2023届高考英语大二轮复习-第二部分-完型填空-专题三-议论文素能特训

PAGE1-议论文建议用时：45分钟Ⅰ.完形填空[2023·南京盐城质检二]Whydoyoungadultchildrenbecomeindependentsomuchlaterthantheydidin1970,whentheaverageageofindependentlivingwas21?Whyhavereducedclasssizesandincreasedper­pupilexpenditures(花销)not__1__higheracademicachievementlevels?Whyisthementalhealthoftoday'skidssopoorwhen__2__withthatofchildreninthe1960sandbefore?Whydotoday's__3__becomedefensivewhentoldbyteachersthattheirchildrenhavemisbehavedinschool?Theanswerintwowords:parental__4__.Thosetwowordsbestsummarizethe__5__between“old〞childraisingandnew,post­1960sparenting.Then,theoverallphilosophywasthatparentswerenottobe__6__involvedwiththeirkids.Theywereavailable__7__crisis,buttheystooda(an)__8__distancefromtheirkidsandallowedthemtoexperiencethebenefitsofthetrial­and­errorprocess.Itwasthechild's__9__，backthen,tokeephisorherparentsfromgettinginvolved.Thatwas__10__childrenlearnedtoberesponsibleanddetermined.Today'sparentshelptheirkidswithalmosteverything.Theseareparentswhoare__11__whenitcomestoanunderstandingoftheirpurposeintheirkids'lives.Theirinvolvementleadsthemtopersonalizeeverythingthathappenstotheirkids;__12__，thedefensiveness.Butgiventhatschoolsandmentalhealthprofessionalshavebeenpushingparentinvolvementfornearlyfourdecades,theconfusionanddefensivenessare__13__.Universityresearchersanalyzedthreedecadesofdatarelatingtoparents'participationinchildren'sacademics.Theirconclusions__14__whatI'vebeensayingsincethe1980s:parentalhelpwithhomework__15__achild'sacademicachievementandisnotreflectedonstandardizedtests.Parentswhomanageachild'ssociallifeinterferewiththe__16__ofgoodsocialskills.Parentswhomanageachild'safter­schoolactivitiesgrowkidswhodon'tknowhowto__17__theirownfreetime.Parentswhogetinvolvedintheirkids,__18__withpeersgrowkidswhodon'tknowhowtoavoidmuchlesstrouble.Thesekidshaveanxietiesandfearsofallsortsanddon'twanttoleavetheir__19__.Andtheirparents,whenthetimecomes,don'tknowhowto__20__beingparents.Youcanimaginewhatwillbecomeoftheirfuture.本文是一篇关于家庭教育的文章。作者主要论证了抚养孩子不应该再是自己父母的事，隔代培养不利于孩子的成长。1．A.countedon B．resultedinC．touchedon D．takenin答案：B本空考查动词短语根本含义的辨析。counton“依赖〞；resultin“导致，造成〞；touchon“谈及，涉及〞；takein“吸收〞。根据句意判断，“为什么缩减的班级规模和增加的每个学生个人消费没有到达更高的学业成功水平〞。应选B。2.A.associated B．linkedC．compared D．matched答案：C本空考查动词根本含义的辨析。associate“联系〞；link“联系〞；compare“比拟〞；match“相配〞。和20世纪60年代或以前相比，孩子的心灵那么脆弱。becomparedwith“和……相比〞。应选C。3.A.parents B．adolescentsC．psychologists D．youths答案：A本空考查名词根本含义的辨析。parents“父母亲〞；adolescents“成年人〞；psychologists“心理学家〞；youths“年轻人〞。根据空后的defensive有保护意识的，应是父母亲。应选A。4.A.assistance B．protectionC．involvement D．preference答案：C本空考查名词根本含义的辨析。assistance“帮助〞；protection“保护〞；involvement“卷入〞；preference“偏爱〞。与下文的involved对应。应选C。5.A.differences B．similaritiesC．choices D．relations答案：A本空考查名词根本含义的辨析。differences“不同〞；similarities“相似性〞；choices“选择〞；relations“关系〞。“这两个单词最好地总结了古老的孩子抚养和新的、60后的父母抚养之间的不同。〞应选A。6.A.slightly B．passivelyC．highly D．fairly答案：C本空考查副词根本含义的辨析。slightly“轻轻地〞；passively“被动地〞；highly“高度地〞；fairly“相当，很〞。Behighlyinvolvedwith“高度参与〞。应选C。7.A.incaseof B．inspiteofC．inviewof D．infearof答案：A本空考查介词短语根本含义的辨析。incaseof“防止，万一〞；inspiteof“尽管〞；inviewof“鉴于〞；infearof“害怕〞。根据句意：他们随叫随到，以免出现危急时刻。应选A。8.A.equal B．safeC．long D．short答案：B本空考查形容词根本含义的辨析。equal“平等的〞；safe“平安的〞；long“长的〞；short“短的〞。asafedistance“平安的距离〞。应选B。9.A.fault B．turnC．job D．attitude答案：C本空考查名词根本含义的辨析。fault“瑕疵，错误〞；turn“次序〞；job“工作〞；attitude“态度〞。“让父母们别卷进来，是孩子的工作(职责)〞。应选C。10.A.when B．howC．why D．what答案：B本空考查表语从句的用法。空后的表语从句中缺少方式状语，应选B。11.A.confused B．disappointedC．amazed D．satisfied答案：A本空考查形容词根本含义的辨析。confused“混淆不清的〞；disappointed“感到失望的〞；amazed“感到惊奇的〞；satisfied“感到满足的〞。“这些就是那些当谈及他们在孩子生活中的目的时迷惑不解的父母们。〞应选A。12.A.however B．stillC．yet D．thus答案：D本空考查副词根本含义的辨析。however“尽管如此〞；still“还〞；yet“还〞；thus“这样，也就是说〞。空后的defensiveness就是解释前文的“personalizeeverythingthathappenstotheirkids〞。应选D。13.A.unreasonable B．changeableC．understandable D．avoidable答案：C本空考查形容词根本含义的辨析。unreasonable“不合情理的〞；changeable“可改变的〞；understandable“可理解的〞；avoidable“可防止的〞。与该句的状语局部given...相对应，应是“可理解的。〞应选C。14.A.confirmed B．convincedC．realized D．reflected答案：A本空考查动词根本含义的辨析。confirm“确认〞；convince“使……相信〞；realize“实现，意识到〞；reflect“反映〞。此处作者用这个大学的研究分析来支持自己的观点，应选A。15.A.decides B．lowersC．helps D．stimulates答案：B本空考查动词根本含义的辨析。decide“决定〞；lower“降低〞；help“帮助〞；stimulate“积累〞。根据前文作者反对父母对孩子照顾过多，父母般的对孩子照顾降低了孩子学业上的成就。应选B。16.A.appearance B．performanceC．establishment D．development答案：D本空考查名词根本含义的辨析。appearance“出现，表情〞；performance“表演〞；establishment“建立〞；development“开展〞。thedevelopmentofgoodsocialskills“良好社交技能的开展〞。应选D。17.A.value B．devoteC．fill D．save答案：C本空考查动词根本含义的辨析。value“估价，重视〞；devote“投入〞；fill“充满〞；save“挽救〞。根据句意：“管理孩子课外生活的父母养大不知道如何充实自己自由时间的孩子〞，应选C。18.A.communication B．conflictsC．cooperation D．competitions答案：B本空考查名词根本含义的辨析。communication“交流〞；conflicts“冲突〞；cooperation“合作〞；competitions“比赛，竞争〞。此处指孩子和父母之间在抚养孩子方面观点的冲突，应选B。19.A.home B．schoolC．career D．profession答案：A本空考查名词根本含义的辨析。home“家〞；school“学业，学校〞；career“职业〞；profession“专职〞。“有焦虑和各种各样的恐惧的孩子不想离开家，因为他们害怕遇到挫折。〞应选A。20.A.start B．ignoreC．consider D．stop答案：D本空考查动词根本含义的辨析。start“开始〞；ignore“无视〞；consider“考虑〞；stop“停止〞。“父母们也不知道如何停止做父母，做回自己。〞应选D。Ⅱ.阅读理解A[2023·泉州五校摸底]Youmayhavebeentoldbeforenottobeafraidofanything.Fearisoftenassociatedwitheq\a\vs4\al(P1)weakness.Fearissomethingtobeavoided.Butthat'snottrue,accordingtoTimeForKidsmagazine.Fearcanbegoodforus.Feartellsusaboutdanger.Withoutfear,wewouldn'tknowtorunawayfromatigerorstepbackfromacliff(悬崖)．InastudypublishedintheJusticeQuarterlyjournalinAugust,researchersfromMichiganStateUniversitysaidthatahealthyfearofcrimekeepsteenagersawayfrompotentiallydangerouspeople,places,andactivities.Fearmakesusjump,screameq\a\vs4\al(W1)andsweat.Butinterestingly,sometimeswemakeourselvesfeelfearonpurposeeq\a\vs4\al(P2).Thinkaboutscarybooksandmovies,andalsothelonglinesforascaryrollercoasterride(过山车)．MargeeKerr,aUSsociologist,explainedwhytoTimeForKids.Fearfillsourbrainwithhealthychemicalseq\a\vs4\al(W2)，especiallyendorphinsanddopamine,andthesethingscreatefeelingsofhappinessandexciteus,accordingtoKerr.Inaddition,whenyou'rescaredeq\a\vs4\al(W3)，yourbodyproducesachemicalwhichhelpspeoplebond_witheachother.“Watchpeoplewalkingoutofahauntedhouse(鬼屋),andyou'llseelotsofsmilesandhighfives(击掌)，〞KerrtoldTimeForKids.Thatalsoexplainswhyschoolsandcompaniesorganizechallengingtripsandphysicaleq\a\vs4\al(W4)activitiestobuildupeq\a\vs4\al(P3)teamspirit.Peopleexperienceanddealwithfearindifferentways.Ifyouhappentobea“coward〞whogetsscaredeasily,don'tworry.Thereissomeevidencethatbeingscaredcanhelpapersonmanagestressfulsituations.eq\a\vs4\al(S)Kerrsaidthatthingslikegivingareportinfrontofyourclassorperforminginaschoolplayhelpbuildasortofendurance(忍耐力)tofearthatmakesusmoreconfident.“Youbecomemorecomfortablewiththephysicalexperienceoffear,andsoyou'rebetterabletoworkthroughitduringtensesituations，〞saidKerr.Solearntoloveyourfear.Itonlygrowswhenweforgethowhelpfuleq\a\vs4\al(W5)ourfearistryingtobe.本文主要讲述了人们为何会产生恐惧。它告诉我们，恐惧有时会帮助我们成功解决环境的压力，所以我们要学会爱上自己的恐惧，把不利转化为有利。1．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．WaystoBuildupTeamSpiritB．Fear,aSignofWeaknessC．LoveYourFearD．DifferentWaystoDealWithFear答案：C考查主旨大意。通读全文，特别是最后一段，可以看出作者的观点是人应该先爱上自己的恐慌，然后坦然面对。应选C。2．WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Fearisharmfultoourhealth.B．Fearissomethingtobeavoided.C．Experiencingfearhelpsustobuildasortofendurancetofear.D．Peoplewhogetscaredeasilyhavenochancestogetchanged.答案：C考查推理判断。根据文中第一段“Fearissomethingtobeavoided.Butthat'snottrue...〞“Fearcanbegoodforus.〞和倒数第二段“...helpbuildasortofendurance(忍耐力)tofear...〞可知答案，应选C。3．Theunderlinedphrase“bondwith〞isclosestinmeaningto________.A．getcloserto B．fightagainstC．lookdownupon D．bemorecarefulwith答案：A考查细节理解。A项，getcloserto“接近〞；B项，fightagainst“对抗〞；C项，lookdownupon“瞧不起〞；D项，bemorecarefulwith“对……更小心/仔细〞。根据文中“Thatalsoexplainswhyschoolsandcompaniesorganizechallengingtripsandphysicalactivitiestobuildupteamspirit.〞可知是让人走的更近，故判断选A。4．WhichofthefollowingisNotmentionedtoexperiencefear?A．Readscarybooksorseescarymovies.B．Takeascaryrollercoasterride.C．Attendchallengingtripsorphysicalactivities.D．Takesomemedicinecontainingendorphinsanddopamine.答案：D考查细节理解。根据文中第二段最后一句“...scarybooksandmovies,andalsothelonglinesforascaryrollercoasterride(过山车)．〞和第四段“...schoolsandcompaniesorganizechallengingtripsandphysicalactivities...〞，应选D。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点词汇)1．screamn．/vi.尖叫；尖叫声2．chemicaln．/adj.化学的；化学物质3．scaredadj.害怕的；恐惧的4．physicaladj.物理的；身体的5．helpfuladj.有帮助的；有益的eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)1．beassociatedwith与……有关系2．onpurpose成心地3.buildup增进；加强eq\a\vs4\al(S句式仿写)原文：Thereissomeevidencethatbeingscaredcanhelpapersonmanagestressfulsituations.(同位语从句)译文：有证据说明，害怕能帮助一个人处理紧张的形势。仿写：Thereisnodoubt_that_to_study_abroad_gives_you_an_excellent_opportunity_to_learn_English.毫无疑问，出国学习给你提供了一个学好英语的极佳时机。B[2023·河北邯郸质检一]AHongKongDisneylandparkadmissioneq\a\vs4\al(W1)ticketisyourpassporttoafulldayofmagicaladventures.Learnthewaystobuyeq\a\vs4\al(P1)yourticketsnow.Threetypesof1­Dayticketareavailableeq\a\vs4\al(W2)：TicketTypePriceGeneralAdmissionTicket(aged12～64)HK$499ChildTicket(aged3～11)HK$355SeniorTicket(aged65orabove)HK$100Freeadmissionforchildrenagedunder3.BookOnlineNowPurchaseticketsconvenientlythroughourwebsite,thenpickupeq\a\vs4\al(P2)yourticketsstartingfrom1hourafteryouhavepurchasedonline.eq\a\vs4\al(S)PurchaseTicketsDirectlyatHongKongDisneylandTicketExpressYoucanpurchaseticketsattheHongKongDisneylandTicketExpress,convenientlylocatedattheMTRHongKongStation.Openfrom9：00a．m.～8：00p．m.onMondaytoFridayandfrom9：00a．m.～5：00p．m.onSaturdays,SundaysandPublicHolidays.Purchase2ParkTicketsatoneofthefollowinglocationsandreceiveaFREElimited­editionDisneygift：●AvenueofStarsKiosksYoucanpurchaseticketsatAvenueofStarsKiosksinTsimShaTsui.Opendailyfrom9：00a．m.～10：30p．m..●AsiaWorld­ExpoBoxOfficeYoucanpurchaseticketsatAsiaWorld­ExpoBoxOffice.OpenMondaystoFridaysfrom10：00a．m.～6：00p．m..ReserveTicketsforHotelGuestAsahotelGuestofHongKongDisneylandHotelorDisney'sHollywoodHotel,Parkticketsarereservedforyourpurchaseatfrontdesk.Opendailyfrom9：00a．m.～8：00p．m..BuyatHongKongDisneylandMainEntranceGuestscanpurchaseticketsonthedayoftheirvisitattheMainEntranceTicketBoothsorGuestRelationsWindows.Opendailyfrom30minutesbeforeParkopeninguntilParkcloses.本文主要讲的是香港迪斯尼乐园的营业时间和票价，是广告类题材。5．Inwhichplacecanyougetafreegiftforbuyingtwotickets?A．HongKongDisneylandTicketExpress.B．HongKongDisneylandMainEntrance.C．AsiaWorld­ExpoBoxOffice.D．Disney'sHollywoodHotel.答案：C考查细节理解。根据文章中句子“Purchase2ParkTicketsatoneofthefollowinglocationsandreceiveaFREElimited­editionDisneygift.〞可知答案选C。6．Forayoungcouplewitha2­year­oldkidspendingadayinthepark,theyhavetopayatleast________.A．HK$499 B．HK$854C．HK$998 D．HK$1,353答案：C考查细节理解。根据文章可知12～64岁，每人499美元，三岁以下免费，一对年轻夫妇和两岁的孩子一天共花费：499＋499＝998，故答案选C。7．TobuyticketsatHongKongDisneylandTicketExpressonSundays,youhavetogettherebefore________.A．5：00p．m. B．6：00p．m.C．8：00p．m. D．10：30p．m.答案：A考查细节理解。根据文章中句子Openfrom9：00a．m.～8：00p．m.onMondaytoFridayandfrom9：00a．m.～5：00p．m.onSaturdays,SundaysandPublicHolidays.可知在周日售票时间最晚是下午5点，故答案选A，在五点之前必须到达。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点词汇)1．admissionn．准许进入；成认2．availableadj.可获得的；可购得的eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)1．thewaytodo做……的方法2．pickup拿起；拾起eq\a\vs4\al(S句式仿写)原文：Purchaseticketsconvenientlythroughourwebsite,thenpickupyourticketsstartingfrom1hourafteryouhavepurchasedonline.(祈使句)译文：可以通过我们的网站很方便地购票，然后距你在网上购票一小时就可以拿到票了。仿写：Come_in_and_shut_the_door.进来吧，把门关上。Ⅲ.语法填空[2023·黑龙江哈六中二模]Britishfamiliesstartedgoingonholidaytotheseasidearoundthemiddleofthe19thcentury.The__1__(invent)oftherailwaysmadethispossible.Thefirstholidaymakers__2__(be)quiterichandwentfortheirhealthandeducation.Theseasidewasaplacetocurepeopleofillness.Anddoctorsrecommendedbathingintheseaanddrinkingseawater.Atthattimeordinaryworkingpeoplehadverylittletimeoffwork.__3__，in1871,thegovernmentintroducedfor“BankHolidays〞，thatisnationalholidays.Thisallowedpeople__4__(have)adayortwooutnowandthen,__5__gavethematasteforleisureandseaside.Atfirst,theywentonadaytrip,takingadvantage__6__specialtripticketsontherailways.Bythe1880s,__7__(rise)incomesmeantthatmanyordinaryworkersandtheirfamiliescouldhaveholidayattheseaside.Welfarewasreducedandcheaphotels__8__(build)forthem.Holidaymakersenjoy__9__(sit)onthebeach,bathingintheseaandeatingicecream.Cheapentertainmentwasanofferandholidaymakerswenttohavefun.Today__10__Englishseasideremainspopularwithmorethan18millionpeopletakenthereeachyear.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________本文讲述的是英国的假期的由来。1．invention考查词性转换。冠词与介词之间应为名词，故填invention。2．were考查动词时态。句中无谓语，且与and连接的went并列，故填were。3．However考查逻辑关系。结合句意，上下文之间为转折关系，故答案是However。4．tohave考查非谓语动词用法。由“allowsb.todosth.〞可知，此处填不定式。5．which考查定语从句。由句式结构分析可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语指物，故填which。6．of考查固定短语。takeadvantageof“利用〞。7．rising