新标准大学英语综合教程4课后答案

综合教程4课后答案

HandoutsandKeytobook4unit1-4

Unit1

Activereading(1)

Lookingforajobafteruniversity?First,getoffthe

sofa

Backgroundinformation

Aboutthepassage:ThisisanarticlebyanEducation

Correspondent,AlexandraBlair,publishedin

September2008inTheTimes,along-establishedBritish

qualitynewspaper.InEuropegenerally,andin

Britaininparticular,foranumberofyearstherehas

beenarisingnumberofstudentswhogotouniversity

andthereforemorenewgraduatesseekingemployment.

However,formanygraduatesfindingajobbecame

harderin2008-2009becausetheeconomicdownturn-

thenarecession-meantthatmanyemployers

werereducingtheirworkforce.Aftertheirfinalexams,

somestudentsrestedinthesummerbeforelookingfor

jobs

andthentheyfoundthatitwasdifficulttofind

employmentintheirfieldorattheleveltheywanted.

The

articleaddressestheproblemsofsuchnewgraduates

whomightbestuckathomeandadvisestheirparents

tobetherefortheirchildren(ietobeavailableif

theirchildrenwanttotalkabouttheproblemorifthey

needhelp).Thearticlerecommendsfindingworkina

barorsupermarketratherthansittingunemployed

athomesincethisismorelikelytoleadtobetter

employmentlater.Thestyleispartlyofareport,but

also

ofahumorouscommentforlightentertainment(seenin

thejokeylanguageandproblem-solvingadviceto

parents).

Whyfindingajobin2008issodifficultforuniversity

graduates?

UniversitiesinEurope,particularlyinBritain,have

expandedgreatlyinthelastfifteenyears(over45%

of

youngadultsnowgoontohighereducation),sothere

aremoregraduateslookingforjobs.Thiscompetitive

situationbecamealotworsein2008onwardswiththe

creditcrunchandeconomicdepression,whichmeant

thattherewerefewerjobsavailableandarisein

unemployment.Thusnewgraduateshavetobeactive

toseekajob,theyneedtofillinmanyapplication

formsandtrytogetjobinterviews:theywon'tfind

employmentbylyingonthesofaathome.

Culturepoints

Traditionally,intheBritish

universitysystem,BAandBSchonoursdegreesare

awarded

indifferentcategories:afirstclassdegree(written

usingRomannumbersasI),asecond(dividedintotwo

subcategories,writtenasIliiandIlii,whichare

called“atwoone"and"atwotwo"),athird

(writtenIII)and

apassdegree.Mostpeoplegetasecond.Therearealso

ordinarydegreeswithmoregeneralcoursesofstudy

withoutthesecategories.

GenerationYandGrunt:Themainideahereisthatthere

isasuccessionofdifferentgenerationsor

cohortsofadultswhocomeintotheworkforceinNorth

Americawhicharegivendifferentinformalnames

tocharacterizethem.First,“Babyboomers“wereborn

inthegreatincrease(theboom)ofbirthsafterWorld

WarII(1946-I960),followedby“GenerationX"

people(born1960-1980)whoweresaidtobringnew

attitudesofbeingindependent,informal,

entrepreneurial,andexpectedtogetskillsandhave

acareerbefore

them."GenerationY“orthe^MillenialGenerationv

(born1980sand1990sandbecomingadultinthenew

millenium)arenowmakingupanincreasingpercentage

oftheworkforce;theyaresaidtobespoiltbydoting

parents,tohavestructuredlives,tobeusedto

teamworkanddiversepeopleinamulticulturalsociety.

In

thepassage,thisgenerationisnowbecoming(morphing

into)GenerationGrunt,whichisanironicname

referringtorepetitive,lowstatus,routineor

mindlesswork-thismaybetheonlyworkavailable

tosome

graduates,whomayhavetotakeveryordinaryjobsto

getexperiencebeforetheyfindsomethingmore

suitable."Grunt“alsoreferstocoarsebehaviouror

badmannersandtothedeepsoundthatismadebyapig;

whenpeople“grunt“theyexpressdisgustbutdonot

communicatewithwords-thismaybehowtheparents

ofnewgraduatesthinktheirchildrencommunicatewith

them!

AreferstoaBritishtypeofsecondary

schoolwhichbecamepopularinthel960s.Beforethat

therewereacademicugrammarschools“andmore

generalusecondarymodern“schoolsforthosewhodid

notpassthegrammarschoolentrancetests,butthe

comprehensiveschoolsweredesignedforallstudents

in

asocialphilosophyofbringingdiversestudents

togetherwhethertheywereacademicornot.Those

students

whowenttoacomprehensiveschoolprobablyfeltthat

hadtostudyparticularlyhard(Iworkedmybackside

off)togettouniversity,comparedtothosewhowent

togrammarschoolswhereallstudentswereacademic

-comprehensivestudentsfelttheyhadtostruggleto

gettouniversity.

Thisreferstoalargeyellowcostumethat

someonewearswhichmakesthepersonlooklikea

giantchicken.Beforehebecameafamousactor,Brad

Pittoncedressedinsuchacostumewhenhehadajob

advertisingforarestaurantcalledElPolioLoco(The

CrazyChicken'inSpanish)-thejobmeantthathe

had

towalkaroundthestreets1ikeachickentoattract

customerstocometotherestaurant.

Languagepoints

1Thosememoriesofforkingoutthousandsofpoundsayear

sothathecouldeatwellandgotothe

oddparty,begantofade.Untilnow.(Para1)

Theparentspaidalotofmoneyfortheirson's

universityfeesandlivingexpenses(sothathecould

eat

well)andforoccasionalsocialevents-atgraduation

thesememoriesofmoneyweremostlyforgotten

becausetheparentswereproud.Butnowtheparentsare

thinkingofmoneyagainbecausethesondoesn't

haveajobanddoesn'tseemtobeactivelyseekingone.

2ThisformerscionofGenerationYhasmorphedovernight

intoamemberofGenerationGrunt.

(Para2)

ThedistinguishedsonofGenerationX(oftheparents?

generationwhoworkedhard,gotjobs,andhad

goodcareersandexpectedtheirsontodothesame)has

changedintoamemberofGenerationGrunt-he

doesn'tseemtocommunicatemuch,liesaroundand

doesn'tgetajob(orcanonlydoalowstatusrouting

job).

3Ipassedtheexams,butattheinterviewstheyaccusedme

ofbeing'toodetached'andtalkingin

languagethatwas'tootechnocratic',whichIdidn'tthink

possible,butobviouslyitis.(Para5)

Hepassedtheentranceexamsforagovernmentpost,but

hewascriticizedintheselectioninterviews:

Theysaidhewasdetached(notpersonallyinvolved)and

tootechnocratic(heusedthelanguageofa

technicalexpertorhighauthority).Asanewgraduate

heprobablywantedtoshowhisexpertiseinhis

languagesohecan'tunderstandthiscriticism.

4Fortherestitis9-to-5"chilling”beforeheadingtothepub.

(Para6)

Theotherswhodonothavearoutinelowstatusjob(like

stackinggoodsonasupermarketshelf)chillout

allday(theyspendtheirtimecasuallyrelaxing-they

don'tlookforwork)andgotopubforadrinkinthe

evening.

5IwenttoacomprehensiveandIworkedmybacksideoffto

gotoagooduniversity...(Para6)

Hewenttoaschoolforstudentsofallabilities(not

toaspecialschoolforacademicstudents)andsohe

hadtoworkveryhardtoenteragooduniversity:Your

meansyourbottom-thepartofyour

bodythatyousiton-tois

informalanditmeansyouworkveryhardindeed.

6...buthavingworkedfull-timesinceleavingschoolherself,

sheandherhusbandfindittrickyto

advisehimonhowtoproceed.(Para7)

Themotherhasalwayshadafull-timejob(presumably

thefatherisalsoworkingfull-time),soshedoes

nothaverelevantpersonalexperience.Forher,itis

trickytogiveadvice(difficulttodo).

¥"'Carryonlifeasnormalanddon'tallowthemtoabuse

yourbankaccountorsapyourreserveof

emotionalenergy.(Para11)

TheadvicefromGaelLindenfieldhereisthatparents

shouldliveasusual.Theyshouldneitherlet

theirchildrenspendtheparents'moneyunnecessarily,

norlettheproblemtakeawayalltheirenergyand

emotions.Saptheirmeansuseuptheirstoreof

emotionalenergy.

繇［Afterthatthesonordaughterneedstobenudgedfirmly

backintothesaddle.(Para12)

Thentheparentsshouldgentlypushtheirchildren

firmlysothattheygetbackintocontroloftheir

lives.

Readingandunderstanding

2Choosethebestanswertothequestions.

Teachingtips

GooverthecorrectanswerswithSsandaskthemto

explainwhytheotheranswersarewrong(See

below).

1Whyhasn,tJackGoodwingotajobyet?

(a)Hedoesn'thaveaverygooddegree.

(No,hehasa2:1whichisconsideredagooddegree.)

(b)Herefusestoapplyforjobswithlowsalaries.

(Hefeelsheshouldgetabetterjobafterstudyingat

university.)

(c)Itisn'teasytogetajobinthecurrentfinancial

climate.

(Thismaybetruebutthepassagedoesnotmention

this.)

(d)Hepreferstostayathomeandhelphisfamily.

(No,hedoesn'tseemtobehelpinghisfamily:he

watchesTVandtalkstofriends.)

2Howdoeshespendatypicalday?

(a)Doingatemporaryjob.

(No,someofhisfriendsareworkingintemporaryjobs

buthedoesn'twanttodothis.)

(b)Watchingtelevision.

(HewatchesTValot.)

(c)Queuingupintheuniversitycareersservice.

(No,hewentthereoncebuthedidn'twanttoqueue

sohewalkedaway.)

(d)Preparingforthenextjobinterview.

(No,hedoesn'tseemtobepreparingforinterviews.)

3Howdomostofhisfriendsspendtheday?

(a)Theydonothingalldayandgotothepubintheevening.

(Allexceptoneofthemdonothingexceptchill,then

theygotothepub.)

(b)Theydooutdooractivitiessuchassailing.

(No,noneofthemseemtodooutdooractivities;there

isnomentionofsailing.)

(c)Theyareforcedtoworkbytheirparents.

(No,onlyoneofthemhasbeenforcedouttostack

shelvesbyhisparents;theothersseemtobelike

Jack.)

(d)Theydopart-timejobssuchasworkinginabar.

(No,thetextmentionsbarworkbutnoneofJack1s

friendsseemtodothiswork.)

4HowareJack'sparentshelpinghim?

(a)Bylookingforjobsforhim.

(No,Jackhastriedtogetajobhimself;there's

nothinghereabouthisparentshelpinghimlookfora

job.)

(b)BypayingforatriptoSouthAmerica.

(No,althoughheisgoingonathree-weektriptoSouth

America,thepassagedoesnotsaythat

Jack'sparentshavepaidforthis.)

(c)Bygraduallymakinghimmorefinanciallyaware.

(Thepassagedoesnotsaysoexplicitly,butthisis

theimplicationaboutthecut-offpointafterthe

tripwhenhemaybeexpectedtopayrentandcontribute

tothehouseholdbills.)

(d)Bythreateningtothrowhimoutofthehouse.

(No,theyhaven?tthreatenedtodothis,butthey

definitelywanthimtoworkafterhegetsbackfrom

histrip.)

5WhatdoesGaelLindenfieldsayaboutJack'sparents?

(a)TheyhavenotreallyunderstoodJack'sproblems.

(No,shedoesn'tsaythis;shesaystheymustbalance

beingpositivewithnotmakinglifetoo

comfortable.Thisdoesn'tmeantheyhaven,t

understoodJack'sproblems.)

(b)TheyhavemadelifetoocomfortableforJack.

(No,shesaystheymustbalancecomfortwithbeing

positive.Thisdoesn'tnecessarilymeanthatthey

havealreadymadelifetoocomfortableforJack.)

(c)Theapproachtheyhavechosenistherightone.

(Shesaystheyhavestruckexactlytherightnote.)

(d)Theyneedhelpfromapsychologist.

(No,shedoesn'tsaythis.)

6WhatdoWhoopiGoldberg,BruceWillisandBradPitt

haveincommon?

(a)Theyalldidbarworkbeforegoingtouniversity.

(No,wedon'tknowfromthepassageifanyofthemdid

this.)

(b)Theytookpartinprotestsagainstnuclearpower

plants.

(No,wedon'tknowisanyofthemdidthis)

(c)Theylearnttoactbydressingupasgiantchickens.

(No,onlyBradPittdidthis.)

(d)Theyalldidtemporaryjobsatonestageintheirlives.

(Thisisright,althoughtheyallhadcompletely

differenttemporaryjobs.)

Dealingwithunfamiliarwords

3Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.

1tomakeprogressbymovingtothenextstageina

seriesofactionsorevents(proceed)

2theprocessofchangingfromonesituation,formor

statetoanother(transition)

3notfeelinginvolvedwithsomeoneorsomethingina

closeoremotionalway(detached)

4referringtosomethingwhichwillhappensoon

(upcoming)

5tobesittingstillinapositionthatisnotupright

(slump)

6toreturntoapreviousstateorwayofbehaving

(revert)

7tosaywhathappened(recount)

4Completetheparagraphwiththecorrectformofthe

wordsinActivity3.

Itisn'teasytomakethe(1)transitionfromabusy

universitystudenttoanunemployedyoungadult

(2)slumpedonabarstoolorhalfwatchingamindless

televisionshow,wonderingifandhowtheircareer

isgoingto(3)proceed.Manypeoplewhohave

experiencedalongperiodofinactivitylikethis,when

(4)recountinghowtheyfeltatthetime,refertothe

samestrangepsychologicaleffect.Asthedayspass,

theybegintofeel(5)detachedfromanysenseof

pressuretogoandlookforajob,andtendtoregard

(6)upcominginterviewsasiftheywerenotvery

important.Typically,backathomeafterthreeorfour

yearsaway,they(7)reverttooldhabits,startseeing

oldfriends,and,inmanycases,becomedependent

againontheirparents.

5Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectform

ofthewordsinthebox.Youmayneedtomake

otherchanges.

1Iwenttoamixed-abilitysecondaryschooljust

outsideLondon,(comprehensive)

2Igotstoppedbyapolicemanwhoaskedtoseemy

drivinglicence,(cop)

3Haveyouseenthisbeautifulfromtheairviewof

Oxford?(aerial)

4Isabeltightlyherbagasshewalkeddownthecorridor

towardstheoffice,(clutched)

5YoushouldspeaktoToby;he'sansupporterof

flexibleworkinghours,(advocate)

6Ihurtmylegbadlyacoupleofmonthsago,andit

stillhasn,tgotbettercompletely,(healed)

6Answerthequestionsaboutthewords.

1Isadead-endjobonewith(a)excitingprospects,or

(b)nofuture?

2Isatrickyproblem(a)difficult,or(b)easytosolve?

3Ifanactivitysapsallyourenergy,doyoufeel(a)

tired,or(b)moreactivethanusual?

4Doesapushypersontryto(a)persuadeyoutodo

somethingyoudon'twantto,or(b)helpyouby

listeningtowhatyouhavetosay?

5Ifyoufeelapathy,doyouwantto(a)changetheworld,

or(b)stayathomeanddonothing?

7Answerthequestionsaboutthephrases.

1Isforkout(a)aformal,or(b)aninformalwayof

sayingtopayforsomething?

2Ifyouareinthesameboatasanotherperson,areyou

(a)makingthesamejourneytogether,or(b)in

thesamedifficultorunpleasantsituation?

3Ifyoufeelyouhavecomefullcircle,doyou(a)feel

youarebackwhereyoustarted,or(b)feelasense

ofsatisfactionbecauseyouhavecompletedsomething?

4Ifsomeonetakesasoftline,dotheydealwithaperson

(a)inakindandsympatheticway,or(b)ina

lazywaywithoutmakingadecision?

5Ifyoustriketherightnoteaboutsomething,areyou

expressingyourself(a)well,or(b)badly?

6Ifyoudosomethingbyallmeans,doyou(a)tryyour

besttodoit,or(b)notcareaboutit?

7Ifyounudgesomeonebackintothesaddle,areyou

encouragingthemto(a)takeresponsibilityagain,or

(b)takeiteasy?

8Ifyoutalkthroughaproblemwithsomeone,doyou(a)

examineitcarefullyandsensitively,or(b)refer

toitquicklyandthenchangethesubject?

Readingandinterpreting

8Answerthequestions.

1"Willheevergetajob?”Whoisaskingthisquestion?

Whatmooddoesitexpress?

Theparentsareaskingthisbecausetheparagraphis

addressedtoparents(earlieritsays“yourgraduate

son").Themoodseemstoexpresspatienceor

resignationbecausetheword"ever"suggeststhat

getting

ajobwilltakealongtime.

2WhodescribesGenerationYas“rebelswithouta

cause"?Isitafairdescription?

Thisisthewriter'sdescriptiontoindicatethatthis

generationisrebellingagainstparentsorsociety,

buttheyhavenothingparticulartorebelagainst.This

doesn'tseemveryfairbecausethestudentsare

tryingtofindwork-itisjustthattheydon'tlike

theirparentsnaggingthem.Sotheyareabitrebellious

againsttheirparents,butnomorethanthat.

3Jack“walkedintotheuniversitycareersserviceand

straightbackoutagain”.Whatdoesthissuggest

aboutJack'scharacter?

ItsuggeststhatJackisnotverydetermined.Assoon

ashesawthequeueheleftwithoutwaitingand

withouttryingtoaskaboutjobsorcareers.

4Jackspentthesummer“hiding”.Hidingfromwhat?

Whyarequotationmarksused?

Probablythismeanshewashidingfromtheworldofwork,

stayingathomeandnotlookingforajob.

Thequotationmarkstellusthathewasn'tliterally

hiding,hejustspentalotoftimeathome.

5HowisMrsGoodwin,spointofviewaffectedbyher

ownpersonalexperience?

Inonewayherexperiencehasn'taffectedherattitude:

Sheleftschoolandwentimmediatelytoajob

(withoutgoingtouniversity)andhasbeenworking

full-timesincethenandyetsheissympatheticand

takesasoftline.

6HowisLindenfield'spointofviewaffectedbyher

ownpersonalexperience?

Herpersonalexperiencewasthatsheworkedinabar

beforefindingherfirstproperjobasanaerial

photographicassistant.Soshesayssuchworkisagreat

networkingopportunity.Ifnewgraduatesare

goodatsuchworkandbright,cheerfulandpolite,they

willsoonbepromoted.Herpersonalexperience

thusreflects-orperhapshascreated-herpoint

ofview.

7Whatwouldthefirsttwoparagraphshavefocusedon

iftheyhadbeenpresentedfromthepointofview

ofthestudentsratherthantheparents?

Thefirsttwoparagraphswouldhavefocusedontheneed

forthenewgraduatestorestforabitafter

theirhardstudies.ItisOKforstudentstorelaxwith

theTVortosocializewithfriendsforawhile,then

theycanstartaserioussearchforemploymentafter

that.

Activereading(2)

Ifyouaskme

Backgroundinformation

Thisisaninformalandpersonalizedaccountofan

economicsgraduatewhogetsajobinapubforayear

and

thenhasanopportunitytobesuccessful(aluckybreak).

SheworksinaLondonpubcalled“TheSalisbury

or“TheMarquisSalisburyv,namedaftersomeonewho

wastheBritishPrimeMinisterthreetimesbetween

1885and1902andwhosefamilyonceownedthepub's

land.The100yearoldpubisinLeadenhallStreet,

justofftheCharingCrossRoadandLeicesterSquare.

Daytimecustomerscangetapublunchandevening

customersincludemanyofficeworkersandtheatregoers

(thepubisnearmanyWestEndtheatres).The

interiorofthispubisdazzling,withlargemirrors,

cutglassandamahoganydecor.

Britishpubsareoftennamedafterfamouspeople{Robin

Hood,TheDukeofWellington)orroyalty(The

Queen'sArms,thePrinceofWales)orhistoricalsymbols

(TheRoseandCrowntorepresentKingEdward

III,TheRoyalOaktorepresentKingCharlesIIwhoonce

hidinalargeoaktree).Othernamesofteninclude

coloursandanimals(TheRedBull,TheBlackHorse,The

GoldenLion,TheSwan)orsymbolsoftraditional

trades(TheCompassesforcarpenters,TheThree

Hammersforblacksmiths,TheThreeTunsfor

winemakers).

Asthepubisasocialplacetomeetaswellasaplace

togetadrink,peopleoftenplaygameslikedominoes

ordartsorjoinaquizorcompetition.Acommon

expressionisto“godownthepub“orugoroundto

the

local”(bothmeaningtogotothelocalpub).

Culturepoints

pubinLondon:Apubisaplacewherepeoplegofora

drinkandtomeetfriendsandsocialize.Peoplecan

playgames-suchasdarts,cards,dominoes-ina

pubandpubsoftenhavequiznights,withprizesfor

the

winners,andlivemusic(SeealsoBackground

information)

TheSalisburyisawell-knownpubincentralLondon(See

alsoBackgroundinformation)

LondonSchoolofEconomicsisadistinguished

universityincentralLondon,famousforsocial

sciences.

Languagepoints

1Ifyouaskme,reallifeisnotallit'scrackeduptobe.(Para

1)

Inmyopinion(introducesanopinion),real

lifeisnoteverythingthatpeoplesayitis.Ifa

thing,peoplenormallypraiseitbut

intheopinionofthespeakertheyarewrong.

2...spendingmoneywhenyoudon'thaveanyisdeadeasy.

(Para7)

heremeansvery.Forexample,wecansay

(exhausted),(acompletelossor

useless),adeadweight(veryheavy,difficulttolift).

3Whatweretheoddsonanyonebeingsonice?(Para11)

Whatarethechancesthatsomeonewouldbesonice?The

writerisemphasizingherethatsuchkindnessis

veryunusual.

4...lookingbackafteralltheseyears,youonlyneedoneor

twobreaksinyourlifetosucceed.

(Para13)

Aheremeansachancetobesuccessful.A

isanunexpectedopportunity.

Readingandunderstanding

2Choosethebestanswertothequestions.

1Whatdidthewriterwanttodoafterfinishingher

degree?

(a)TodoanMAattheLondonSchoolofEconomics.

(b)Toearnsomemoneytopayoffherloan.

(c)Tostartworkingassoonaspossible.

(d)Toreturnhomeandhelphermother.

2WhydidsheaskforajobinTheSalisbury?

(a)Shewashungryandthirsty.

(b)Shethoughtitwouldleadtobetterthings.

(c)Shewasafriendofthelandlord.

(d)Shehadtheideawhenshesawthelandlordworking.

3Whatdidshebuywithherfirstsalary?

(a)Abunchofflowers.

(b)ACDandaplantfortheflatshelivedin.

(c)Ahamsandwichandaglassofbeer.

(d)Shedidn'thaveanymoneyleftafterpayingthe

bills.

4WhydidTonygiveher£20,000?

(a)Hefoundoutitwasherbirthdayandwantedtohelp.

(b)Hetrustedherandthoughtitwouldhelpher.

(c)Hewantedhertoleavethepubandworkforhim.

(d)Hewassecretlyinlovewithher.

5Whatdidshedowiththemoney?

(a)SheusedittopayforhercourseattheLSE.

(b)Shelostalotofitinthe2008stockmarketcrash.

(c)SheinvesteditandpaidbackTonyandother

investors.

(d)Sheusedittostartherownbusiness.

6WhywasTonypleasedwhensherepaidtheloan?

(a)Hehadhadanaccidentandneededthemoneyfora

wheelchair.

(b)Itmeantthathewouldbeabletoseeheragain,

(c)Itprovedthathehadbeenrighttoinvestinher.

(d)Shepaidbacktheloanwithalotofinterest.

3Workinpairsandanswerthequestions.

Whatdoweknowaboutthewriter,s:

1familybackground?

Hermotherhadworkedhardfor15yearstosupporther

educationbutcouldn?taffordanyfurther

support.Herfatherwasn,taroundmostofthetime.

Hedidn'thaveanymoneybecausehespentiton

gamblingondogracingordrinkinginpubs.

2careerasastudent?

Shehadagooddegreeineconomicsandwantedtostudy

foramasterscourseattheLondonSchoolof

Economics.

3ambition?

Shewantedtogetajobinfinanceorinvestmentsin

Londonbecausethenshewouldbeabletouseher

degree.

4appreciationofotherpeople?

Shea