love is a fallacy-part 3 课文分析课件

(paras.109-114)HypothesisContrarytoFact(paras.115-124)PoisoningtheWell

SectionIV(Paras.125-154):theendingofthestory:backfiringofallthearguments(paras.125-152)Thequarrelbetweentheboyandthegirl.

(climaxespeciallyparas.147--150)

(paras.153-154)Modulation(thefallingaction)OrganizationalPatternPart3HypothesisContrarytoFactHypothesiscontrarytofact:drawanysupportableconclusionfromahypothesisthatisnottrue.(事实相反的假设:不合逻辑的推理)IfMadameCuriehadnothappenedtoleaveaphotographicplateinadrawerwithachunkofpitchblende,theworldtodaywouldnotknowaboutradium.E.g.1.IfIhadstudiedhard,Iwoulddefinitelyhavepassedthetest.2.Itaughtyoulogic.So,ifIhadn’ttaughtyoulogic,younever

wouldhavelearnedlogicatall.PoisoningtheWellPoisoningthewell:hashamstrungone’sopponent.(投毒下井:事先否定对方)orspeaking“againsttheman”ratherthantheissue,inwhichthepremisesmayonlymakeapersonalattackonapersonwhoholdssomethesis,insteadofofferinggroundsshowingwhywhathesaysisfalse.Myopponentisanotoriousliar.Youcan’tbelieveawordthatheisgoingtosay.E.g.1.Don’tlistentohim.Heisscoundrel.2.YoumayarguethatGoddoesn'texist,butyouarejustfollowingafad.

3.WeshoulddiscountwhatPremierKleinsaysabouttaxationbecausehewon'tbehurtbytheincrease.

DobieGillis（thenarrator）PollyEspy(thegirl)DeclarationoflovetoPollyPeteyBurchPromisedtobehisGFAraccooncoatThrowgoodmoneyafterBadRefutedallhisargumentsaslogicalfallacies.DetailedStudyoftheText1.“Soundsyummy,”wasPolly’sreaction.(Para.110)

yummy:(Americancolloquialism)echoicofasoundmadeinexpressingpleasureatataste;verytasty;delectableSoundsfine2.“Didyouseethemovie?Oh,itjustknockedmeout.ThatWalterPidgeonissodreamy.Imeanhefracturesme.”(Para.112)

excellent,wonderful,delightfultoevokeastrongreactioninsomeone;tocausetoreactwithenthusiasmIwasexcitedandfilledwithpleasurebythemovie.Thatwell-knownactorWalterPidgeonissowonderfulandhefascinatesme.3.Onemorechance,Idecided.Butjustonemore.Thereisalimittowhatfleshandbloodcanbear.(Para.115)

DetailedStudyoftheTextEllipsisandinversion.IdecidedthatIwouldgiveheronemorechance.Thereisalimittowhatanyhumanbeingcanbear.Impliedmeaning：ifIfailedthistime,Iwouldgiveup.4.“ThenextfallacyiscalledPoisoningtheWell.”(Para.115)

DetailedStudyoftheTextIt’saMetaphor.Thewritercompares“thepersonalattackonapersonholdingsomethesis”to“poisoningthewell”.DetailedStudyoftheText5.Iwatchedhercloselyassheknithercreamybrowinconcentration.Suddenly,aglimmerofintelligence—thefirstIhadseen—cameintohereyes.(Para.118)

todrawthebrowstogether(aswhenthinkinghard)

眉头紧锁，精力集中glimmer:n.afaintunsteadylightorasmalluncertainsign微弱的闪光；微弱的征兆aglimmerofintelligence一线智慧Iwatchedherasshethoughtveryhard.Suddenly,fromhereyesIcouldseeforthefirsttimeasmalluncertainsignshowingshewasbeginningtounderstandtheproblem.DetailedStudyoftheText6.“Right!”Icriedexultantly.“Onehundredpercentright.It’snotfair.Thefirstmanhaspoisonedthewellbeforeanybodycoulddrinkfromit.Hehashamstrunghisopponentbeforehecouldevenstart.…

(Para.119)

exultant:ad.(fml.orlit.)jubilant兴高采烈的hamstring:v.tomake(apersonorgroup)ineffectiveorpowerless;crippleHehasmadehisopponentpowerless/disabledhisopponentbeforehehasthechancetodefendhimself.DetailedStudyoftheText7.HeartenedbytheknowledgethatPollywasnotaltogetheracretin,Ibeganalong,patientreviewofallIhadtoldher.OverandoverandoveragainIcitedinstancespointedoutflaws,kepthammeringawaywithoutlet-up.(Para.123)

v.(oftenpassive)encourage使振作，高兴；鼓励n.(tabooslang)anextremelystupidpersontokeepemphasizingortalkingaboutstopping;relaxingIwasencouragedwhenIknewthatPollywasnotahopelessidiot.SooverandoveragainIgaveexamplesandpointedoutthemistakesinherthinking.Ikeptemphasizingallthiswithoutstopping.DetailedStudyoftheText8.Itwaslikediggingatunnel.Atfirsteverythingwaswork,sweat,anddarkness.IhadnoideawhenIwouldreachthelight,orevenifIwould.ButIpersisted.Ipoundedandclawedandscraped,andfinallyIwasrewarded.Isawachinkoflight.Andthenthechinkgotbiggerandthesuncamepouringinandallwasbright.(Para.123)

Simile,comparinghisteachingtothehardworkofdiggingatunnel.v.scratch,clutch,aswithclaws(nails)抓；挠v.scratch,cutthesurfaceofslightly刮除Atfirstitwasveryhardwork(sweatingandworkinginthedark)butfinallyhesawthelightattheendofthetunnelandknewhehadsucceededindiggingthiswaythrough.AfteralotofhardworkhemanagedtomakePollythinklogically.Whenhewentoutattheotherendofthetunnelhefoundthesunshiningbrightly.Everythinglookedbrightandhappy.DetailedStudyoftheText9.Fivegruelingnightsthistook,butitwasworthit.IhadmadealogicianoutofPolly;(Para.124)

IhadturnedPollyintoalogician.10.Shewasworthyofmeatlast.Shewasafitwifeforme,aproperhostessformymanymansions,asuitablemotherformywell-heeledchildren.(Para.124)

Shewasworthyofmeatlast:This,onceagain,showsthenarrator’sconceit.Pollywasnotgoodenoughtobehiswifeatfirst.(Americanslang)rich,prosperousHerethenarratordescribestherolewhathethinkhiswifeshouldplay.Canyouimaginetheimageofhiswifeaccordingthissentence??DetailedStudyoftheTextHerethenarratordescribestherole,whichhethinks,awifeshouldplay.Firstsheshouldbeaproperhostessofarichmanwhoownsmanymansions.Inotherwordssheshouldbegoodatentertaininghisrichfriendsandclientsandthusfurtherhiscareer.Second,sheshouldbeagoodmotherandproperlylookafterhisrichandprosperouschildren.AngelinthehouseDetailedStudyoftheText11.ItmustnotbethoughtthatIwaswithoutloveforthisgirl.Quitethecontrary.JustasPygmalionlovedtheperfectwomanhehadfashioned,soIlovedmine.(Para.125)

ItmustnotbethoughtthatIwaswithoutloveforthisgirl:doublenegation.Quitethecontrary,Ilovedthisgirl.JustasPygmalionloved…soIlovedmine:Analogy,comparingmyloveofPollytoPygmalion’slovetowardshissculpturework.ItalsoindicatesthatIregardPollyasmypossession;Itakeitforgrantedthatshebelongstome.（Para22）Hedidn’thaveitexactly,butatleasthehadfirstrightsonit.Pygmalion：akingofCyprus（塞浦路斯）,wasafamoussculptor.HemadeabeautifulivorystatueofawomanandgaveitthenameofGalatea（加拉泰亚）,andfellinlovewithit.Athisprayers,Aphrodite—thegoddessofbeautyandlove（爱神阿芙洛狄忒),gaveitlife.AndGalatea,nowawomaninfleshandblood,becamePygmalion'wife.Aphrodite,cametotheirwedding.[希神]比哥马利恩(塞浦路斯国王；热恋自己雕的少女像)DetailedStudyoftheText12.“Ibegyourpardon,”saidI.(Para.130)

Apoliteformulaofapology,disagreement,etc.Herethenarratorusesthispoliteformulatoexpresshissurpriseanddisbelief.HedidnotknowwhattomakeofPolly’sanswer.Asenseofembarrassment13.Ichuckledwithamusement.Thedearchildhadlearnedherlessonswell.“Mydear,”ISaid,pattingherhandinatolerantmanner,“fivedatesisplenty.Afterall,youdon’thavetoeatawholecaketoknowit’sgood.”(Para.132)

Thisself-conceitedandarrogantfreshmanadoptsaverypatronizing（傲慢的）

attitudetowardsPolly.ThisdearlittlegirlhaslearntverywellwhatItaughther.Hispatronizingnotonlyinspeechandtonebutalsoinaction.Hepattedherhandinsuchawayastoshowthathewastryingtoputupwithsomethinghedidnotespeciallylike.DetailedStudyoftheText14.“Polly,Iloveyou.Youarethewholeworldtome,andthemoonandthestarsandtheconstellationsofouterspace.Please,mydarling,saythatyouwillgosteadywithme,forifyouwillnot,lifewillbemeaningless.Iwilllanguish.Iwillrefusemymeals.Iwillwanderthefaceoftheearth,ashambling,hollow-eyedhulk.”(Para.135)

n.agroupoffixedstarsoftenhavinganamev.towalkawkwardly,draggingthefeetn.aheavy,awkwardperson笨重的东西/人；庞然大物波利，我爱你。你是我的整个世界，我的月亮，我的星星，我的宇宙。亲爱的，请说你要和我坚守在一起吧！不然，我的生活将会失去意义；我将会萎靡不振，茶不思，饭不想；我将成为到处游荡，步履蹒跚，无精打采的躯壳。15.There,Ithought,foldingmyarms,thatoughttodoit.(Para.136)

ThisdirectdeclarationofloveshouldmovePollytoacceptmylove.DetailedStudyoftheText16.Igroundmyteeth.IwasnotPygmalion;IwasFrankenstein,andmymonsterhadmebythethroat.(Para.138)

Igroundmyteeth:anaction,showingextremeexasperation,butstilltryinghardtocontrolhisrisingtemper.hadsb.bythethroat:attackbyseizingandsqueezingone’sthroatIwasnotPygmalion…bythethroat:Thesetwoallusionsarewellchosen.HeplannedtobePygmalion,tofashionanidealwifeforhimself;buthebecameFrankensteinforPolly(hisstudent)ultimatelyrejectedhim(herteacher).Frankenstein：thetitlecharacterinanovelbyShelley.主人公弗兰肯斯坦是一位从事人的生命科学研究的学者，他力图用人工创造出生命。在他的实验室里，通过无数次的探索，他创造了一个面目可憎，奇丑无比的怪物。开始时，这人造的怪物秉性善良，对人充满了善意和感恩之情。他要求他的创造者和人们给予他人生的种种权利，甚至要求为他创造一个配偶,被主人公拒绝了。但是，当他处处受到他的创造者和人们的嫌恶和岐视时，他感到非常痛苦。他憎恨一切，他想毁灭一切。他杀害了弗兰肯斯坦的弟弟威廉，他又企图谋害弗兰肯斯坦的未婚妻伊丽莎白。弗兰肯斯坦怀着满腔怒火追捕他所创造的恶魔般的怪物。最后，在搏斗中，弗兰肯斯坦和怪物同归于尽。本书揭示了作者的哲学观点。她认为人具有双重性格——善与恶。长期受人嫌恶、岐视和迫害会使人变得邪恶而干出种种坏事，甚至发展到不可收拾的地步。

P-78Nowthewordoftenreferstoanagencyoracreatesthatslipsfromthecontrolofandultimatelydestroysitscreator.新的单词Frankenstein：一个最终毁了它的创造者的东西。DetailedStudyoftheText17.FranticallyIfoughtbackthetideofpanicsurgingthroughme.AtallcostsIhadtokeepcool.(Para.138)

DesperatelyItriedtostopthefeelingofpanicthatwasoverwhelmingme.Itried,byeverymeanspossible,tokeepcalm.18.Idashedperspirationfrommybrow.“Polly,”Icroaked,“youmustn’ttakeallthesethingssoliterally.

Imeanthisisjustclassroomstuff.Youknowthatthethingsyoulearninschooldon’thaveanythingtodowithlife.”

(Para.145)exasperationdesperationHeismakingalastattempttowinPolly’slove.“Polly,youmustn’ttakeallthelogicalfallaciesItaughtyouseriouslyasrealfacts.DetailedStudyoftheTextWhydoesthenarratorarguethat“thethingsyoulearninschooldon’thaveanythingtodowithlife”?Doyouagree??AfinaldesperateattempttomakePollyforgetthefallacieshetaughther.HemightyetbeabletoconvincePollythathelovesherandthatsheshouldgosteadywithhim.Youknowthatthe(foolishandworthless)thingsyoulearninschoolhavenorealuseinlife.DetailedStudyoftheText19.Thatdidit.Ileapedtomyfeet,bellowinglikeabull.“Willyouorwillyounotgosteadywithme?”(Para.147)

“That”referstowhathasgonebeforeand“it”referstotheresultorconsequencebroughtaboutby“that”.Inthecontext,“that”referstoPolly’slastanswerand“it”tohislossoftemper,“bellowinglikeabull.”Thatwasthefinalstraw.Thatmademelosemypatience.Simile,comparinghisangryshoutstothebellowingofabull.IgotsoangrythatIjumpedtomyfeetandshouted.20.Ireeledback,overcomewiththeinfamyofit.(Para.151)

Istaggeredback,overcomebythegreatwickednessofPetey’straitorousact.21.Afterhepromised,afterhemadeadeal,afterheshookmyhand!“Therat!Ishrieked,kickingupgreatchunksofturf.“Youcan’tgowithhim,Polly.He’saliar.He’sacheat.He’sarat.”(Para.151)

shookmyhand:Theshakingofhandsconcludesorsealsabargain.Itisthefinalacttoshowthatthedealismade.Afterhemade…myhand:Ellipsis.Hedidhistraitorousactafterhepromised.

DetailedStudyoftheTextmetaphor,comparingPeteytoarat.“Rat”(Americanslang)isusedfordescribingasneaky,contemptiblepersonwhodesertsorbetraysacauseorafriend.Theparallelsentencesshowthenarrator’srageoverPetey’sbetrayal.DetailedStudyoftheText22.Lookatme—abrilliantstudent,atremendousintellectual,amanwithanassuredfuture.LookatPetey—aknot-head,ajitterbug,aguywho’llneverknowwherehisnextmealiscomingfrom.(Para.153)

asafeandsecurefutureanincompetentorstupidperson.referringtoanemotionallyunstablepersonAntithesis.“Brilliant,intellectualandassured”arebalancedagainst“knot-headed,jitterbugandneverknowwherehisnextmealiscomingfrom”.TheEnding—“CanyougivemeonelogicalreasonwhyyoushouldgosteadywithPeteyBurch?”—“Icertainlycan,”declaredPolly.“He’sgotaraccooncoat.”Itshowsthattheboy’sassumptionofwhathisteachingmightbeleadingtohissuccessinhisloveaffairiswrong.Thedenouement（结局）

followsrapidlyandendsonaveryironictone.TheraccooncoatwhichhegavetoPeteyBurchfortheprivilegeofdatinghisgirl,theraccooncoatwhichthenarratordislikedandabhorred,wastheinstrumentofhisu