2018年高考英语江苏专用文档：专题三 阅读理解 第二步 真题演练（二） 含答案

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精真题演练（二）[2016·江苏］Ae-Learning：AnAlternativeLearningOpportunityDaySchoolProgramSecondarystudentsacrossTorontoDistrictSchoolBoard（TDSB)areinvitedtotakeoneortwoe—Learningcoursesontheirdayschooltimetable.Studentswillremainontherollattheirdayschool。Theon—lineclassroomprovidesaninnovative，relevantandinteractivelearningenvironment。Thecoursesandon-lineclassroomareprovidedbytheMinistryofEducation。Theseon-linecourses：aretaughtbyTDSBsecondaryschoolteachers；arepartoftheTDSBstudent'stimetable；and，appearonthestudent’sreportuponcompletion.Benefitsofe—LearningInclude：accesstocoursesthatmaynotbeavailableathisorherTDSBschool；usingtechnologytoprovidestudentswithcurrentinformation；and，assistancetosolvetimetableconflicts.Ise-LearningforYou？Studentswhoaresuccessfulinanon—linecourseareusually：abletoplan,organizetimeandcompleteassignmentsandactivities；capableofworkingindependentlyinaresponsibleandhonestmanner；and，abletoregularlyuseacomputerormobiledevicewithinternetaccess.Studentsneedtospendatleastasmuchtimewiththeiron—linecourseworkastheywouldinaface—to-faceclassroomcourse.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。多伦多公立教育局邀请中学生选修一两门在线课程.文章介绍了在线课程的基本情况、优势及选课要求。56．E-LearningcoursesaredifferentfromotherTDSBcoursesinthat.A．theyaregivenbybestTDSBteachersB．theyarenotonthedayschooltimetableC．theyarenotincludedonstudents’reportsD．theyareanadditiontoTDSBcourses答案D解析细节理解题。由Theseon-linecourses下的内容可知A、B、C三项表述均不正确；根据Benefitsofe-Learning下的第一条“accesstocoursesthatmaynotbeavailableathisorherTDSBschool”可知,这些在线课程在TDSB课程中可能学不到，它们是对TDSB课程的补充。故选D项。57．Whatdostudentsneedtodobeforecompletinge-Learningcourses？A．Tolearninformationtechnologyon—line.B．Todotheirassignmentsindependently。C．Toupdatetheirmobiledevicesregularly。D．Totalkfacetofacewiththeirteachers.答案B解析细节理解题。根据Ise—Learningforyou下的“Studentswhoaresuccessfulinanon—linecourseareusually...capableofworkingindependently。.。"可知,学生需要独立完成作业,与B项相符。BChimps(黑猩猩)willcooperateincertainways，likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings，theyhavelittleinstinct（本能)tohelponeanother。Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren，whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood。Inthelaboratory，chimpsdon’tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor，withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage，hewillpullatrandom-hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot。Chimpsaretrulyselfish.Humanchildren，ontheotherhand，arenaturallycooperative。Fromtheearliestages，theydesiretohelpothers，toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren。Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor，almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp。Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp，informandsharearenottaught，butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehavesocially。Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive（认知的)skills，atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello，thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.Thecoreofwhatchildren’smindshaveandchimps’don’tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking。Butbeyondthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”，agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是通过实验对比了黑猩猩与人类在相互帮助的本能方面的巨大不同。黑猩猩除了在某些方面偶尔合作外，在其他方面都是各顾各的,非常自私，而人却从小就知道帮助他人,善于与他人合作，这是人类独有的天性。58．Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps？A．Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers’interests.B．Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren。C．Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors’food.D．Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother。答案A解析细节理解题.根据第一、二段可知，黑猩猩很少关心其他的黑猩猩,比如第二段中的例子：随意吃邻居盘子里的食物,根本不关心邻居是否有东西吃,再结合第二段最后一句“Chimpsaretrulyselfish。”,可知与A项说法一致.59．MichaelTomasello’stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey。A．havetheinstincttohelpothersB．knowhowtoofferhelptoadultsC．knowtheworldbetterthanchimpsD．trustadultswiththeirhandsfull答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Humanchildren，ontheotherhand，arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages，theydesiretohelpothers。.。"可知，人类的孩子有帮助他人的本能.60．Thepassageismainlyabout.A．thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildrenB．waystotrainchildren'ssharedintentionalityC．cooperationasadistinctivehumannatureD．thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren答案C解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，通过实验，发现黑猩猩没有相互帮助的本能，非常自私,而人类却从小就知道帮助他人,善于与他人合作，这是人类独有的天性。故C项为最佳答案。CElNiño，aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”，wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears，reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas。ElNiñoseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround。Theweathereffects，bothgoodandbad，arefeltinmanyplaces。RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños，onbalance，thantheylose。AstudyfoundthatastrongNiñoin1997-98helpedAmerica’seconomygrowby15billion，partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests：farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames。Amulti—yeardrought(干旱）insouth—eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiñomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia，theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters。ThemostrecentpowerfulNiño，in1997-98，killedaround21，000peopleandcauseddamageworth36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNiñoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare。AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI)，however，just12％ofdisaster—relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance，ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards。Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction。Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施）canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach。Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors，civilconflictisrelatedtoElNiño’sharmfuleffects-andthepoorerthecountry，thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal，helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNiño，reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority。语篇解读本文是一篇科普说明文。主要介绍的是厄尔尼诺现象名字的由来、影响、危害等相关情况,希望人们对厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好充分的准备，以减少损失。61．WhatcanwelearnaboutElNiñoinParagraph1?A．ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman。B．Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C．ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas。D．Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.答案D解析细节理解题.根据第一段第二句“ElNiñoseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.”可知，在海洋厄尔尼诺现象发生时会有洋流的变化。62．WhatmayElNiñosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A．Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B．Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C．Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses。D．Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños，onbalance,thantheylose。”可知,富裕国家因厄尔尼诺现象得到的东西要比它们失去的多。63．ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat。A．moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB．governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC．victimsofElNiñodeservemorecompensationD．recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst答案A解析推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句中的“。..however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance。。.”可知以往政府对减少风险的投入太少,应该加大投资以降低厄尔尼诺现象造成的损失.64．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．TointroduceElNiñoanditsorigin。B．ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNiño.C．ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNiño.D．TourgepeopletoprepareforElNiño。答案D解析写作意图题.根据文章内容，特别是最后一段中的“helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetherisk。.。"可判断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好准备。DNotsolongago，mostpeopledidn'tknowwhoShelly—AnnFraser—Prycewasgoingtobecome。Shewasjustanaveragehighschoolathlete.TherewaseveryindicationthatshewasjustanotherJamaicanteenagerwithoutmuchofafuture。However，onepersonwantedtochangethis。StephenFrancisobservedtheneighteen-year-oldShelly-Annatatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningsoftruegreatness.Hertimeswerenotexactlyimpressive，butevenso,hesensedtherewassomethingtryingtogetout，somethingtheothercoacheshadoverlookedwhentheyhadassessedherandfoundherlacking。HedecidedtoofferShelly-Annaplaceinhisverystricttrainingsessions。Theircooperationquicklyproducedresults，andafewyearslateratJamaica’sOlympictrialsinearly2008，Shelly—Ann，whoatthattimeonlyrankednumber70intheworld，beatJamaica'sunchallengedqueenofthesprint（短跑)．“Wheredidshecomefrom？”askedanastonishedsprintingworld，beforeconcludingthatshemustbeoneofthoseone-hitwondersthatspringupfromtimetotime,onlytodisappearagainwithoutsigns。ButShelly—Annwastoprovethatshewasanythingbutaone-hitwonder.AttheBeijingOlympicsshesweptawayanydoubtsaboutherabilitytoperformconsistentlybybecomingthefirstJamaicanwomanevertowinthe100metresOlympicgold。ShediditagainoneyearonattheWorldChampionshipsinBerlin,becomingworldchampionwithatimeof10.73—thefourthfastesttimeever。Shelly-Annisalittlewomanwithabigsmile.Shehasamentaltoughnessthatdidnotcomeaboutbychance.Herjourneytobecomingthefastestwomanonearthhasbeenanythingbutsmoothandeffortless.ShegrewupinoneofJamaica’stoughestinner-citycommunitiesknownasWaterhouse，whereshelivedinaone—roomapartment，sleepingfourinabedwithhermotherandtwobrothers.Waterhouse，oneofthepoorestcommunitiesinJamaica,isareallyviolentandoverpopulatedplace.SeveralofShelly—Ann’sfriendsandfamilywerecaughtupinthekillings；oneofhercousinswasshotdeadonlyafewstreetsawayfromwhereshelived。Sometimesherfamilydidn'thaveenoughtoeat。Sheranattheschoolchampionshipsbarefootedbecauseshecouldn’taffordshoes.HermotherMaxime，oneofafamilyoffourteen，hadbeenanathleteherselfasayounggirlbut，likesomanyothergirlsinWaterhouse，hadtostopaftershehadherfirstbaby。Maxime’searlyentryintotheadultworldwithitsresponsibilitiesgaveherthedeterminationtoensurethatherkidswouldnotendupinWaterhouse’sroundaboutofpoverty.OneofthefirstthingsMaximeusedtodowithShelly-Annwastakinghertothetrack，andshewasreadytosacrificeeverything。Itdidn’ttakelongforShelly-AnntorealizethatsportscouldbeherwayoutofWaterhouse.OnasummereveninginBeijingin2008，allthoselong，hardhoursofworkandcommitmentfinallyborefruit。Thebarefootkidwhojustafewyearspreviouslyhadbeenlivinginpoverty，surroundedbycriminalsandviolence，hadwrittenanewchapterinthehistoryofsports。ButShelly—Ann'svictorywasfargreaterthanthat。ThenightshewonOlympicgoldinBeijing，theroutinemurdersinWaterhouseandthedrugwarsintheneighbouringstreetsstopped。Thedarkcloudaboveoneoftheworld'stoughestcriminalneighbourhoodssimplydisappearedforafewdays。“Ihavesomuchfireburningformycountry，"Shellysaid。SheplanstostartafoundationforhomelesschildrenandwantstobuildacommunitycentreinWaterhouse.ShehopestoinspiretheJamaicanstolaydowntheirweapons。Sheintendstofighttomakeitawoman'saswellasaman’sworld。AsMuhammadAliputsit，“Championsaren’tmadeingyms。Championsaremadefromsomethingtheyhavedeepinsidethem。Adesire，adream,avision。"OneofthethingsShelly—Anncanbeproudofisherunderstandingofthistruth。语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文.主要讲述的是牙买加一个短跑名将Shelly。AnnFraster.Pryce从平凡走向卓越，从卓越迈向伟大的历程.在2008年北京奥运会上成功夺金之后，她努力用自己的影响力去改变那个曾经吞噬了无数青少年梦想的贫民窟。65．WhydidStephenFrancisdecidetocoachShelly—Ann？A。Hehadastrongdesiretofreeherfamilyfromtrouble。B．Hesensedagreatpotentialinherdespiteherweaknesses.C．Shehadbigproblemsmaintainingherperformance。D．Shesufferedalotofdefeatsattheprevioustrackmeets。答案B解析细节理解题.根据第一段第五句中的“StephenFrancis。..wasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningsoftruegreatness.”和第六句中的“hesensedtherewassomethingtryingtogetout.。。"可知，StephenFrancis教练感受到了她的巨大潜力。66．WhatdidthesprintingworldthinkofShelly—Annbeforethe2008OlympicGames？A．Shewouldbecomeapromisingstar。B．Shebadlyneededtosethighergoals。C．Hersprintingcareerwouldnotlastlong.D．Hertalentforsprintingwasknowntoall。答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“.。.sprintingworld，beforeconcludingthatshemustbeoneofthoseone—hitwondersthatspringupfromtimetotime，onlytodisappearagainwithoutsigns.”可判断出，短跑界认为她的短跑生涯不会持续很长时间。67．WhatmadeMaximedecidetotrainherdaughteronthetrack?A．Hersuccessandlessonsinhercareer.B．HerinterestinShelly-Ann'squickprofit。C．HerwishtogetShelly-Annoutofpoverty.D．Herearlyentrancein