2014年雅思阅读模拟试题

2014年雅思阅读模拟试题(1)Whenwasthelasttimeyousawafrog?Chancesare,ifyouliveinacity,youhavenotseenoneforsometime.Eveninwetareasonceteemingwithfrogsandtoads,itisBECominglessandlesseasytofindthoseslimy,hoppingandsometimespoisonousmembersoftheanimalkingdom.Allovertheworld,andeveninremotepartsofAustralia,frogsarelosingtheecologicalbattleforsurvival,andbiologistsareatalosstoexplaintheirdemise.Areamphibianssimplyoversensitivetochangesintheecosystem?Coulditbethattheirrapiddeclineinnumbersissignalingsomecomingenvironmentaldisasterforusall?Thisfrighteningscenarioisinparttheconsequenceofadramaticincreaseoverthelastquartercenturyinthedevelopmentofoncenaturalareasofwetmarshland;homenotonlytofrogsbuttoallmannerofwildlife.However,asyet,therearenoobviousreasonswhycertainfrogspeciesaredisappearingfromrainforestsinAustraliathathavebarelybeentouchedbyhumanhand.Themysteryisunsettlingtosaytheleast,foritisknownthatamphibianspeciesareextremelysensitivetoenvironmentalvariationsintemperatureandmoisturelevels.ThedangeristhatplanetEarthmightnotonlyloseavitallinkintheecologicalfoodchain(frogskeeppopulationsofotherwisepestilentinsectsatmanageablelevels),butwemightbeincreasingouroutputofairpollutantstolevelsthatmayhavealreadybecomeirreversible.Frogscouldbeinadvertentlywarningusofacatastrophe.Anexampleofaspeciesoffrogthat,atfarasisknown,hasbecomeextinct,istheplatypusfrog.Likethewell-knownAustralianmammalitwasnamedafter,itexhibitedsomeverystrangebehaviour;insteadofgivingbirthtotadpolesinthewater,itraiseditsyoungwithinitsstomach.Thebabyfrogswereactuallybornfromoutoftheirmother'smouth.Discoveredin1981,lessthantenyearslaterthefroghadcompletelyvanishedfromthecrystalclearwatersofBooloumbaCreeknearQueensland'sSunshineCoast.Unfortunately,thisfreakofnatureisnottheonlyfrogspeciestohavebeenlostinAustralia.Sincethe1970s,nolessthaneightothershavesufferedthesamefate.Onetheorythatseemstofitthefactsconcernsthedepletionoftheozonelayer,awelldocumentedphenomenonwhichhasledtoasharpincreaseinultravioletradiationlevels.TheozonelayerismeanttoshieldtheEarthfromUVrays,butincreasedradiationmaybehavingaGREatereffectuponfrogpopulationsthanpreviouslybelieved.Anothertheoryisthatworldwidetemperatureincreasesareupsettingthebreedingcyclesoffrogs.TRUE/FALSE/NOTGIVEN1.Frogsaredisappearingonlyfromcityareas.2.Frogsandtoadsareusuallypoisonous.3.Biologistsareunabletoexplainwhyfrogsaredying.4.Thefrogs'naturalhabitatisbecomingmoreandmoredeveloped.5.Attemptsarebeingmadetohaltthedevelopmentofwetmarshland.6.Frogsareimportantintheecosystembecausetheycontrolpests.AWebsiteconsistsofa`homepage',thefirstscreenofaparticularsiteonthecomputertowhichyouareconnected,fromwhereaccesscanbehadtoothersubjectrelated`pages'(orscreens)atthesiteandonthousandsofothercomputersallovertheworld.Thisisachievedbyaprocesscalled`hypertext'.Byclickingwithamousedeviceonvariouspartsofthescreen,apersonconnectedtothe`Net'cangotraveling,orsurfing'throughaofthescreen,apersonconnectedtothe`Net'cangotraveling,or`surfing'throughawebofpagestolocatewhateverinformationisrequired.Anyonecansetupasite;promotingyourclub,yourinstitution,yourcompany'sproductsorsimplyyourself,iswhattheWebandtheInternetisallabout.Andwhatismore,informationontheInternetisnotownedorcontrolledbyanyoneorganization.Itis,perhaps,truetosaythatnooneandthereforeeveryoneownsthe`Net'.BECauseoftherelativefreedomofaccesstoinformation,theInternethasoftenbeencriticisedbythemediaasapotentiallyhazardoustoolinthehandsofyoungcomputerusers.Thisperceptionhasprovedtobelargelyfalsehowever,andthevastmajorityofusersbothyoungandoldgetconnectedwiththeInternetforthedualpurposesforwhichitwasintended-discoveryanddelight.TRUE/FALSE/NOTGIVEN1.EveryoneisawareoftheInformationSuperhighway.2.UsingtheInternetcoststheownerofatelephoneextramoney.3.Internetcomputerconnectionsaremadebyusingtelephonelines.4.TheWorldWideWebisanetworkofcomputerisedtypewriters.5.Accordingtotheauthor,theInformationSuperhighwaymaybethefuturehopeofeducation.6.Theprocesscalled`hypertext'requirestheuseofamousedevice.7.TheInternetwascreatedinthe1990s.8.The`homepage'isthefirstscreenofa`Web'siteonthe`Net'.9.ThemediahasoftencriticisedtheInternetbecauseitisdangerous.10.Thelatesttechnologicalrevolutionwillchangethewayhumanscommunicate.1.F2.NG3.T4.F5.T6.T7.F8.T9.F10.T2014年雅思阅读模拟试题(3)1.Thefailureofahigh-profilecholesteroldrughasthrownaspotlightonthecomplicatedmachinerythatregulatescholesterollevels.Butmanyresearchersremainconfidentthatdrugstoboostlevelsof’good’cholesterolarestilloneofthemostpromisingmeanstocombatspirallingheartdisease.2.DrugcompanyPfizerannouncedon2Decemberthatitwascancellingallclinicaltrialsoftorcetrapib，adrugdesignedtoraiseheart-protectivehigh-densitylipoproteins(HDLs)。Inatrialof15000patients，asafetyboardfoundthatmorepeoplediedorsufferedcardiovascularproblemsaftertakingthedrugplusacholesterol-loweringstatinthanthoseinacontrolgroupwhotookthestatinalone.3.Thenewscameasakickintheteethtomanycardiologistsbecauseearliertestsinanimalsandpeoplesuggesteditwouldlowerratesofcardiovasculardisease.“Therehavebeennoredflagstomyknowledge，”saysJohnChapman，aspecialistinlipoproteinsandatherosclerosisattheNationalInstituteforHealthandMedicalResearch(INSERM)inPariswhohasalsostudiedtorcetrapib.“Thiscancellationcameasacompleteshock.”4.TorcetrapibisoneofthemostadvancedofanewbreedofdrugsdesignedtoraiselevelsofHDLs，whichferrycholesteroloutofartery-cloggingplaquestotheliverforremovalfromthebody.Specifically，torcetrapibblocksaproteincalledcholesterolestertransferprotein(CETP)，whichnormallytransfersthecholesterolfromhigh-densitylipoproteinstolowdensity，plaque-promotingones.Statins，incontrast，mainlyworkbyloweringthe’bad’low-densitylipoproteins.Underpressure5.Researchersarenowtryingtoworkoutwhyandhowthedrugbackfired，somethingthatwillnotbecomeclearuntiltheclinicaldetailsarereleasedbyPfizer.Onehintliesinevidencefromearliertrialsthatitslightlyraisesbloodpressureinsomepatients.Itwasthoughtthatthismildproblemwouldbeoffsetbytheheartbenefitsofthedrug.Butitispossiblethatitactuallyprovedfatalinsomepatientswhoalreadysufferedhighbloodpressure.Ifbloodpressureistheexplanation，itwouldactuallybegoodnewsfordrugdevelopersbecauseitsuggeststhattheproblemsarespecifictothiscompound.OtherprototypedrugsthatarebeingdevelopedtoblockCETPworkinaslightlydifferentwayandmightnotsufferthesamedownfall.6.ButitisalsopossiblethatthewholeideaofblockingCETPisflawed，saysMotiKashyap，whodirectsatherosclerosisresearchattheVAMedicalCenterinLongBeach，California.WhenHDLsexcretecholesterolintheliver，theyactuallyrelyonLDLsforpartofthisprocess.SoinhibitingCETP，whichpreventsthetransferofcholesterolfromHDLtoLDL，mightactuallycauseanabnormalandirreversibleaccumulationofcholesterolinthebody.“You’reblockingaphysiologicmechanismtoeliminatecholesterolandeffectivelyconstipatingthepathway，”saysKashyap.Goingup7.Mostresearchersremainconfidentthatelevatinghighdensitylipoproteinslevelsbyonemeansoranotherisoneofthebestroutesforhelpingheartdiseasepatients.ButHDLsarecomplexandnotentirelyunderstood.Oneapproveddrug，calledniacin，isknowntobothraiseHDLandreducecardiovascularriskbutalsocausesanunpleasantsensationofheatandtingling.Researchersareexploringwhethertheycanbypassthissideeffectandwhetherniacincanlowerdiseaseriskmorethanstatinsalone.Scientistsarealsoworkingonseveralothermeanstobumpuphigh-densitylipoproteinsby，forexample，introducingsyntheticHDLs.“Theonlythingweknowisdeadinthewateristorcetrapib，notthewholeideaofraisingHDL，”saysMichaelMiller，directorofpreventivecardiologyattheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenter，Baltimore.Questions1-7Thispassagehas7paragraphs1-7.Choosethecorrectheadingforeachparagraphfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumberi-ixinboxes1-7onyouranswersheet.ListofHeadingsi.Howdoestorcetrapibwork?ii.Contradictoryresultpriortothecurrenttrialiii.Onefailuremaypossiblybringaboutfuturesuccessiv.Thefailuredoesn’tleadtototallossofconfidencev.Itistherightroutetofollowvi.Whyit’sstoppedvii.Theymaycombineandtheoreticallyproduceidealresultviii.What’swrongwiththedrugix.ItmightbewrongatthefirstplaceQuestions7-13Matchtorcetrapib，HDLs，statinandCETPwiththeirfunctions(Questions8-13)。。WritethecorrectletterA，B，CorDinboxes8-13onyouranswersheet.NBYoumayuseanylettermorethanonce.7.Ithasbeenadministeredtoover10，000subjectsinaclinicaltrial.8.Itcouldhelpridhumanbodyofcholesterol.9.Researchersareyettofindmoreaboutit.10.Itwasusedtoreducethelevelofcholesterol.11.AccordingtoKashyap，itmightleadto