中考英语二轮复习课件被动语态总复习

.

ThePassiveVoice

（被动语态中考复习）文综之家

一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语宾变主,主变宾,前加by主动语态被动语态被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者二，主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语----即动作的承受者They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.are3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词

made5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语/宾语.bytheminthatfactory.

1.Tom

broke

thewindow.

Thewindow

wasbroken

byTom.

2.He

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byhim.

Be要随着主语变逻辑主语by来引三，被动语态的大体构成：

Be+done（过去分词）助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。四、被动语态的用法

1.当不知道谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态。如：Hisbikehasbeenstolen.他的自行车被人偷走了。2.在没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态。如：Chinawasliberatedin1949.中国是一九四九年解放的。3.强调或突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。如：Theplanhasalreadybeenmade.计划已经制订好了4，用被动语态时，如需同时指出动作的执行者，可用“介词by＋动词执行者(宾格)”这一结构。如：MidnightwaswrittenbyMaoDun.《子夜》是茅盾写的。五，各种时态的被动情况：一般现在时：一般过去时：现在进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：过去完成时：一般将来时：过去将来时：情态动词变被动：am/is/aredonewas/weredoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendoneshall/willbedonebegoingtobedonewould/should+be+done情态动词+be+done一般现在时：am/is/aredone一般过去时：was/weredone现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：was/werebeingdone现在完成时：have/hasbeendone过去完成时：hadbeendone一般将来时：shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为can/must/haveto…bedoneHeisregardedasabrilliant.

他被认为很有才气。Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.

这本书是1969年写成的。Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.

那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.

他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.这支钢笔已经用了几年。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他说这家工厂已经开张。Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.

这孩子必须被好好照顾。1.They

make

shoes

inthatfactory.

主语+及物动词+宾语Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.六，各种时态变为被动语态（巩固）一般现在时被动结构：

am/is/are+doneExercise:Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.Exercise:WecallthesnowmanMr.Strong.ThesnowmaniscalledMr.Strong.Thebottle__________(fill)withhotwater.

瓶子里装满了热水。2.Cameras_________(use)fortakingphotos.

相机是用来照相的.isfilledareused一般过去时被动结构：

was/were+done

Exercise:He

boughtsomefruitsyesterday.Somefruitswereboughtyesterday.3.Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkersnow.现在进行时被动结构：

am/is/are+being+doneExercise:They

areholding

asportsmeetingnow.Asportsmeeting

isbeingheld

(bythem)now.Exercise:Theyareplayingvolleyballnow.Volleyballisbeingplayed(bythem)now4.She

wasinterviewing

thefamousmanatthistimeyesterday.Thefamousmanwasbeinginterviewedbyher

过去进行时被动结构：

was/were+being+doneExercise:Hewasplayingbasketballat8:00lastnight.Basketballwasbeingplayedat8:00yesterday.5.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时被动结构：

will+be+doneTheyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow.begoingto+be+doneExercise:Thegirlwillfinishherhomeworkintwentyminutes.Herhomeworkwillbefinished(bythegirl)intwentyminutes.6.Hesaidtheworkers

wouldbuild

anewschoolintwoweeks.Hesaidanewschool

wouldbebuiltintwoweeks.过去将来时被动构成：

would+be+doneThey

wouldhave

apartythenextday.Aparty

wouldbehad

(bythem)thenextday.7.Aby

cantakegoodcareof

Tina

．Tina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAby.情态动词变被动：情态动词+be+doneExercise:Hemaycarrythebasketeasily.Thebasketmaybe

easilycarriedbyhim.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.

havemade

twentykeys．Twentykeys

havebeenmade

byus.现在完成时被动结构：

have/has+been+doneExercise:Workers

havebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago.Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago.9.We

hadseen

thisfilmbeforeyoucamehere.Thisfilm

hadbeenseen

byusbeforeyoucamehere.过去完成时被动结构：

had+been+doneExercise:Thedoctorknewthathehadknownhisproblem.—Thedoctorknewthathisproblemhadbeenknownbyhim.七，自我检测一、请写出下列动词的过去分词beenbegun

blown

brokenbrought

built

burnt/burned

bought

caught

chosen

cut

done15.send____________16.show____________17.eat____________18.find____________19.forget____________20.give____________21.take____________22.grow____________23.hear____________sentshowneaten

found

forgottengiven

taken24.hit____________25.hold____________26.hurt____________27.keep____________28.know____________29.lay____________30.leave____________31.lend____________32.let____________

grown

heard

hit

held

hurt

kept

known

laid

left

lent

let33.lie____________34.lose____________35.make____________36.pay____________37.put____________38.say____________39.see____________40.sell____________

lied/lain

lost

made

paid

put

said

seensold二.选择填空:Windows

ofglass.bemadeB.ismadeC.aremadeD.beenmade2.Thehouse

in2004.isbuiltB.isbuildingC.wasbuiltD.used3.Acoatcan

forkeepingwarm.beusedB.isusedC.beenusedD.usedCCA4.Watches____Shanghai.A.aremadeinB.ismadeC.aremadefromD.made5.Thisdeskismade_____wood.A.ofB.fromC.inD.by6.Thethingsonshowwere____theolddays.A.usedB.usedtoC.usedforD.usedin7.Silk_____inHangzhouandSuzhouA.isproducedB.areproducedC.producedD.isproducesAADA

三，根据汉语写英语1.Ourschool_____＿＿＿＿in2002.(开办)2.Theyoungtreesmust__________________well.(照顾)3._____thisbuilding_________(建成)lastyear?4.Thebook____________(写)byhimlastyear.5.Thebridge______________(不建造)in1989..6.The29thOlympicGameswill__________(举行)inBeijingin2008.wasopened

belookedafterWasbuilt

waswrittenwasn’tbuiltbeheld八，带有双宾语的动词变为被动歌谣：原句若是双宾语，一变主来一保宾。间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。直宾要把主语变，间宾前加to或for。1.Iwasgivenabookbyhim.(间宾作主）He

gave

me

abook.(变被动）主语谓语间宾直宾2.Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Mymother

bought

me

abirthdaycake.

主语谓语间宾直宾1.Iwasboughtabirthdaycakebymymother.2.Abirthdaycakewasbought

forme

bymymother.变为被动时，间宾前加to的带有双宾语的动词有：14个bring,teach,pass,hand,give,lend,refuse,leave,promise,tell,return,show,send,write.变为被动时，间宾前加for的带有双宾语的动词有：5个buy,get,do,pay,sing.Bob

sent

Kate

aletterlastyear.=Kate

wassent

aletter

byBoblastyear.=Aletter

wassent

toKate

byBoblastyear.tellaskbringwritegiveteachpasslend…toHetoldJimastory.九，一感二听三让四看变被动feel/hearlisten/makehavelet/lookseewatchnotice这十大动词在主动句中动词用原形，但在变为被动语态时必须加上to(1)seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.hear/watch/….(2)Weoftenhear

themsingthissong.Theyareoftenheardtosingthissong(byus).Thissong

isoftenheard(byus)tobesung(bythem).(3)Mummademeanewdress.Iwasmade

anewdressbyMum.Anewdress

wasmade

for

mebyMum.makebuydraw…forIboughtmybrotherabook.注意:约翰打开了收音机。Johnturnedontheradio.Theradiowasturnedon.奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandmatakescareofmysister.Mysisteristakencareof

byGrandma.注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely.类似的还有：

Itisreported/believed/hoped/supposedthat......Wereport1).不及物动词没有被动语态。

*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.

*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike.

十，不用被动语态的几种情况：不用被动语态的几种情况：2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have/fitIhaveaTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。不用被动语态的几种情况：4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态这鱼味道很好。这条围巾摸上去很软。Thefish

tastes

good.Thescarf

feels

soft.5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：

【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter

6.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。Thebook

sells

well.Thiskindofcloth

washesverywell.这书卖完了。Thebook

issold

out.十一，判断对错1.必须照看好孩子们。Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare.()Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.()2.这本书是鲁迅写的。ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun.()ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.()3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterday.()Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.()WRWRWR4.这辆自行车能修吗？Canthisbikemended?()Canthisbikebemended?()5.街道已由他们清理了。Thestreethasbeencleanedbythey.()Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem.()WRWR1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）十二，加深印象3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthe

floor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebook

intime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.wasmade