高中组讲义第四学生版

LessonFourImpromptuSpeech(III&IV)★Warmingupbypracticingpronunciationand ★Refinetheirself-introductionsandtalentshowsbybothpresentingaswellasbeingthe ★Reviewtheevaluationstandardsandeffectivestrategiesoftheimpromptuspeechaswellasthesecondtypeofthe ★Understandthethirdandtypesofquestionsandtheafter-speechPronunciationPronunciation&Intonation10SixshimmeringsharkssharplystrikingWhatashamesuchashapelysashshouldsuchshabbystitchesDon'tpamperdampscamptrampsthatcampunderrampSarahsawashot-silksashshopfullofshot-silksashesasthesunshineshoneonthesideoftheshot-silksashshop.Susanshinesshoesandsocks;sheceasedshiningshoesandsocksforshoesandsocksshockSusan.Moneythebestfriendofthemasses,thesupportoftheclasses,theaimofthelasses,theruinoftheasses.Ifassistasister-assistant,willthesister'ssister-assistantassistTwotinytigerstaketwotaxisto ThecuckoocomesinApril,andstaysthemonthofMay;singsasongATmidsummer,andthengoesaway.ArethereauksintheArcticorarenotthereauksintheArcticAndifthereareauksintheArctic,Aretheyauctioningarks?Sincethiswristwatchgotallwashed,oh,howitjumpsandIwishIhadnotwashedthisYourYourself-intro&Talent20RealpracticetoimproveAskfivestudentstopresenttheirself-introductionsandtalentshowsinAsktheotherstudentstobethejudgesandfillout12345AftertheInterviewseveral“judges”fortheirchoicesandGiveabriefcommentontheAAReviewoftheImpromptuWhattodointhisGivenaquestionandthreeminutestoprepare,thecandidatesshoulddeliveraone-minuteImpromptuSpeechtoanswerthequestion1分钟即兴（选手有3分钟准备时间，回答问题InterviewbyWatchaclipforfurtherGettoKnowabouttheimpromptuAnimpromptuspeechisneitherachatnorjustrecitingItisnecessaryforyoutomakeyourspeechbriefandtothepoint,withpersuasiveandcreativepointsofview.Let’senjoythreenotablespeechesandfindoutwhataconvincingspeechLogicalthinkingabilityisanabilityto yzeandsolveaproblembyclearEloquenceisthespeechcrafttoconvinceothers,withone’sbroadknowledge,accuratelanguageandpromptresponse.GettoKnowtheevaluatingTypesofquestionsfortheBasedonthequestionbank(2011-2015),wewilldividethemintofourmaintypes,includingDEFINITION,OPINION,ASSUMPTIONandDESCRIPTION.ReviewthesecondtypeofImpromptuSpeech:Opinions&Deliveryourone-minutespeechbasedonthefollowingquestions.Youhaveminutesforpreparation(foreachDoyouthink risimportantinEnglishWhatisyourcommentonsomeschoolgirlsparticipatinginsomebeautyMosthighschoolsceundueemphasisontheproportionofstudentsenteringuniversities.What’syourcommentonthis?Weneedthreecandidatesandtheotherswillbethe&&123Doyoulikehisorherspeech?Evaluationcriteriafortheimpromptucomplete,clear, correct,fluent,propergrticallyelegant,expressive,inInthissection,thejudgesareexpectingInthissection,thejudgesareexpectingLinguisticStrategiesStrategiesfortheImpromptuFourmaintypesoftheWearenotonlysupposedtoanswerthequestion,butpresentthereasonswhyweansweritlikethat.Thistypeofquestionsrequirescandidatestopresenttheirimaginationbasedonthegivenconditions.Ifyoucouldchangeonethingintheworld,whatwoulditbeandAsastudent,youmusthavesomepainsorcomints.NowpleaselthemtoLiKeqiang,thenewlyelected.Incasethereshouldbeawarwithanothercountry,willyoufightforyourStructureyourspeechbydividingitintothefollowingthreeQuestion:Ifyoucouldchangeonethingintheworld,whatwoulditbeandCompleteeachpartoftheHowtobegin(It’swisetoshowyourassumptionfirstinthis①Ifsuchachanceweregiven,Iwouldlike.②IfIhadthepowertochangeonething,IhopeI.③Giventhepowertochangeonethingintheworld,many.Howtoreason(Whenyouhavetroublefindingreasons,makeuseofthe“TenPrinciplesofBrainstormingTechniques”)TheprincipleshelpuswithmoresupportingideasbasedononeorseveralHereisanexampleshowinghowtoemploytheprincipleswhenbrainstormingontheword“CHANGE”WhataspectwouldyouthinkofwhenconsideringthetermThreemorequestionstopractisehowtoemploytheprincipleswhenShouldyou etheof,whatdoyouthinkisthemosturgentmatteryouwilltackle?Why? IfyouarenowjudgedbytheinternationaljudgesfromHarvard,howwouldyoupersuadethemtoacceptyouasapotentialcandidate? Asastudent,youmusthavesomepainsorcomints.Nowplease lthemtoLiKeqiang,thenewlyelected? Howto①Paraphraseyour②③Callfor④Posearhetorical⑤MaketheIfIfyoucouldchangeonethingintheworld,whatwoulditbeandAAPossibleMoreIfthereisonethingintheworldthatyoulovemost,whatisitandIfthereisonethingintheworldthatyouhatemost,whatisitandIfthereisinternationaljudgesatthecontest,whowouldliketopitchyourShouldyou etheof,whatdoyouthinkisthemosturgentmatteryouwilltackle?Why?IfyouarenowjudgedbytheinternationaljudgesfromHarvard,howwouldyoupersuadethemtoacceptyouasapotentialcandidate?Ifyouaretheson/daughterofabillionaire,wouldyoujustbankonthewealthofyourfatherorwillyoustruggleforyouownlife,wealthandhappiness?Why?Ifyouweretheofyourschool,whatchangeswouldyouliketoImaginethatanoverseasstudentfeelshomesickwhilehe/sheisin.Howwouldyouhelphim/her?Q&AsectionaftertheanswerinoneanswerinoneInthissection,thejudgesareexpectingLogicalLinguisticMostofthetime,theyasksomethingrelevanttoyourWhatisyourdefinitionofahero?WhatdoyouthinkwecandotochangeIsthereanyotherthingyouwouldliketochange?Doyouthinkotherpeoplewillthinklikeyou?WhatiftheassumptioncannotcomeNowtrytoworkouttheseatypicalquestionsaccordingwhatwe’velearnedinthisQuestionHowmuchdoyouthinkschoollifehaschanged PossibleQuestionWhatisyournforthissummerPossibleQuestionWouldyousaysomethingtopraisemother’sPossibleFourFourmaintypesoftheWearenotonlysupposedtoanswerthequestion,butpresentthereasonswhyweansweritlikethat.Thistypeofquestionsrequirescandidatestodescribeatermbygivingconcreteexamples. lmeyourmostunforgettableWhoisyourhero?Whatisyournforthenext10StructureyourspeechbydividingitintothefollowingthreeQuestion: lmeyourmostunforgettableCompleteeachpartoftheHowtobegin(It’swisetoshowyourassumptionfirstinthis①Oneofthemostunforgettableteacherofme.②Mymostunforgettableteachermay.③Apictureinmyroomalwaysremindsme.Howtoreason(Whenyouhavetroublefindingreasons,makeuseofthe“TenPrinciplesofBrainstormingTechniques”)TheprincipleshelpuswithmoresupportingideasbasedononeorseveralHereisanexampleshowinghowtoemploytheprincipleswhenbrainstormingontheword“TEACHER”WhataspectwouldyouthinkofwhenconsideringthetermTwomorequestionstopractisehowtoemploytheprincipleswhenWhatexpectationdoyouhaveforyouruniversity Heavyworkloadisseenasasourceofstressforstudentsinhighschool.Howdoyoureduceyourstress? Howto①Paraphraseyour②③Callfor④Posearhetorical⑤MaketheIfIfyoucouldchangeonethingintheworld,whatwoulditbeandAPossibleMoreWhatexpectationdoyouhaveforyouruniversityDoyouthink’scurrentsystemofcollegeentranceexamisfairandjusttoall?Whatisyoursuggestionforachange?Whatisyoucurrenttopconcern?Whatmajorwillyouchoosetolearninauniversity?WhatresponsibilitydoyouthinkyouhavetoyourWhatmakesyousouniqueamongyourTherearesomanyleft-behindchildreninruralareain.HowcanwehelpWhatisthemostimportantinventioninscienceandtechnologyoverthepast100years?Why?lusaproverbormottothatinfluencesyouWillyouintroduceoneofcustomstotheinternationaljudgesinfrontofWhatisthegreatestinventionwhichyouexpectinthecoming100WhatcontributiondoyouthinkyoucanmaketoWhatdoyouthinkisyourfavouritejobinthefuture?Q&AsectionaftertheanswerinoneanswerinoneInthissection,thejudgesareexpectingLogicalLinguisticMostofthetime,theyasksomethingrelevanttoyourWhatisyourdefinitionofahero?WhatdoyouthinkwecandotochangeIsthereanyotherthingyouwouldliketoDoyouthinkotherpeoplewillthinklikeWhatiftheassumptioncannotcomeNowtrytoworkouttheseatypicalquestionsaccordingwhatwe’velearnedinthisQuestionWhenyouarelookingintothemirror,whatareyouthinkingofPossibleQuestionMay12this“Mother’sDay”.Whyisitsopopularnowadays PossibleQuestionQuestionPossibleNowlet’shaveaMakeyourself-introductionandtalentshowmorePrepareyourspeechesforthequestionsin“MoreFindmorequestionsinthebookandtrytowiththestructureandskillswe’veAppendixAppendixVocabulariesforten2.7权利原则 vtanimalsrightsadvocate bann.禁令；vt.，取缔（书等） vt.，使失去 blackoutn.，广播中断；断电，capitalpunishment civil adj.的constitutevt.制定（法律）consumers'association n. n.失职者,违法者adj.有过失的,违法的juveniledelinquencydemandasone'sdue deprivevt.，使丧失ofdistortionn.歪曲， vt.制定法律，颁布enjoythedom enjoytheprivacy establishmentn.确立，制定 n.=mercykillingfair-minded adj.公正的fightfor vt nvt强制，强domofspeech humanrights adj.人道主义的inalienablea.不可的,不能让与alienatealienator转让人alienee受让

n.， vt.，管闲事meddle(in)=interfere intimateadj.亲密的invadev.， jurisprudence法学，法律学justadj.justifiedadj合情合理的liberationn.解放，释放libertyn.自由，licitadj.合法的，正当的illicitlimitn.限制；vt.限制 v.litigant当事indictment n. n.oust vt.rightof 生命权righteousadj.正直的，正当的，正义的 setdownset释social stringentadj.严厉的，迫切的，严格的 vt.违犯，（圣物），violationn.，，违背politicalconstraint militaryservice 2.8环保原则（ENVIRONMENT） acidn.酸性物质 anthropologyn. na.防腐剂,杀菌剂a.受的,的;败血症的atmosphericpollution availableadj.可利用的，有用的beexhausted n.美化，装饰begrimedadj.污秽的begrimev.grimen/v污垢弄污 degradablea.可降解的blameworthyadj.应受谴责的bucolicadj.田园的，农村生活的n土包子rustic乡村的粗野的淳朴的cancernchemical-waste n.都市风景landscapen. n.条件，环境congestv.使密集，拥塞conservevt.保护，保存，保藏 contaminatev.污染convenientadj. alizationn使变得失去人性，使变得漠然dehumanizationn.durableadj.持久的，耐用的ecologicalbalance生态平衡ecologicalsystem生态系统ecologyn.生态学emitn environmentallyfriendly exhaustvtvi.n.废foodchain

food fumengarbagen.，废genen.globalizationn.全球illaudablea.应受谴责的laudatorytitle美称 incineratorn焚化装置，焚化炉incinerate焚化毁弃 n.landscapen风景 nlandslidelight meteorologistn.气象学家meteor大气现象,流行meteorology气象学meteoric大气municipalrefuse 城市municipality自治市市municipalsewage optimizetheenvironment n pesticiden.picturesqueadj.迷人的preservevt.保护，保存 n.放射性rareanimal rarityn.稀有 rubbishn.，废物ruinv.（使），，毁 soilerosion水土流失erosion蚀磨损减少soilpollution stainnv.染污，沾污stinkv.发出臭味 n.环境 ntoxic traffic trashn.无价值之物，，废物whitetrash白人,贫穷白人的后裔trashya.tunneln.隧道，地道unbearableadj.受的，承受不住unspoiledadj.未被毁坏的vegetationn植被，植物，蔬菜

ventilate使通风公开讨论viciouscircle恶性循环virtuouscircle良性循环wastegas n.废气waterbodypollution wildanimal n.荒野，荒地wildlifen.野生动植物worsenv.（使）变得更坏，，损AppendixAppendixReading

WorkandTobereallyhappyandreallysafe,oneoughttohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustallbereal.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay:“Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.”Suchanattemptonlyaggravatesthestrainofmentaleffort.Amanmayacquiregreatknowledgeoftopicsunconnectedwithhisdailywork,andyethardlygetanybenefitorrelief.Itisnousengwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingmaybedividedintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andthosewhoareboredtodeath.Itisnouseofferingthemanuallaborer,tiredoutwithahardweek’ssweatandeffort,thechanceofyingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.Itisnouseinvitingthepoliticianortheprofessionalorbusinessman,whohasbeenworkingorworryingaboutseriousthingsforsixdays,toworkorworryabouttriflingthingsattheweekend.Itmayalsobesaidthatrational,industrious,usefulhumanbeingsaredividedintotwoclasses:first,thosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure;andsecondly,thosewhoseworkandpleasureareone.Ofthesetheformerarethemajority.Theyhavetheircompensations.Thelonghoursintheofficeorthefactorybringwiththemastheirreward,notonlythemeansofsustenance,butakeenappetiteforpleasureeveninitssimplestandmostmodestforms.ButFortune’sfavoredchildrenbelongtothesecondclass.Theirlifeisanaturalharmony.Forthemtheworkinghoursareneverlongenough.Eachdayisaholiday,andordinaryholidayswhentheycomearegrudgedasendinterruptionsinanabsorbingvacation.Yettobothclassestheneedofanalternativeoutlook,ofachangeofatmosphere,ofadiversionofeffort,isessential.Indeed,itmaywellbethatthosewhoseworkistheirpleasurearethosewhomostneedthemeansofbanishingitatintervalsfromtheirminds.Mirror,MirrorWhatdoIAlovinglivesinalovingworld.AhostilelivesinahostileEveryoneyoumeetisyourMirrorshaveaveryparticularfunction.Theyreflecttheimageinfrontofthem.asaphysicalmirrorservesasthevehicletoreflection,sodoallofthepeopleinourlives.Whenweseesomethingbeautifulsuchasaflowergarden,thatgardenservesasareflection.Inordertoseethebeautyinfrontofus,wemustbeabletoseethebeautyinsideofourselves.Whenwelovesomeone,it’sareflectionoflovingourselves.Whenwelovesomeone,it’sareflectionoflovingourselves.Wehaveoftenheardthingslike“IlovehowIamwhenI’mwiththat .”Thatsimplytranslatesinto“I’mabletolovemewhenIlovethatother .”Oftentimes,whenwemeetsomeonenew,wefeelasthoughwe“click”.Sometimesit’sasifwe’veknowneachotherforalongtime.ThatfeelingcancomefromsharingJustasthe“mirror”orother canbeapositivereflection,itismorelikelythatwe’llnoticeitwhenithasanegativeconnotation.Forexample,it’seasytoremembertimeswhenwehavemetsomeonewe’renotparticularlycrazyabout.Wemayhavesomecriticisminourmindaboutthe .Thisisespeciallytruewhenwegettoknowsomeonewithwhomwewouldratherspendlesstime.Frequently,whenwedislikequalitiesinotherpeople,ironically,it’susuallythemirrorthat’sspeakingtous.IbeganquestioningmyselffurthereachtimeIencounteredsomeonethatIdidn’tparticularlylike.Eachtime,Iaskedmyself,“Whatisitaboutthat thatIdon’tlike?”andthen“Istheresomethingsimilarinme?”ineveryinstance,Icouldseeapieceofthatqualityinme,andsometimesIhadtoreallygetveryintrospective.Sowhatdidthatmean?ItmeansthatjustasIcangetannoyedordisturbedwhenInoticethataspectinsomeoneelse,Ibetterreexaminemyqualitiesandconsidermakingsomechanges.EvenifI’mnotwillingtomakeadrasticchange,atleastIconsiderhowImightmodifysomeofthethingsthatI’mng.Attimeswemeetsomeonenewandfeeldistant,disconnected,ordisgusted.Althoughwedon’twanttobelieveit,andit’snoteasyordesirabletolookfurther,itcanbeagreatlearninglessontofigureoutwhatpartofthe isbeingreflectedinyou.It’ssimplyjustanotherwaytocreatemoreself-awareness.OnMotesandItiscuriousthatourownoffensesshouldseemsomuchlessheinousthantheoffensesofothers.Isupposethereasonisthatweknowallthecircumstancesthathaveoccasionedthemandsomanagetoexcuseinourselveswhatwecannotexcuseinothers.Weturnourattentionawayfromourowndefects,andwhenwearedbyuntowardeventstoconsiderthem,finditeasytocondonethem.ForallIknowwearerighttodothis;theyarepartofusandwemustacceptthegoodandbadinourselvestogether.Butwhenwecometojudgeothers,itisnotbyourselvesaswereallyarethatwejudgethem,butbyanimagethatwehaveformedofourselvesfrowhichwehaveleftouteverythingthatoffendsourvanityorwoulddiscreditusintheeyesoftheworld.Totakeatrivialinstance:howscornfulwearewhenwecatchsomeoneoutlingalie;butwhocansaythathehasnevertoldnotone,butahundred?Thereisnotmuchtochoosebetweenmen.Theyareallahotchpotchofgreatnessandlittleness,ofvirtueandvice,ofnobilityandbaseness.Somehavemorestrengthofcharacter,ormoreopportunity,andsoinonedirectionoranothergivetheirinstinctsry,butpotentiallytheyarethesame.Formypart,IdonotthinkIamanybetteroranyworsethanmostpeople,butIknowthatifIsetdowneveryactioninmylifeandeverythoughtthathascrossedmymind,theworldwouldconsidermeamonsterofdepravity.Theknowledgethatthesereveriesarecommontoallmenshouldinspireonewithtolerancetooneselfaswellastoothers.Itiswellalsoiftheyenableustolookuponourfellows,eventhemosteminentandrespectable,withhumor,andiftheyleadustotakeourselvesnottooseriously.AppendixAppendixReadingonCurrentWhyAreAmericanssoAmericansareangryandgrowingmorefrustrated,butthereasonsaremixed.Atshopdaysales,theyfightoverwhogetsthebiggestevision.Attheirchildren'ssoccergames,theyattackthecoachiftheirteamisnotwinning.PoliticalcandidatesuselanguagethatinsultsAmerica'sfriendsandneighbors.Andintheextreme,some esoangryoverissuesofreligion,politicsandpowerthattheycommitmassmurderonstrangers.Orthreatenpeoplewithreligionstheydonotlike."Ijustreceivedadeaththreatinmyownoffice,"RepresentativeAndrewCarson,aDemocratfromnatoldCNNTuesday."Anditislargely(due)totheenvironment,thistoxicenvironment."CarsonisoneoftwoMuslim-AmericansinCongress.HesaysthedeaththreatcameonedayafterRepublicanDonaldTrumpdeclaredhewouldbanMuslimsfromtravelingtotheU.S.,ifheiselected.ButAmericansarealsoangryanddividedabouteconomicstruggles.Alsofuelingtheangeraredivisionsoversuchissuesasimmigration,same-marriage,abortion,guncontrol,treatmentofAfrican-Americansandclimatechange.JustinthelastAngrydemonstratorsblockedtrafficinChicago,Illinoistothedelayedreleaseofashowingawhiteofficershootingdowna17-year-oldAfrican-American.Atatowncouncilmeetinginasmallnatown,afightbrokeoutafteravotetorecethetown'smarshal.Thedebateoverguncontrolgrewevenangrier.Supportersofguncontrolaskedwhyopponentsarenotevenwillingtostopterroristsfromgettingguns.GunrightssupportersrespondedthatsomewanttotakeawaytheirrightstoownRobertThompsonisdirectorofSyracuseUniversity'sBleierCenterforevisionandPopularCulture.HesaysnoonecanarguethatAmericanshavealottobeangryabout.Butitdoesnotmeantheangerhasreachedhistoriclevels,ThompsonItusedtobethatangryAmericanshadfeweroptionstoexpresstheiranger.Youcouldwritealettertoyourlocalnewspaper,butbythetimeitwaspublished,youhadtimetocooloff.ThoseweretimesbeforecableevisionnewsandtheInternet.SaysThompson:"Now,weallgettoshowhowangryweare.WecangoontheInternetandproclaimourangertotheentireworld.Itisnotlikewehavenotbeenangrybefore.SettlerstoAmericawereangryenoughattheBritishtobeginarevolution."Thereasonspeoplesaytheyareunhappyinclude:ashrinkingmiddleclass,youngpeopleworriedaboutdebtandjobprospects,agrowingconcernaboutterrorismandabeliefthepoliticalsystemfavorsthewealthy,accordingtopollsbytheWallStreetJournal/NBCandthePewResearchCenter.Despite62straightmonthsofjobgrowth,manyAmericansworryabouttheirabilitytomeetfuturecosts.Twentysevenpercentofbabyboomersexpecttorunoutofsavingsbeforetheydie,accordingtoaJunesurveybyNorthwesternMutualLifeInsurance.Babyboomersarepeoplebornbetween1946and1964.AndGenerationXers–peoplebornbetween1965and1980–arealsonervous.Thirtysevenpercentdonot"atallfeelfinanciallysecure,"and20percentexpecttooutlivetheirsavings,theNorthwesternMutualsurveyfound.RussellJonesisdirectoroftheStressandCoLabandapsychologyprofessoratVirginiaTechUniversity.Hesaidrecentterrorattacksandmassshootingsraisestress"Theincreaseintraumawearehearing,watchingandreadingaboutand,insomecases,experiencing,ismakingtheangerandstressmoreprevalent,"Jonessays.HeisreferringnotonlytotheSanBernardinoshootings,butalsorecentattacks:theParisterrorattacks,whichkilled130peopleandtheshootingsatannedParenthoodclinicinColorado,whichkilledthree.OnMond