浙江大学英语4分析解析

浙江大学英语4分析解析第1页/共60页第2页/共60页Careerplanningdoesnotnecessarilyfollowroutineorlogicalsteps.

Introduction

(Para.1)Students’weaknessesincareerplanning

(Para.2)第3页/共60页Complacency—ignoringchallenginginformationB.Defensiveavoidance—resortingtowishfulthinkingordaydreaming.Seriousflawsinthewaysofdecisionmaking(Para.3-5)C.Hypervigilance—searchingfranticallyforcareerpossibilitiesandseizingonhastilyinventedsolutions第4页/共60页

Keys

to

career

planning

(Para.6-11)StudyoneselfB.Writeone’scareergoalsdown.C.Reviewone’splansandprogress

periodicallywithanotherperson.D.Ifonepersonchoosesacareerthatdoesnotfithim,hecanstartover.第5页/共60页Fewchangesinvolvedownwardmovement;mostinvolvegettingahead.

Changesincareers(Para.12-13)Conclusion

(Para.14-15)B.Jobchangesandcareershiftsoccuratallages.Althoughthereisnosurewaytomakecareerplansworkout,therearethingsthatanyonecandonowtoshapeone’scareerpossibilities.第6页/共60页第7页/共60页佳句欣赏本句中三个动名词短语:

gathering…,

estimating…,choosing…都作动词includes

的宾语，说明“职业规划”要涉及的三种行为。这三个连续的动名词短语使句子意义表达更充分连贯。include

后接v.-ing

形式。最后一个动词短语中，关系代词that

引导定语从句修饰

alternatives。译文

Career

planningincludesgatheringinformationaboutourselvesandaboutoccupations,

estimating

theprobableoutcomesofvariouscoursesofaction,andfinally,

choosing

alternativesthatwefindattractiveandfeasible.(Line5)第8页/共60页解决办法包括与海外花卉种植商合作，而不是要与他们竞争；设置几个批发中心来销售进口玫瑰；扩大他们的经营领域同时兼做海外花卉生产者的代理商。教师首先要考虑的事情之一是唤起学生的兴趣，激发他们的创造性。The

solutions

include

working

withforeignflowergrowersinsteadoffightingthem,

having

afewdistributioncenterstosellimportedroses,

widening

theirbusinessareaand

beinga

representativeforoverseasflowerproducers.

Ateacher’sprioritiesincludeexcitingstudents’interestsandstimulatingtheircreativity.Example第9页/共60页译文

Career

planningincludesgatheringinformationaboutourselvesandaboutoccupations,

estimating

theprobableoutcomesofvariouscoursesofaction,andfinally,

choosing

alternativesthatwefindattractiveandfeasible.(Line5)

进行择业规划，要收集有关我们自身以及职业的信息资料，估计采取各种举动可能出现的结果，最后做出我们认为有吸引力并且可行的选择。第10页/共60页难句分析句子的主要结构为

Theyciteevidence。从属连词

that

引导四个名词性从句，作宾语evidence

的同位语。译文

Theyciteevidencethat(1)moststudentschoose

from

amongaverynarrowgroupofoccupations;(2)asmanyas40to60percentchooseprofessionaloccupations,…toexpressanychoiceofoccupation.

(Para.2L2)第11页/共60页难句分析choosefromamong从……中选择。介词from可与副词或介词短语搭配，如：fromabove,fromacross,from

behind,from

below,frominside,from

under,from

within,from

out

of等。译文

Theyciteevidencethat(1)moststudentschoose

from

amongaverynarrowgroupofoccupations;(2)asmanyas40to60percentchooseprofessionaloccupations,…toexpressanychoiceofoccupation.

(Para.2L2)第12页/共60页Example我们从所有好吃的食品中挑选茶点吃，后来又吃了水果馅饼和圣诞蛋糕。Forteawe’d

choosefromamong

allthedeliciousfood,followedbyfruitpiesandChristmascake.声音从门后传来。Asound

comesfrom

behind

thedoor.第13页/共60页句中的asmanyas在句中起强调作用，意思是“多达”，省略该部分句子结构仍然完整。相似的句子见课文中：Ithasbeenestimatedthat

asmanyas

oneoutoffourmaleworkers…changetheirlinesofwork.(LinePara.13L2))Example世界卫生组织说全世界有多达一亿的人口可能具有导致艾滋病的病毒。The

WorldHealthOrganizationsays

asmanyas10millionpersonsintheworldmayhavethevirusthatcausesAIDS.第14页/共60页译文

许多观察家指出学生在择业规划方面不是很在行。他们列出了以下事实：1)大部分学生选择职业的范围很窄；2)多达40%至60%的学生选择专业性的职业……。

Theyciteevidencethat(1)moststudentschoosefromamongaverynarrowgroupofoccupations;(2)asmanyas40to60percentchooseprofessionaloccupations,…toexpressanychoiceofoccupation.

(Para.2L2)第15页/共60页语法训练“Whenconfrontedwith…”是省略形式的状语从句，省略的部分是从句的主语和部分谓语be,即“theyare”。“连词+过去分词/现在分词/形容词”作状语时常用省略形式，这些连词可以是when,though/although,as

if/as

though,if,even

if,once,unless,until等。译文

Whenconfronted

withadecisionandunabletobelievetheycanfindanacceptablesolution,somepeopleremaincalmbyresortingtowishfulthinkingordaydreaming.(Para.4L2))

第16页/共60页Example这幢建筑完成后会很好看。书一出版就引起了轰动。Thisbuildingwilllooknice

whenfinished.Oncepublished,thebookcausedaremarkablestir.

他在中国学习时对京剧产生了兴趣。Whilestudying

inChina,hebecameinterestedinBeijingOpera.第17页/共60页请完成下面的句子。Exercise______________________________(他一被任命为最高统帅之后),hetookthesternmeasuresexpectedofhim.Onceappointedsupremecommander________________________(尽管并不富有),

theBlakesarereadytohelpothers.Though(theyare)poor______________________(当我正做作业时),myfathercameinandinterruptedme.WhenIwasdoingmyhomework第18页/共60页译文

每当面临抉择而又自认为找不到合适的解决方法时，一些人或想入非非或做白日梦，以此来保持平静。

Whenconfronted

withadecisionandunabletobelievetheycanfindanacceptablesolution,somepeopleremaincalmbyresortingtowishfulthinkingordaydreaming.第19页/共60页句型应用

Butcareerplanningshouldhelpyoutoapproachandcopebetterwithnewproblems,suchasdeciding

whetherornotto

entereducationalortrainingprograms,decidingwhetherornottochangejobs,…aperson.

(Para.14L5)

suchas引导的动名词短语举例说明前面的new

problems。whetherornot插在不定式短语前表示取决与否。whetherornot除了常用于引导名词性从句及让步状语从句外，也可直接放在不定式前表示选择。译文第20页/共60页Example他不能决定是否要回家。帕特和家人在一起很不自在，不知是否要宣布他的事。Hecouldn’tdecidewhetherornottoreturnhome.Patfeltillateasewithhisfamily,wonderingwhetherornottoannouncehisnews.第21页/共60页译文

但是，择业规划能够帮助你面对或更好地处理新的问题，诸如决定是否要接受某方面的教育或培训，是否要更换工作，还能帮助你分析所面临的困境或与某人交往中所存在的困难。

Butcareerplanningshouldhelpyoutoapproachandcopebetterwithnewproblems,suchasdeciding

whetherornotto

entereducationalortrainingprograms,decidingwhetherornottochangejobs,…aperson.

第22页/共60页第23页/共60页placeweighton

(Line2,Para.1)

attachimportanceto

重视Don’t

placeanyweighton

theserumors.他并没太重视朋友的建议。He

didn’tplacemuchweighton

hisfriends’suggestions.别把这些谣言当回事。Translation第24页/共60页你的计划听起来颇为行得通。

仅靠一份地图就能骑自行车游遍这个城市吗？Isitfeasibletotravelaroundthecitybybikewithonlyamap?Yourplansoundsquite

feasible.Translationfeasible

(adj.)

(Line9,Para.1)

abletobedone;possible

可行的，可能的第25页/共60页achievable

possible

practical reasonable workable反义词：

impossible impractical词汇扩充第26页/共60页她在减少浪费方面很有办法。在职业培训后不久他就成长为一名高效的股票经纪人(stockbroker)。Hegrewintoanefficientstockbrokersoonafterthecareertraining.Shewasveryefficientinreducingwaste.Translationefficient

(adj.)(Line2,Para.2)

workingwell,quickly,and

withoutwaste

效率高的，有能力的，能胜任的第27页/共60页同义词：

capable

（能干的）

,competent

（有竞争力的）

effective

（有效的）

proficient

（熟练的，精通的）

skillful

（灵巧的）反义词：

incompetent（无竞争力的）

inefficient

（低效的）词汇扩充第28页/共60页efficient

用于指人或工具、机器工作时效率高effective

用于指措施、方法等高效词汇比较疗效很好的药

an_______medicine有效措施

an_______measure能干的秘书

an_______secretary请选择

efficient

或

effective

的适当形式填空。efficient称职的经理

an_______managerefficienteffectiveeffectiveExercise第29页/共60页除了不够幽默之外，他简直是完美的。你没有看出他论点中的谬误吗？Didn’tyouspottheflawinhisargument?Heisalmostperfectexceptfortheflawofbeingnothumorousenough.Translationflaw

(n.)(Line2,Para.3)mistake,mark,orweaknessthatmakessomethingimperfect

缺点，瑕疵，缺陷第30页/共60页近义词：

fault

（人的）过错；（物的）毛病词汇比较imperfection不完整性,不足;缺点,缺陷mistake 错误 shortcoming缺点weakness

,弱点第31页/共60页请选择

fault,imperfection,mistake,shortcoming或

weakness

的适当形式填空。Exercise“这是我的责任，不是你的责任。”“The_____lieswithme,notwithyou.”因为对英语懂得不完全，他失去了这份工作。Helostthejobbecauseofthe___________ofEnglish.不守时间是他最大的短处。Notbeingpunctualishisgreatest___________.shortcoming我们大家都有些小短处。Weallhaveourlittle__________.weaknessesfaultimperfection侍者把帐单弄错了。Thewaitermakea________overthebill.mistake第32页/共60页atstake

(Line12,Para.3)inasituationwheresomethingvaluablemightbelostifaplanoractionisnotsuccessful

濒于险境，处于成败关头stake:柱，火刑柱请完成下面的句子。Exercise这家公司濒临破产，数百名职员的工作危在旦夕。Thecompanyisonthevergeofbankruptcy,and________________________.hundredsofjobsareatstake他承认他的政治生涯正遭到威胁。Headmitsthat______________________.hispoliticallifeisatstake第33页/共60页Youcannotimaginethefinancialimplicationofthiseducational

reform.

他微笑了,暗示着不相信我。Hesmiled,withtheimplicationthathedidn’tbelieveme.你无法想象这场教育改革的经济影响。Translationimplication(n.)(Line7,Para.4)1)apossiblefutureeffectorresult

可能的影响、后果

2)somethingyoudonotsaydirectlybutyouseemtowantpeopletobelieve暗示；含义第34页/共60页词汇扩充动词：imply

toexpressindirectly;suggest暗指;暗示拒绝回答意味着犯有错误。沉默有时暗示着同意。Silencesometimesimpliesconsent.Refusaltoanswerimpliesguilt.

Translation第35页/共60页Thechildrenpanickedatthesoundoftheterrorists’guns.剧院失火时，引起一阵恐慌。

Whenthetheatercaughtfire,therewasapanic.恐怖分子的枪炮声使孩子们惊恐。Translationpanic(Line4,Para.5)n.[C;U](astateof)suddenuncontrollablefearorterror

惊慌；恐慌

v.causetofeelfearorterror

害怕，惊恐不安第36页/共60页同义词：

horror terror scare fear 反义词：

assuranceconfidence词汇扩充第37页/共60页他们在这个国家已经居住10年了，但从来没有真正与环境融合起来。教师们正设法使所有的孩子都与社会融为一体。Theteachersaretryingtointegrateallthechildrenintosociety.They’velivedinthiscountryfor10yearsbuthaveneverreallyintegrated.Translationintegrate(v.)(Line12,Para.8)1)(+into/with)

（使）结合；（使）成为一体

2)成为社团的一部分第38页/共60页接受治疗经历困苦Hewhowantstosucceedmustundergodifficultiesandbitternessfirst.Sheisundergoingtreatmentatthehospital.undergo(v.)(Line6,Para.10)experience(esp.sufferingordifficulty)经历，忍受请用提示词造句。Exercise第39页/共60页近义词：

bear：普通用语。泛指负担或忍受精神、肉体上的各种痛苦。多用于否定和疑问句，常与

can,could

连用。词汇比较endure：正式用语。多用于否定句，特指忍受较大、较长时间的磨难。stand：与bear

意同。口头用语。多用于否定句或疑问句。肯定句中其正面意义更强。suffer：正式用语。常指被迫承受某件令人痛苦或有害的事，多用于承受抽象事物。第40页/共60页请选择

bear,endure,stand或

suffer

的适当形式填空。ExerciseIcan’t_______herunreasonableactionanylonger.Indiais________greatlyfromover-population.Shejustcouldnot_____withsuchinsults.bearHesuccessfully______theseveretest.stoodenduresuffering第41页/共60页pursue(v.)(Line9,Para.11)1)从事或忙于某事

2)追捕，追击，紧随……之后

3)追求，寻求理解以下句子中pursue

的具体含义。ExerciseHepursuedtherivertoitssource.Hefelttheireyespursuinghim.Hisgreatestpleasureistohelpotherstopursue

pleasurefrom

life.寻找(快乐)Wehavealwayspursuedafriendlypolicytowardsthepeopleallovertheworld.奉行(友好政策)

沿着(河流)老是跟着(他)第42页/共60页近义词：

chase：指对逃逸的人或动物加以追捕，也指以驱赶为目的而进行的追逐。常带有不友好的意味，但也可指出于嬉闹的追赶。词汇比较follow：常用词，含义最广。不含褒贬的意味，也可表示时间、次序的顺接。pursue：表示紧追不舍直到成功。也可用于引申意义。第43页/共60页请选择

chase,follow或

pursue

的适当形式填空。ExerciseHe_______hisstudieswithseriousness.Thepolice______theescapingthiefandcaughthimatlast.He________herlikeashadow.followedpursuedchased第44页/共60页第45页/共60页followroutineorlogicalsteps15percentoftheworkforceprofessionaloccupations遵照常规的或合乎逻辑的步骤15%的从业人员专业性的职业Youngmenshowastrikinglackofinterestinclerical,sales,andserviceoccupations.男青年对文书、销售以及服务性行业兴趣索然。第46页/共60页Thebestcopingbehaviorisvigilance.Youshouldexamineyourstrengthsandweaknesses.最好的做法就是眼观六路，耳听八方。你应该审视自己的长处与弱点。Organizeideasaboutyourcareerdevelopment.把对自己事业发展的设想归纳起来。unclearandhalf-formedideas模糊、不成熟的想法第47页/共60页KeytoPostReadingExercise第48页/共60页2.UnderstandingSpecificInformation1)T2)T 3)F4)T5)F 6)T 7)T 8)T9)T10)F第49页/共60页Vocabulary1.Thisprocedureshouldbeperformed___________(定期地）toconfirmintegrityofthecircuit.2.Whatissoimpressiveabouttheircompanyisthe_____________(效率）oftheservicetothepublic.3.Thisfilmoffersan________(洞察）intotheeverydaylivesofmillionsofordinaryRussiancitizens.4.Hisdrinkingandpoorbehaviorshows________(不稳定性）ofcharacter.5.ManypeopleworkwithEnglish,eitheronadministrativecommercial,or__________(文书的）jobs.periodicallyefficiencyinsightinstabilityclerical第50页/共60页6.Medical________(评价)ofsuchacomplexproblemwillcostalotofmoney.7.Thecompanycanonlyblameitselfforentirely___________(可预见的）messthatitisnowin.8.This__________(具有挑战性的）bookisoneofthemostthought-provokingthatI’veeverread.9.Theteachersaretryingto__________(把……融入）allthechildrenintosociety.10.Theyareworkingontheperfectionoftheirnewpaint_________(配方）.evaluationforeseeablechallengingintegrateformula第51页/共60页2.Completethefollowingsentenceswithappropriatephrasesfromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.1.Ihavethekey_________wewanttogoinside.2.______________,shespendsaweekendinLondon.3.Hispunishingworkschedulehadmadehim__________drugs.4.Let’s_____________theproblemwithourteacherincaseEverysooftenresorttotalkover第52页/共60页5.Maybewecanforgetwhathashappenedand____________.6.Theywereclaimingrecordprofitswhen,___________,thecompanywasclosetobankruptcy.7.Ifwelosethecontract,hundredsofjobsare____________.8.He_________thesuggestionasawayofgettingoutofhisfinancialdifficulties.9.Thebankhasofferedarewardforanyinformation_________thearrestoftheman.10.Aftertwoyearsspentteachingabroad,shereturnedhomeforamonthto____________herlife.startoverinrealityatstakeseizedonleadingtotakestockof第53页/共60页Completethefollowingpassagewithappropriatewordsfromthebox.Cvided6.who7.such8.needed9.opportunities10.when11.to12.Ccating第54页/共60页Translation

CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseinbracketsintoEnglish1.________________(我过去喜欢摄影）butInowhavenotimetopursueanyhobbies.2.______________________(没有一种可确信的方式来预测）whowilldevelopasthmaandwhowon’t.3.Todayneurobiologistsnolongerargueabout______________________________.(大脑能否生成新细胞）4.“Idon’tloveacting__