四级英语大纲样卷

Part (30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthenexpressyourviewsontheimportanceoflearningbasicskills.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.WriteyouressayonAnswerSheet1.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答Part Listening (30SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthe注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答A)ThemanhasleftagoodimpressiononherTheman’sjeansandT-shirtsareThemanshouldbuyhimselfanewThemancandresscasuallyfortheA)Its C)ItsIts D)ItsA)Itisaroutine C)ItisnewontheItisquite D)ItisagoodA)Readthenoticeonthe C)GoandasktheBoardthebusto D)GetanewbusA)HeisashamedofhispresentHeiscarelessabouthisHechangesjobsHeshaveseveryotherA)ThewomanhadbeenfinedmanytimesThewomanknowshowtodealwiththeThewomanhadviolatedtrafficThewomanisgoodatfindingA)ShegothurtinanaccidentShehastogotoseeaSheisblackandblueallShestayedawayfromworkforafewA)ShewillaskDavidtotalkShewillmeetthemanSheissorrythemanwillnotShehastoinviteDavidtotheQuestions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)BeautifulsceneryintheAsportheparticipatesDangersofcross-countryPainandpleasureinA)Hecan’tfindgoodexamplestoillustratehisHecan’tfindapeacefulplacetodotheHecan’tdecidewhethertoincludetheeffortpartofHedoesn’tknowhowtodescribethebeautifulcountryA)NewideascomeupasyouMuchtimeisspentoncollectingAlotofeffortismadeinThewriter’spointofviewoftenQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Havingherbicycle HostinganeveningTV D)ConductingamarketA)Herepaired C)HeworkedasaHecoachedinaracing D)HeservedasaA)HewantedtobehisownHedidn’twanttobeintoomuchHedidn’twanttostartfromHefounditmoreA)Theyarealltheman’s C)TheyarepaidbytheTheyworkfivedaysa D)TheyallenjoySectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethe注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答PassageQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheysharedmutualfriendsinTheyhadmanyinterestsinTheysharedmanyextracurricularTheyhadknowneachothersinceA)Atalocal C)AttheboardingAtJoe’s D)AtthesportsA)DurablefriendshipscanbeverydifficulttoOnehastoberespectfulofotherpeopleinordertowinSocialdivisionswillbreakdownifpeoplegettoknoweachItishardforpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundstobecomePassageQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheartofJapanesebrush C)CharacteristicsofJapaneseSomefeaturesofJapanese D)TheuniquenessofJapaneseA)Tocalmthemselves C)ToshowtheirToenhance D)TosignallackofA)HowspeakerscanmisunderstandtheHowspeakerscanwinapprovalfromtheHowlistenersindifferentculturesshowHowdifferentWesternandEasternartformsPassageQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheymistakethefirefightersforTheydonotrealizethedangertheyareTheycannothearthefirefightersfortheTheycannotseethefirefightersbecauseoftheA)HeteachesSpanishinaSanFranciscoHeoftenteacheschildrenwhattododuringaHetravelsalloverAmericatohelpputoutHeprovidesoxygenmaskstochildrenfreeofA)HeisverygoodatpublicHerescuedastudentfromabigHegivesinformativetalkstoyoungHesavedthelifeofhisbrotherchokingonA)KidsshouldlearnnottobeafraidofInformativespeechescansaveCarelessnesscanresultinFirefightersplayanimportantroleinSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhave注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答Almosteverychild,onthefirstdayhesetsfootinaschoolbuilding,issmarter,more26,lessafraidofwhathedoesn’tknow,betteratfindingand27,moreconfident,resourceful(机敏的),persistentand28thanhewilleverbeagaininhisschoolingorunlessheisveryunusualandveryluckyfortherestofhislife.Already,bypayingcloseattentiontoand29theworldandpeoplehim,andwithoutanyschool-typeformalinstruction,hehasdoneataskfarmoredifficult,complicatedand30thananythinghewillbeaskedtodoinschool,orthananyofhisteachershasdoneforyears.Hehassolvedthe31oflanguage.Hehasdiscoveredit–babiesdon’tevenknowthatlanguageexists–andhehasfoundouthowitworksandlearnedtouseit32.Hehasdoneitbyexploring,byexperimenting,bydevelopinghisownmodelofthegrammaroflanguage,by33andseeingwhetheritworks,bygraduallychangingitand34ituntilitdoeswork.Andwhilehehasbeendoingthis,hehasbeenlearningotherthingsaswell,includingmanyofthe“35”thattheschoolsthinkonlytheycanteachhim,andmanythataremorecomplicatedthantheonestheydotrytoteachhim.Part (40SectionDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingOneinsix.Believeitornot,that’sthenumberofAmericanswhostrugglewithhunger.Tomaketomorrowalittlebetter,FeedingAmerica,thenation’slargest36hunger-relieforganization,haschosenSeptemberasHungerActionMonth.Aspartofits30Waysin30Daysprogram,it’sasking37acrossthecountrytohelpthemorethan200foodbanksand61,000agenciesinitsnetworkprovidelow-incomeindividualsandfamilieswiththefueltheyneedto38.It’sthekindofworkthat’sdoneeverydayatSt.Andrew’sEpiscopalChurchinSanAntonio.Peoplewho39atitsfrontdooronthefirstandthirdThursdaysofeachmontharen’tlookingforGod–they’rethereforsomethingtoeat.St.Andrew’srunsafoodpantry(食品室)that40thecityandseveralofthe41towns.JanetDraneisitsmanager.Inthewakeofthe42,thenumberoffamiliesinneedoffoodassistancebegantogrow.Itis43that49millionAmericansareunsureofwheretheywillfindtheirnextmeal.What’smostsurprisingisthat36%ofthemlivein44whereatleastoneadultisworking.“Itusedtobethatonejobwasallyouneeded,”saysSt.Andrew’sDrane.“Thepeopleweseenowhavethreeorfourpart-timejobsandthey’restillrightontheedge45.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingcorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetUniversitiesBranchAsneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomemoreself-consciouslyglobal:seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative(合作的)researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationUniversitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyeartakingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships(实习)abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunity—andprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenterfocusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryfacility.Yalefaculty,postdoctorsandgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattendvideoconferenceseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchinChina,andChinesegraduatestudents,postdoctorsandfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisU.S.team.Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandtheintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure(基础设施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheForallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearch-universitymodel.Mostpoliticiansrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationsincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.TheyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand—likeimmigrantsthroughouthistory—strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍视)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答Americanuniversitiespreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareersbygivingthemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship.Sincethemid-1970s,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedatanannualrateof3.9percent.TheenrollmentofinternationalstudentswillhaveapositiveimpactonAmericaratherthanthreatenitscompetitiveness.ThewayresearchiscarriedoutinuniversitieshaschangedasaresultofOfthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringintheUnitedStates,twentypercentcomefromforeigncountries.ThenumberofforeignstudentsapplyingtoU.S.universitiesdecreasedsharplyafterSeptember11duetochangesinthevisaprocess.TheU.S.federalfundingforresearchhasbeenunsteadyforAroundtheworld,governmentsencouragethemodeloflinkinguniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplication.Present-dayuniversitieshavebecomeapowerfulforceforglobalWhenforeignstudentsleaveAmerica,theywillbringAmericanvaluesbacktotheirhomecountries.SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withalinethroughthePassageQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingGlobalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyKofiAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(营养不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerable(易受伤害的)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵的).”However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimateInapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianRatesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalGlobaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicMalnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorEconomictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturalWhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromtheItcausedabigstirindevelopingItwaswarmlyreceivedbyItarousedalotofinterestinthescientificItwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskWhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sItsstatisticslookItdeservesourclosestItisinvalidintermsofItsconclusionispurposelyWhatisSorenAndreasen’sviewoftheItsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollectedItisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenItsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldWhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenHowhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbeHowrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimateHowemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalPassageQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingIt’sanannualargument.Doweordowenotgoonholiday?Mypartnersaysnobecausetheboilercouldgo,ortherooffalloff,andwehavenosavingstosaveus.Isayyouonlyliveonceandweworkhardandwhat’sthepointifyoucan’tgoonholiday.Thejoyofarecessionmeansnoargumentnextyear–wejustwon’tgo.Sincemoneyisknowntobeoneofthethingsmostlikelytobringarelationshiptoitsknees,weshouldbegrateful.Formanyfamiliestherecessionmeansmorethannotbookingaholiday.AYouGovpollof2,000peoplefound22%saidtheywerearguingmorewiththeirpartnersbecauseofconcernsaboutmoney.What’slesscleariswhetherdivorceandseparationratesriseinarecession–financialpressuresmeancouplesarguemorebutmakesplittinguplessaffordable.Arecentresearchshowsargumentsaboutmoneywereespeciallydamagingtocouples.Disputeswerecharacterisedbyintenseverbal(言语上的)aggression,tendedtoberepeatedandnotresolved,andmademen,morethanwomen,extremelyKimStephenson,anoccupationalpsychologist,believesmoneyissuchabigdealbecauseofwhatitsymbolises,whichmaybedifferentthingstomenandwomen.“Peoplecansaythesamethingsaboutmoneybuthavedifferentideasofwhatit’sfor,”heexplains.“They’llsayit’stosave,tospend,forsecurity,forfreedom,toshowsomeoneyoulovethem.”Hesaysmenaremorelikelytoseemoneyasawayofbuyingstatusandofshowingtheirparentsthatthey’veachievedsomething.“Thebiggestproblemisthatcouplesassumeeachotherknowswhat’sgoingonwiththeirfinances,buttheydon’t.Thereseemstobemoreofataboo(禁忌)abouttalkingaboutmoneythanaboutdeath.Butyoubothneedtoknowwhatyou’redoing,who’spayingwhatintothejointaccountandhowmuchyoukeepseparately.Inahealthyrelationship,youdon’thavetoagreeaboutmoney,butyouhavetotalkabout注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutPeopleenjoyitallthemoreduringaFewpeoplecanafforditwithoutworkingItisthechiefcauseoffamilyItmakesallthehardworkWhatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“moneyisknown...tobringarelationshiptoitsknees”(Lines1-2,Para.2)?MoneyisconsideredtobetherootofallDisputesovermoneymayruinaFewpeoplecanresistthetemptationofSomepeoplesacrificetheirdignityforTheYouGovpollof2,000peopleindicatesthatinarecession couplesshowmoreconcernforeachitismoreexpensiveforcouplestosplitconflictsbetweencouplestendtodivorceandseparationratesWhatdoesKimStephensonMenandwomenviewmoneyindifferentMoneyisoftenasymbolofaperson’sMenandwomenspendmoneyondifferentMoneymeansagreatdealtobothmenandTheauthorsuggestsattheendofthepassagethatcouplesshould puttheirmoneytogetherinsteadofkeepingitdiscussmoneymatterstomaintainahealthymakeeffortstoreachagreementontheirfamilyavoidarguingaboutmoneymatterstoremain Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.剪纸（papercutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（theMingandQingDynasties）特别注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答TapeScriptofListeningSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarktheM:FinallyI’vegotthechancetoputonmynewsuittonight.Ihopetomakeagoodimpressiononyourfamily.W:Comeon,it’sonlyafamilyreunion.SojeansandT-shirtsarejustfine.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?W:Fromhere,themountainslookasifyoucouldjustreachoutandtouchthem.M:That’swhyIchosethislodge.IthasoneofthebestviewsinSwitzerland.Q:Whatistheman’schiefconsiderationinchoosingtheM:Miss,canIinterestyouintheporkspecialwe’reservingtonight?It’s$7.99,halftheusualprice,andit’sverytasty.W:Oh,really?I’lltryit.Q:WhatdoesthemansayabouttheW:Thiscrazybusschedulehasgotmecompletelyconfused.Ican’tfigureoutwhenmybustoClevelandleaves.M:Whydon’tyoujustgototheticketwindowandask?Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?M:Shawn’sbeentryingformonthstofindajob.ButIwonderhowhecouldgetajobwhenhelookslikethat.W:Oh,thatpoorguy!Hereallyshouldshavehimselfeveryotherdayatleastandputonsomethingclean.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutM:Whydidn’tyoustopwhenwefirstsignaledyouatthecrossroads?W:Sorry,Iwasjustabitabsent-minded.Anyway,doIhavetopayafine?Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?W:Myhandstillhurtsfromthefallontheiceyesterday.IwonderifIbrokeM:I’mnodoctor,butit’snotblackandblueoranything.Maybeyoujustneedtorestitforafewdays.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutthewomanfromtheM:Ireallycan’tstandthewayDavidcontrolstheconversationallthetime.Ifhe’sgoingtobeatyourChristmasparty,Ijustwon’tcome.W:I’msorryyoufeelthatway,butmymotherinsiststhathecome.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?ConversationM:Hello,ProfessorW:Hello,Tony.SowhatshallweworkonM:Well,theproblemisthatthiswritingassignmentisn’tcomingoutright.WhatIthoughtIwaswritingonwastotalkaboutwhataparticularsportmeanstome—oneIparticipatein.W:WhatsportdidyouM:Idecidedtowriteaboutcross-countryskiing.W:Whatareyougoingtosayaboutskiing?M:That’stheproblem.IthoughtIwouldwriteabouthowpeacefulitistobeoutinthecountry.W:SowhyisthataM:AsIstartdescribinghowquietitistobeoutinthewoods,Ikeepmentioninghowmucheffortittakestokeepgoing.Cross-countryskiingisn’taseasyassomepeoplethink.Ittakesalotofenergy.Butthat’snotpartofmypaper,soIguessIshouldleaveitout.ButnowIdon’tknowhowtoexplainthatfeelingofpeacefulnesswithoutexplaininghowhardyouhavetoworkforit.Itallfitstogether.It’snotlikejustsittingdownsomewhereandwatchingthecloudsrollby.That’sdifferent.W:Thenyou’llhavetoincludethatinyourpoint.Thepeacefulnessofcross-countryskiingisthekindyouearnbyeffort.Whyleavethatout?Partofyourpointyouknewbeforehand,butpartyoudiscoveredasyouwrote.That’scommon,right?M:Yeah,IguesssoQuestions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustWhatisthetopicoftheman’swritingWhatproblemdoesthemanhavewhileworkingonhisWhatdoesthewomansayiscommoninwritingConversationW:Goodevening,andwelcometothisweek’s“BusinessWorld,”theprogramforandaboutbusinesspeople.TonightwehaveMr.StevenKanewhohasjusttakenoveranestablishedbicycleshop.Tellus,Mr.Kane,whatmadeyouwanttorunyourownM:Well,I’vealwayslovedracingbikesandfixingthem.WhenIwasworkingfull-timeasasalesmanforabigcompany,Iseldomhadtimetoenjoymyhobby.IknewthenthatassoonasIhadenoughmoneytogetmyownbusinessgoing,I’ddoit.Ihadmyheartsetonit,andIdidn’tletanythingstandinmyway.WhenIdowntothebankandgotabusinessloan,IknewI’dlovebeingmyownboss.Nowmytimeismyown.IopenthestorewhenIwantandleavewhenIwant.W:Youmeanyoudon’tkeepregularM:Well,thesignonmystoresaysthehoursare10:00to6:00,butifbusinessisslowerthanusual,Icanjustlockupandtakeoffearly.W:HaveyouhiredanyemployeestoworkwithyouM:Yeah,acoupleoffriendsofminewholovebikingasmuchasIdo.Theyhelpmeoutafewdaysaweek.It’sgreatbecause…weplaycardsorjustsitaroundandtalkwhenthere’renocustomers.W:Thankyou,Mr.Kane.WewishyousuccessinyournewQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustWhatisthewomanWhatdidMr.KanedobeforehetookoverthebicycleWhydidthemantakeoverabicycleWhatdowelearnaboutthepeopleworkingintheSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethePassageIfirstmetJoeGanswhenwewerebothnineyearsold,whichisprobablytheonlyreasonhe’soneofmybestfriends.IfIhadfirstmetJoeasafreshmaninhighschool,wewouldn’tevenhavehadthechancetoge