(完整版)高考同位语从句详解与习题

同位语一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。1.名词作同位语Mr.Wang,mychild’steacher,willbevisitingusonTuesday.2.短语作同位语I,theoldestgirlinthefamily,alwayshadtocarefortheotherchildren.3.直接引语作同位语Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds,“Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”4.句子作同位语ThegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatlakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。同位语从句用法一、同位语从句在句中的位置1.在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。(如news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等)I’vecomefromMr.Wangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在nodoubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。Wehavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletethetaskontime.我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。

ThereisnodoubtthatZhangWeiwillkeephispromise.我们相信张卫会守信的。2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。Thethoughtcametoherthatmaybeshehadleftthedooropenwhenshelefthome.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity．他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。AwarmthoughtsuddenlycametomethatImightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother'sbirthday由于that从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句二、同位语从句的引导词英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词(that，whether),连接代词(what,who,whom,whose,which),连接副词(how,when,where)等。（注：if,which不能引导同位语从句。）1.连词that引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）Theideathatyoucandothisworkwellwithoutthinkingisquitewrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（that从句作idea的同位语）【注1】在某些名词(如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气(should)+动词原形。TherewasasuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.【注2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。HegrabbedhissuitcaseandgavetheimpressionhewasboardingtheTokyoplane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。2.连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句）Thequestionwhetherweshouldcallinaspecialistwasansweredbythefamilydoctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。3.连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which引导同位语从句Ihavenoideawhatsizeshoesshewears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。Ihavenoideawhichwineisbest—it’samatterofpersonaltaste.我不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。Thequestionwhowilltakehisplaceisstillnotclear.4.连接副词when,where,how,why引导同位语从句Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。Myoriginalquestion,whyhediditatall,hasnotbeenanswered.三、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome？你在哪儿听说我不能来？四、同位语从句与定语从句的的语法区别1．意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：Wearegladatthenewsthathewillcome.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是thathewillcome，故that引导的是同位语从句)Wearegladatthenewsthathetoldus.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制thenews的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)2.引导词的不同what,how,if,whatever等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。3.引导词的功能上的不同that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例thathetoldus中的that就充当told的宾语。五、补充1.代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。IoweittoyouthatIamstillalive.幸亏你，我现在还活着。有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种it后的that从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于“主语+be+表语”结构。Youmustsetoitthatthechildrendon'tcatchcold.(=Youmustseetoit,andItisthatthechildrendon'tcatchcold.)你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。2.短语及固定句式后的同位语从句IwillcomeonconditionthatJohnisinvited.如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。简析：短语Oncondition,onsupposition,ontheground(s),ontheunderstanding,withtheexception,inspiteofthefact,ontheassumption及句式Therebe+nodoubt(hope,chance,possibility,…)后的that从句为同位语从句。练习一用适当的连接词填空：Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.2.Ihavenoidea_____wecandowiththesewastematerials.3.____thedoctorreallydoubtsis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.4.Itishoped____naturewillneverbedestroyed.5.____doyouguesswillgiveatalkonEnglishtomorrow?6.--IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.--Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?7.Wordcame____Iwaswantedattheoffice.8.Doyouknow____ofthemwillbeournewheadmaster?9.Theteacherdidn’ttellme____wewerewrong.10.It’sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.B.单项选择Itwastrue_____Alicedidsurprisedhermother.A.thatB.whatC.that,whatD.what,that2.Does____mattermuch____hecan’tcometothemeeting.A.it,ifB.that,ifC.it,whetherD.this,whether3.--Whatareyouanxiousabout?--____A.HowcanwesucceedB.WhetherwecansucceedC.WhencanwesucceedD.Thatwecansucceed4.Thereason____thelittleactresshasbeensuchasuccessis____sheisbothcleverandhard-working.A.why,whyB.why,thatC.that,becauseD.for,because5.____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Theperson6.Ireallydon’tknow_____Ihadthisphototaken.A.whereitwasthatB.itwasthatC.whereitwasD.itwaswhy7.?Dr.BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge.Ican’tremember____.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.that8.--WhatdoyouthinkofChina?--____differentlifeistodayfrom____itusedtobe.A.How,whatB.What,whatC.How,thatD.What,that9.Givethisto____youthinkcandotheworkwell.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever10.____troublesmeis____Ican’tlearnalltheseEnglishidiomsbyheart.A.That,thatB.What,whatC.That,whatD.What,that答案A.1.that2.what3.what,whether4.that5.who6.why7.that8.which9.where10.whateverB.1—5CABBB6—10ACACD练习二1.Thefact____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which2.Thefact____hewassuccessfulproveshisability.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why3.Thenews____hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgrea