisondutytoday?你认为今天谁值日？HowdoyousaytheywillgotoBeijing?你说他们将怎样去北京？注：a.在宾语从句中连词that常省略，但在以下几种情况下不可以省略。在某些动词如agree,argue,hold,observe,remark,state等之后that习惯上不省略；形式宾语it后that不能省略；动词和that从句中间有插入成分时不能省略；介词后面有that不能省略；有两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时，第一个that可以省略，其余的都不能省略。Heremarkedthatitwasgettinglate.他说天色渐晚了。Weholdthatheiswrong.我们认为他错了。Hemadeitquiteclearthathepreferredcoffeetotea.他很明确地说他喜欢咖啡胜过茶。Theywillanswerforitthatthecomputerisreliable.他们愿意保证这台电脑是可靠的。Theytoldusonceagainthatthesituationwasserious.他们又一次告诉我们说形势很严重。Thebusisemptyexceptthatthereisanoldladyinit.除了有位老太太外，那辆公共汽车是空的。Ilikethebookinthatitismoreinteresting.我喜欢这本书因为它更有趣。Ithink(that)heneedssomehelpandthatweshouldhelphim.我认为他需要帮助，我们应该帮助他。b.在宾语从句中连词whether,if常可互换，但在以下几种情况下不可以互换。宾语从句为否定句时，只能用if；在介词后面时，只能用whether；紧跟ornot时，只能用whether；后接不定式时，只能用whether；某些动词（discuss,doubt,leave,put）后只能用whether；宾语从句位于句首时，只能用whether；在引起歧义的情况下，应用whether；（主语从句位于句首时，只能用whether；在表语从句、同位语从句中，只能用whether。）Idon’tcareifhedoesn’tcome.我不关心他是否不来。I’mnotsureofwhetheritwillrain.我不能确定天是否下雨。Idon’tcarewhetherornotshewillattendthemeeting.我根本不关心她是否参加会议。Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertogotherebybus.我还没有决定是否做公交车去那儿。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldmakeachangeinourplan.我们讨论是否改动我们的计划。Whetherhecanfinishtheworkornot,Ican’tsay.他是否能完成这项工作，我说不准。Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouneedmyhelp.请让我知道你是否需要我帮忙。（Whetherwe’llgooutingdependsontheweather.我们是否去郊游视天气而定。Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.问题是这是否值得做。Thereisgreatdoubtwhetherheisguiltyornot.）他是否有罪有很大的怀疑。c.在“坚持、命令、建议、要求”等动词后的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可以省略。常见的动词有：insist,order,command,advise,suggest,propose,demand,require,desire,request等。（即：一坚持二命令三建议四要求。）Heinsistedthathe(should)besenttoTibet.他坚决要求被派往西藏。Theofficerorderedthatthesoldiers(should)startatonce.那位军官命令战士们应该马上动身。d.宾语从句的时态。当主句中的谓语是现在时或将来时时，从句中的谓语不受主句谓语时态的影响，可以根据需要使用任何时态。当主句谓语是过去时态时，从句的时态用相应的过去时态；若从句叙述的是客观真理或事实时，从句的时态则用一般现在时。Shesaysthatsheworkseveryday.她说她每天工作。（从句用一般现在时）ShesaysthatshewillleaveforShanghaitomorrow.她说明天她要动身去上海。（从句用一般将来时）ShesaysthatshehasneverbeentoMountEmei.她说她从未去过峨眉山。（从句用现在完成时）Hesaidthattherewerenoclassesyesterday.他说昨天没有课。（从句用一般过去时）Hesaidthathewouldattendaparty.他说他要参加一个聚会。（从句用过去将来时）HesaidthathehadneverbeentoYunnan.他说他从未去过云南。（从句用过去完成时）Hesaidthattheearthisround.他说地球是圆的。（客观事实，从句用一般现在时）四、同位语从句（AppositiveClauses）在复合句中用作名词同位语的从句，叫做同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词的后面，用以解释或说明前面的名词。常见的名词有：idea,news,fact,promise,answer，belief，doubt，hope，information，knowledge，law，opinion，plan，advice,suggestion，thought,truth,message,word,question,problem,report,order,feeling,warning,possibility,fear,statement,explanation,wish等。引导同位语从句的词有连词that，whether；连接代词who,what,which等；连接副词how，when，where，why等。①连词that，whether引导的同位语从句that，whether引导同位语从句，它们只起连接作用，不作句子成分。that无意义，whether意为“是否”，都不能省略。Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon。我们听到了我们队胜利的消息。Thefactthathehadsaidnothingsurprisedus.他什么也没说这一事实使我们感到惊奇。ImadeapromisethatifanyonesetmefreeIwouldmakehimveryrich.我许下诺言，如果有人把我放了，我将使他很富有。Wordcamethathefailedintheexam.他考试不及格的消息传来了。Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasn’tbeendiscussed.我们是否需要更多的时间来做这份工作这一问题还没有被讨论。Thereisgreatdoubtwhetherheisguiltyornot.他是否有罪有很大的怀疑。②连接代词who,what,which等引导的同位语从句who,what,which等引导的同位语从句，在同位语从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等，有具体的意思且不能省略。Ihavenoideawhowillgothere.我不知道谁将去那儿。Doyouhaveanyideawhatisgoingonthere?你知道那儿正在发生什么事？Ihavenoideawhichbookyoulikebest.我不知道你最喜欢哪本书。③连接副词how，when，where，why等引导的同位语从句when，how，where，why等引导同位语从句，在从句中作状语，有具体的意思且不能省略。Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback。我不知道他何时会回来。YouhavenoideahowworriedIwas.你不知道我有多担心啊。Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.我不知道他去了哪里。Theproblemwhytheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmerisstillunderdiscussion.地球为什么变得越来越暖这一问题仍在讨论中。注：a.名词advice,suggestion,proposal,order,demand等后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可以省略。Theadvicethattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.推迟那项计划的建议将在明天讨论。Sherefusedthedemandthathe(should)dotheworkalone.她拒绝了他单独做那项工作的请求。b.同位语从句与定语从句的区别。同位语从句是对前面的名词起解释说明的作用；定语从句是对前面的名词或代词起修饰限定的作用。区别它们的一个简便的方法：把“名词+that”结构取出，能在名词和that之间加个be动词构成一个表语从句，就是同位语从句，否则就是定语从句。Thenewsthatwewonthegameistrue.我们赢得比赛的消息是真的。（同位语从句）Thenewsthatweheardistrue.我们听到的那个消息是真的。（定语从句）▲补充说明：名词性从句中的连接词具体功能如下表：从句类型连词主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句动词宾语介词宾语形容词宾语that√√√√√√whether√√√√√√if√√连接代词what等√√√√√√连接副词when等√√√√√√wh-+ever√√√√附：直接引语和间接引语引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词连接于主句。一、陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略)，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。在这一方面，汉语和英语有许多相似之处，因此，在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时，要特别注意句子的意义。1)人称的变化a)Hesaid,"Ilikeitverymuch."Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.b)Hesaidtome,"I'veleftmybookinyourroom."Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.2)时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。直接引语转换成间接引语时时态的变化例句直接引语间接引语一般现在时→一般过去时Hesaid,“I’mafraidIcan’tfinishthiswork.”Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn’tfinishthatwork.现在进行时→过去进行时Hesaid,“I’musingtheknife.”Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.现在完成时→过去完成时Shesaid,“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.”ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.一般过去时→过去完成时Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.过去完成时不变Hesaid,“”Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper”.Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.一般将来时→过去站起来时ZhouLansaid,“I’lldoitafterclass.”ZhouLansaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化：直接引语转换成间接引语时词的变化例句直接引语间接引语this→that这个→那个Shesaid,“Iwillcomethismorning.”Shesaidthatshewouldgothatmorning.these→those这些→那些Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.now→then现在→那时Hesaid,“Itisnineo’clocknow.”Hesaidthatitwasnineo’clockthen.today→thatday今天→那在Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenhertoday.”Hesaidthathehadn’tseenherthatday.yesterday→thedaybefore昨天→前一天Shesaid,“Iwentthereyesterday.”Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.tomorrow→thenext(following)day明天→第二天hesaid,“Iwillgotheretomorrow.”Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenext(following)day.here→there这里→那里Hesaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedayse→go来→去Shesaid,“Iwillcomeherethisevening.”Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening.注：（1）直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Hesaid,"Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound."Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.（2）如果在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come不必改为go。如果在当天转述，yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。Shesaid,"I’llcomeheretomorrow."Shesaidthatshewouldcomeheretomorrow.二、疑问句直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序（主语在谓语的前面），句末用句号，主语的人称，时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。1)一般疑问句：直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导。句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked，没有间接引语时，可以加一个间接宾语（me,him,us等）。例如：Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”→Heasked(me)ifIwasinterestedinEnglish.Hesaid,“Didyouseehimlastnight?”Heasked(me)whetherIhadseenhimthenightbefore.2)特殊疑问句：直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。例如：“Whatdoyouwant?”heaskedme.→HeaskedmewhatIwanted.三、祈使句转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell,ask,order等动词，其句型是：tell/ask/order/sb.(not)todosomething.如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加not。例如：Shesaidtous,“Pleasesitdown.”→Sheaskedustositdown.Hesaidtohim,“Goaway!”→Heorderedhimtogoaway.Mothersaidtome,“comebackbefore10:00.”→Mothertoldmetocomebackbefore10:00.Hesaid,“Don'tmakesomuchnoise,boys.”→Hetoldtheboysnottomakesomuchnoise.名词性从句及直接引语和间接引语专练：1.________thisquestionwillbediscussedatthemeetingisnotcertain.IfB.WhetherC.WeatherD.What2.________heneedsistogetmorehelpfromyou.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.How3.________theyneedmorepracticeiscleartousall.A.WhatB.ThatC.IfD.Where4.________hasn’tbeendecidedyet.A.WhenwillwefinishtheworkB.HowwillwegettothezooC.WhatwearegoingtodoitD.Wherewearegoingtospendtheweekend.5.Is________knowntoeveryonewhogotthefirstprizeinthegame?A.itB.thisC.thatD.which6.________thatthereisgoingtobeanEnglishfilmintheneighboringschool.A.ItwassaidB.ItissayingC.ItissaidD.Itsaid7.That’s________Peterwaslatethismorning.A.whyB.thatC.whatD.which8.Thequestionis________.A.ifthewoundedhavebeenexaminedintimeB.howwilltheycarryouttheplanC.whethertheyattendedthemeetingtheotherdayD.whattheyareinterested9.Theboylooks________hewereagrown-up.A.ifasB.asthoughC.likeD.that10.Thetroubleis________wecangetmoreoil.A.ifB.whomC.whatD.where11.Itseems________thatpupilistellingalie.A.whatB.whetherC.whenD.that12.Thebossdidn’tknow________wouldhappentohimnextaftertheseriousaccident.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.how13.Don’tyouknow________?A.howoldMrs.BlackisB.whendidMrs.BlackreturnlastnightC.wherewillMrs.BlackbenightD.whatdoesMrs.Blacklikebest14.Ourprofessorthought________importantthatweshouldreadwidely.A.howB.whatC.itD.that15.Itwasmybrother’sbirthday,Iaskedhimtochoose________hewantedasgifts.A.whomeverB.whateverC.wheneverD.wherever16.Thefinalsuccessbelongsto________workshard.A.whomeverB.whoeverC.anyoneD.that17.Mr.Smithtookinterestin________hehadseeninthehistorymuseum.A.allwhatB.allwhichC.whatD.that18.Theteachertoldherpupilsthatlight________fasterthansound.A.travelsB.hadtraveledC.willtravelD.traveled19.Thenews________anotherpowerstationwillbebuiltcheeredallthevillagers.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whatever20.Thefact________mancanconquernatureisobvious.A.thatB.whichC.howD.when21.________youshoulddois________youmustfinishthisarticleintheshortestpossibletime.A.What;whyB.That;howC.What;thatD.That;what22.Whetherthesportsmeetwillbehelddependson________itisfinetomorrow.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.what23.Theydidn’tknow________ornottheirparentswouldcometotheclassmeeting.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which24.________hewaschosenmadeuswildwithjoy.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.When25.–Do________youthinkisright,________otherssay.--Yes,Iwill.A.as;whateverB.as;whetherC.what;whateverD.that;what26.________caughttherobberwouldbegivenarewardof＄20,000.A.OneB.TheoneC.WhoD.Whoever27.________surprisedusmostis________hewrotesomeofhisbestpiecesafterhebecamedeaf.A.That;thatB.That;whatC.What;thatD.It;that28.________youhavepraisedshouldtrytomakemoreprogressinfuture.A.NomatterwhoB.WhomeverC.WhateverD.Whenever29.Itisnolongeraquestionnow________mancanlandonthemoon.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what30.Thesuggestion________themeeting________wasturneddown.A.that;toputoffB.whether;wouldbeputoffC.which;shouldbeputoffD.that;beputoff31.I’lltakeyoutoanewlyopenedmarket________youmayfind________youneed.A.which;thatB.where;whatC.inwhich;whichD.where;that32.Theprofessorforgot________.A.inwhichofficethemeetingwouldbeheldB.whoseofficethemeetingwouldbeC.whichofficewouldthemeetingbeheldinD.whoseofficewasthemeeting33.Ourcityhaschangedalot,anditisquitedifferent________itusedto.A.ofwhatB.fromwhatC.fromwhichD.as34.Itseems________youarenotwillingtotellall________youknow.A.what;whatB.that;thatC.that;whatD.what;that35.Iaminterestedin________hewillacceptourinvitation.A.whetherB.whatC.whichD.that36.Couldyoutellus________dowiththewastepaper?A.howwillyouB.howyouwillC.whatyouwillD.whatwillyou37.Idon’t