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(paras.109-114)HypothesisContrarytoFact(paras.115-124)PoisoningtheWell
SectionIV(Paras.125-154):theendingofthestory:backfiringofallthearguments(paras.125-152)Thequarrelbetweentheboyandthegirl.
(climaxespeciallyparas.147--150)
(paras.153-154)Modulation(thefallingaction)OrganizationalPatternPart3HypothesisContrarytoFactHypothesiscontrarytofact:drawanysupportableconclusionfromahypothesisthatisnottrue.(事实相反的假设:不合逻辑的推理)IfMadameCuriehadnothappenedtoleaveaphotographicplateinadrawerwithachunkofpitchblende,theworldtodaywouldnotknowaboutradium.E.g.1.IfIhadstudiedhard,Iwoulddefinitelyhavepassedthetest.2.Itaughtyoulogic.So,ifIhadn’ttaughtyoulogic,younever
wouldhavelearnedlogicatall.PoisoningtheWellPoisoningthewell:hashamstrungone’sopponent.(投毒下井:事先否定对方)orspeaking“againsttheman”ratherthantheissue,inwhichthepremisesmayonlymakeapersonalattackonapersonwhoholdssomethesis,insteadofofferinggroundsshowingwhywhathesaysisfalse.Myopponentisanotoriousliar.Youcan’tbelieveawordthatheisgoingtosay.E.g.1.Don’tlistentohim.Heisscoundrel.2.YoumayarguethatGoddoesn'texist,butyouarejustfollowingafad.
3.WeshoulddiscountwhatPremierKleinsaysabouttaxationbecausehewon'tbehurtbytheincrease.
DobieGillis(thenarrator)PollyEspy(thegirl)DeclarationoflovetoPollyPeteyBurchPromisedtobehisGFAraccooncoatThrowgoodmoneyafterBadRefutedallhisargumentsaslogicalfallacies.DetailedStudyoftheText1.“Soundsyummy,”wasPolly’sreaction.(Para.110)
yummy:(Americancolloquialism)echoicofasoundmadeinexpressingpleasureatataste;verytasty;delectableSoundsfine2.“Didyouseethemovie?Oh,itjustknockedmeout.ThatWalterPidgeonissodreamy.Imeanhefracturesme.”(Para.112)
excellent,wonderful,delightfultoevokeastrongreactioninsomeone;tocausetoreactwithenthusiasmIwasexcitedandfilledwithpleasurebythemovie.Thatwell-knownactorWalterPidgeonissowonderfulandhefascinatesme.3.Onemorechance,Idecided.Butjustonemore.Thereisalimittowhatfleshandbloodcanbear.(Para.115)
DetailedStudyoftheTextEllipsisandinversion.IdecidedthatIwouldgiveheronemorechance.Thereisalimittowhatanyhumanbeingcanbear.Impliedmeaning:ifIfailedthistime,Iwouldgiveup.4.“ThenextfallacyiscalledPoisoningtheWell.”(Para.115)
DetailedStudyoftheTextIt’saMetaphor.Thewritercompares“thepersonalattackonapersonholdingsomethesis”to“poisoningthewell”.DetailedStudyoftheText5.Iwatchedhercloselyassheknithercreamybrowinconcentration.Suddenly,aglimmerofintelligence—thefirstIhadseen—cameintohereyes.(Para.118)
todrawthebrowstogether(aswhenthinkinghard)
眉头紧锁,精力集中glimmer:n.afaintunsteadylightorasmalluncertainsign微弱的闪光;微弱的征兆aglimmerofintelligence一线智慧Iwatchedherasshethoughtveryhard.Suddenly,fromhereyesIcouldseeforthefirsttimeasmalluncertainsignshowingshewasbeginningtounderstandtheproblem.DetailedStudyoftheText6.“Right!”Icriedexultantly.“Onehundredpercentright.It’snotfair.Thefirstmanhaspoisonedthewellbeforeanybodycoulddrinkfromit.Hehashamstrunghisopponentbeforehecouldevenstart.…
(Para.119)
exultant:ad.(fml.orlit.)jubilant兴高采烈的hamstring:v.tomake(apersonorgroup)ineffectiveorpowerless;crippleHehasmadehisopponentpowerless/disabledhisopponentbeforehehasthechancetodefendhimself.DetailedStudyoftheText7.HeartenedbytheknowledgethatPollywasnotaltogetheracretin,Ibeganalong,patientreviewofallIhadtoldher.OverandoverandoveragainIcitedinstancespointedoutflaws,kepthammeringawaywithoutlet-up.(Para.123)
v.(oftenpassive)encourage使振作,高兴;鼓励n.(tabooslang)anextremelystupidpersontokeepemphasizingortalkingaboutstopping;relaxingIwasencouragedwhenIknewthatPollywasnotahopelessidiot.SooverandoveragainIgaveexamplesandpointedoutthemistakesinherthinking.Ikeptemphasizingallthiswithoutstopping.DetailedStudyoftheText8.Itwaslikediggingatunnel.Atfirsteverythingwaswork,sweat,anddarkness.IhadnoideawhenIwouldreachthelight,orevenifIwould.ButIpersisted.Ipoundedandclawedandscraped,andfinallyIwasrewarded.Isawachinkoflight.Andthenthechinkgotbiggerandthesuncamepouringinandallwasbright.(Para.123)
Simile,comparinghisteachingtothehardworkofdiggingatunnel.v.scratch,clutch,aswithclaws(nails)抓;挠v.scratch,cutthesurfaceofslightly刮除Atfirstitwasveryhardwork(sweatingandworkinginthedark)butfinallyhesawthelightattheendofthetunnelandknewhehadsucceededindiggingthiswaythrough.AfteralotofhardworkhemanagedtomakePollythinklogically.Whenhewentoutattheotherendofthetunnelhefoundthesunshiningbrightly.Everythinglookedbrightandhappy.DetailedStudyoftheText9.Fivegruelingnightsthistook,butitwasworthit.IhadmadealogicianoutofPolly;(Para.124)
IhadturnedPollyintoalogician.10.Shewasworthyofmeatlast.Shewasafitwifeforme,aproperhostessformymanymansions,asuitablemotherformywell-heeledchildren.(Para.124)
Shewasworthyofmeatlast:This,onceagain,showsthenarrator’sconceit.Pollywasnotgoodenoughtobehiswifeatfirst.(Americanslang)rich,prosperousHerethenarratordescribestherolewhathethinkhiswifeshouldplay.Canyouimaginetheimageofhiswifeaccordingthissentence??DetailedStudyoftheTextHerethenarratordescribestherole,whichhethinks,awifeshouldplay.Firstsheshouldbeaproperhostessofarichmanwhoownsmanymansions.Inotherwordssheshouldbegoodatentertaininghisrichfriendsandclientsandthusfurtherhiscareer.Second,sheshouldbeagoodmotherandproperlylookafterhisrichandprosperouschildren.AngelinthehouseDetailedStudyoftheText11.ItmustnotbethoughtthatIwaswithoutloveforthisgirl.Quitethecontrary.JustasPygmalionlovedtheperfectwomanhehadfashioned,soIlovedmine.(Para.125)
ItmustnotbethoughtthatIwaswithoutloveforthisgirl:doublenegation.Quitethecontrary,Ilovedthisgirl.JustasPygmalionloved…soIlovedmine:Analogy,comparingmyloveofPollytoPygmalion’slovetowardshissculpturework.ItalsoindicatesthatIregardPollyasmypossession;Itakeitforgrantedthatshebelongstome.(Para22)Hedidn’thaveitexactly,butatleasthehadfirstrightsonit.Pygmalion:akingofCyprus(塞浦路斯),wasafamoussculptor.HemadeabeautifulivorystatueofawomanandgaveitthenameofGalatea(加拉泰亚),andfellinlovewithit.Athisprayers,Aphrodite—thegoddessofbeautyandlove(爱神阿芙洛狄忒),gaveitlife.AndGalatea,nowawomaninfleshandblood,becamePygmalion'wife.Aphrodite,cametotheirwedding.[希神]比哥马利恩(塞浦路斯国王;热恋自己雕的少女像)DetailedStudyoftheText12.“Ibegyourpardon,”saidI.(Para.130)
Apoliteformulaofapology,disagreement,etc.Herethenarratorusesthispoliteformulatoexpresshissurpriseanddisbelief.HedidnotknowwhattomakeofPolly’sanswer.Asenseofembarrassment13.Ichuckledwithamusement.Thedearchildhadlearnedherlessonswell.“Mydear,”ISaid,pattingherhandinatolerantmanner,“fivedatesisplenty.Afterall,youdon’thavetoeatawholecaketoknowit’sgood.”(Para.132)
Thisself-conceitedandarrogantfreshmanadoptsaverypatronizing(傲慢的)
attitudetowardsPolly.ThisdearlittlegirlhaslearntverywellwhatItaughther.Hispatronizingnotonlyinspeechandtonebutalsoinaction.Hepattedherhandinsuchawayastoshowthathewastryingtoputupwithsomethinghedidnotespeciallylike.DetailedStudyoftheText14.“Polly,Iloveyou.Youarethewholeworldtome,andthemoonandthestarsandtheconstellationsofouterspace.Please,mydarling,saythatyouwillgosteadywithme,forifyouwillnot,lifewillbemeaningless.Iwilllanguish.Iwillrefusemymeals.Iwillwanderthefaceoftheearth,ashambling,hollow-eyedhulk.”(Para.135)
n.agroupoffixedstarsoftenhavinganamev.towalkawkwardly,draggingthefeetn.aheavy,awkwardperson笨重的东西/人;庞然大物波利,我爱你。你是我的整个世界,我的月亮,我的星星,我的宇宙。亲爱的,请说你要和我坚守在一起吧!不然,我的生活将会失去意义;我将会萎靡不振,茶不思,饭不想;我将成为到处游荡,步履蹒跚,无精打采的躯壳。15.There,Ithought,foldingmyarms,thatoughttodoit.(Para.136)
ThisdirectdeclarationofloveshouldmovePollytoacceptmylove.DetailedStudyoftheText16.Igroundmyteeth.IwasnotPygmalion;IwasFrankenstein,andmymonsterhadmebythethroat.(Para.138)
Igroundmyteeth:anaction,showingextremeexasperation,butstilltryinghardtocontrolhisrisingtemper.hadsb.bythethroat:attackbyseizingandsqueezingone’sthroatIwasnotPygmalion…bythethroat:Thesetwoallusionsarewellchosen.HeplannedtobePygmalion,tofashionanidealwifeforhimself;buthebecameFrankensteinforPolly(hisstudent)ultimatelyrejectedhim(herteacher).Frankenstein:thetitlecharacterinanovelbyShelley.主人公弗兰肯斯坦是一位从事人的生命科学研究的学者,他力图用人工创造出生命。在他的实验室里,通过无数次的探索,他创造了一个面目可憎,奇丑无比的怪物。开始时,这人造的怪物秉性善良,对人充满了善意和感恩之情。他要求他的创造者和人们给予他人生的种种权利,甚至要求为他创造一个配偶,被主人公拒绝了。但是,当他处处受到他的创造者和人们的嫌恶和岐视时,他感到非常痛苦。他憎恨一切,他想毁灭一切。他杀害了弗兰肯斯坦的弟弟威廉,他又企图谋害弗兰肯斯坦的未婚妻伊丽莎白。弗兰肯斯坦怀着满腔怒火追捕他所创造的恶魔般的怪物。最后,在搏斗中,弗兰肯斯坦和怪物同归于尽。本书揭示了作者的哲学观点。她认为人具有双重性格——善与恶。长期受人嫌恶、岐视和迫害会使人变得邪恶而干出种种坏事,甚至发展到不可收拾的地步。
P-78Nowthewordoftenreferstoanagencyoracreatesthatslipsfromthecontrolofandultimatelydestroysitscreator.新的单词Frankenstein:一个最终毁了它的创造者的东西。DetailedStudyoftheText17.FranticallyIfoughtbackthetideofpanicsurgingthroughme.AtallcostsIhadtokeepcool.(Para.138)
DesperatelyItriedtostopthefeelingofpanicthatwasoverwhelmingme.Itried,byeverymeanspossible,tokeepcalm.18.Idashedperspirationfrommybrow.“Polly,”Icroaked,“youmustn’ttakeallthesethingssoliterally.
Imeanthisisjustclassroomstuff.Youknowthatthethingsyoulearninschooldon’thaveanythingtodowithlife.”
(Para.145)exasperationdesperationHeismakingalastattempttowinPolly’slove.“Polly,youmustn’ttakeallthelogicalfallaciesItaughtyouseriouslyasrealfacts.DetailedStudyoftheTextWhydoesthenarratorarguethat“thethingsyoulearninschooldon’thaveanythingtodowithlife”?Doyouagree??AfinaldesperateattempttomakePollyforgetthefallacieshetaughther.HemightyetbeabletoconvincePollythathelovesherandthatsheshouldgosteadywithhim.Youknowthatthe(foolishandworthless)thingsyoulearninschoolhavenorealuseinlife.DetailedStudyoftheText19.Thatdidit.Ileapedtomyfeet,bellowinglikeabull.“Willyouorwillyounotgosteadywithme?”(Para.147)
“That”referstowhathasgonebeforeand“it”referstotheresultorconsequencebroughtaboutby“that”.Inthecontext,“that”referstoPolly’slastanswerand“it”tohislossoftemper,“bellowinglikeabull.”Thatwasthefinalstraw.Thatmademelosemypatience.Simile,comparinghisangryshoutstothebellowingofabull.IgotsoangrythatIjumpedtomyfeetandshouted.20.Ireeledback,overcomewiththeinfamyofit.(Para.151)
Istaggeredback,overcomebythegreatwickednessofPetey’straitorousact.21.Afterhepromised,afterhemadeadeal,afterheshookmyhand!“Therat!Ishrieked,kickingupgreatchunksofturf.“Youcan’tgowithhim,Polly.He’saliar.He’sacheat.He’sarat.”(Para.151)
shookmyhand:Theshakingofhandsconcludesorsealsabargain.Itisthefinalacttoshowthatthedealismade.Afterhemade…myhand:Ellipsis.Hedidhistraitorousactafterhepromised.
DetailedStudyoftheTextmetaphor,comparingPeteytoarat.“Rat”(Americanslang)isusedfordescribingasneaky,contemptiblepersonwhodesertsorbetraysacauseorafriend.Theparallelsentencesshowthenarrator’srageoverPetey’sbetrayal.DetailedStudyoftheText22.Lookatme—abrilliantstudent,atremendousintellectual,amanwithanassuredfuture.LookatPetey—aknot-head,ajitterbug,aguywho’llneverknowwherehisnextmealiscomingfrom.(Para.153)
asafeandsecurefutureanincompetentorstupidperson.referringtoanemotionallyunstablepersonAntithesis.“Brilliant,intellectualandassured”arebalancedagainst“knot-headed,jitterbugandneverknowwherehisnextmealiscomingfrom”.TheEnding—“CanyougivemeonelogicalreasonwhyyoushouldgosteadywithPeteyBurch?”—“Icertainlycan,”declaredPolly.“He’sgotaraccooncoat.”Itshowsthattheboy’sassumptionofwhathisteachingmightbeleadingtohissuccessinhisloveaffairiswrong.Thedenouement(结局)
followsrapidlyandendsonaveryironictone.TheraccooncoatwhichhegavetoPeteyBurchfortheprivilegeofdatinghisgirl,theraccooncoatwhichthenarratordislikedandabhorred,wastheinstrumentofhisu
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