四级语法全程1口语

Q1口语是必考还是选考？Q2是否需要达到一定的笔试分数才能报名口试？Q3口试和笔试同一天考吗？1511Q4:口试报名时间？2Q5口试怎么报名？ 点击<CET口试报名>栏进行报名，也可以安装CET手机app，完成报名。：50。特别说明：、、云南、重庆的考生必须按照本省规定时间和方法进行报考。口试报名结束大概1周后（最近一次口试准考证的领取时间:2016/11/99时开 或app自行打印准考证。口试成绩与同一次笔试成绩同时发布。20161120172月说明：56月笔试视为同一考次四、六级考试，1112月笔试3Q8可以单独报考口试吗？Q9可以单独报考笔试吗？Q10六级口试吗？Q12可以报完笔试和口试，只考口试不考笔试吗？Q13口试是机考还是跟考官面对面考？Q14口试是一个考生考还是两个考生同时考？4 大四试试（Self201（Read准备：452（Question&考生回答2个与所朗读的短3（Individual提示作1分钟发言准备：454（PairTask1ReadInthistask,youaretoreadaloudashortpassage.Youwillhave45secondstogooverthepassageand1minutetoreaditaloud.Nowhereisthepassage.ManypeoplewouldlistSanFranciscoasoneofthemostdelightfulcitiesintheworld.SittingonthePacificcoast,itgivesyouafeelingofthesea.Theseabreezeswakeyouupandmakeyoueatwellandsleepwell.Thecitywasnnedwithstraightroads,andtheseroadscrosseachotheratrightangles,makingsquaresastheydoinmanyAmericancities.Veryoftenyoucanfindyourselfontopofahillinthecity,lookingdownoneofthesestraightroadsasitrisesandfallsonitsjourneythroughthetown.Agoodwaytotraveltheseroadsisbycablecar.Thesearebusesthatrunonrailsinthegroundupanddownthesteephills.Task2QuestionandInthistask,youaretoanswertwoquestions.Foreachquestion,youwillhave20secondstorespond.Pleasestartspeakingonhearingthebeep.5Question1:WhatwouldmanypeoplethinkofSanFranciscoaccordingtothepassage?(考生A和B同时回答，时间20秒)QuestionWhichcityindoyoulikemost?Andwhy?(考生A和B同时回答，时间20秒)Task3IndividualInthistask,youaretotalkaboutthepicturedisyedonthescreen.Youwillhave45secondstoprepareand1minutetotalkaboutit.Nowhereisthepicture.45Nowpleasestartspeakingonhearingthebeep.(考生A和B同时回答，时间1分钟)Task4PairInthistask,youaretotalkwithyourpartneraboutanoftravel.Supposeyouhavethreedaystogosightseeingtogether.Talkwitheachotherandmakeanforyourtrip.Yournmayinclude:ce(s)tovisitmeansof6Youwillhave1minutetoprepareandthreeminutestotalk.Remember,thisisapairactivityandyouneedtoinctwitheachother.Yourperformancewillbejudgedaccordingtoyourcontributiontothepairwork.Nowpleasestarttoprepare.Yournmayinclude:ce(s)tovisitmeansoftransportation1Nowpleasestartyourtalkonhearingthebeep.(考生A和B讨论，时间3分钟)7级级改巧Warmingup—SelfIntroductionStep1Makeanoutlineofyourself-introductionStateyournameintheveryfirstsentenceofyour“Goodafternoon!MynameisDeshawnSmith,andIamacomputerprogrammingstudentattheUniversityofArkansas.”I’mDavidandIam20yearsold.IcomefromBeijing.Ihavebeenstudyingeconomyfor2yearsandIthinkitisfun.Iamopen-minded,quickinthoughtandfondofhistory.Inmysparetime,Ihavebroadinterestslikereadingbooks,especiallybooksrelatedtohistoricalevents.MentionyoureducationorprofessionaltrainingbackgroundifitisrelatedorThisisthefifthappI’vedesigned.Mysecondappwhichhelpedpeoplelocatedogparksnearthem,wonanawardatmyuniversity.*Step2ConveyyourcapabilitiesandHighlightthequalities,skillsandexperienceyouhavethataremostrelevantfortheaudienceandoccasion.Becauseofmybackgroundinappwritingandmyextensivenetworkorprofessionalconnections,Ihaveastronggraspofwhattoday’syoungprofessionalsarelookingfor.Myappofferconvenienceandimmediategratification.Ifeelthatmystrongestassetismyabilitytosticktothingstogetthemdone.Ifeelarealsenseof plishmentwhenIfinishajobthatturnsoutjustasI’dnned.I’vesetsomehighgoalsformyself.Forexample,Iwanttograduatewithhighestdistinction.AndeventhoughIhadaslowstartinmyfreshmanyear,Imadeupforitbynganhonor’s8Iamproficientintheoperationofawidevarietyofphotographic,,andaudioequipment.Iamregularlyresponsibleforprocessing,duplicating,andsettingupslidepresentations,aswellassynchronizedslideandaudiopresentations.*Step3SetyourselfapartfromyourSimultaneouslydemonstrateyourskillsandexperience,whilepresentingyourselfasaforward-looking whoisalwayslearninganddevelo.IspendalotoftimeattendingappconventionsandconferencessoIcanlearnwhataudiencesarelookingforIpridemyselfon...为豪stayingonthecuttingedge(前沿)ofappdesign.Trytotiethisintoyourbroaderoutlineofyourcareergoalsand SampleIamasenioratCuyahogaStateUniversity,originallyfromLosAngeles,California.ThisspringIwillreceivemyB.A(BachlorofArts)inEnglishwithaminorinCreativeWriting.DuringmytimeatCuyahogaStateIworkedcloselywithWriteYouth,anon-ledcreativewritingworkshopsatover20elementaryschoolsthroughoutthegreaterChicagoArea.Asawritermyshortstoriesandessayshaveappearedinnumerousonlinepublications,includingmostnotablytheLosAngelesTimesthispastwinter.WhenIamnotwritingorleadingworkshops,Ienjoyrunning,singing,andyingthepiano.Hi,mynameisSummerRowland,IamagraduateofBrownUniversity.ItookupEducationasacareeraftermajoringinEnglishLiture.IcompletedmyMaster’seducationlastyearandreceivedmyteachingcredential()onJunethisyear.Iamcurrentlylivinginanapartmentwithmyyoungersisterandourdog,Snow.Academically,Iaminterestedinwriting,specificallynewsandshortstories.I’dlikemycareertorevolvearoundwriting,whichIfondlycall“theartofwords”,forIbelieveinthepowerofwordstoinducechangeallyandglobally.Thecapacityofwordstomakesomeonehappyorsadhasimpressedmesomuch.Tome,wordsarelikemathwhereinonehastomasterandknowaworkableformulatodelivertheright9Idedicatemyselfinprovidinghelptostudentsaswellastoprofessionalswhoarehavingadifficulttimeinwritingtheiressays,formalletters,oranywritingrequirements.Ialsooffertutorialsforstudentswhowanttolearnhowtowritethemselves.Iprovideefficientlessonsandexercisesthathelpstudentsdeveloptheirwritingskillsorevendiscovertheirhiddentalentsinwriting.Itismyvisionforallpeopletoonceagainappreciatetheartofwritingandreading.Withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,youngpeoplearelosingthisskill.Itismymissiontohelpstudentsslowdownandtrulyarticulatewhattheyaretryingtosay.Ifyouwouldliketoknowmoreaboutmyworkpleasevisitmysite,www. orcontactmethroughmy,Task1+2ReadAloudandAnswerlinkingfinalconsonantsoundstoinitialvowelforexample:read-aloud;think-of-it;acup-ofInasensegroupiftheprecedingwordendswiththeletter“r”andthefollowingwordstartswithavowelsound,then“r”isusuallypronounced.r或rerre（例如ear中的r的发音和read中的r的发音方式是不一样的，实在不知道怎么讲只能说前者类似于“额”的发音后者类似于“弱”的发音方式，念！这一点中就需要将前一种发音变为后一种发音来与后一个单词的开头元音连起linkingfinalvowelsoundstoinitialvowelTherearetwocasesforlinkingbetween①Whenawordendingwiththefrontvowels/i:I/orwiththediphthongs/eiaiisfollowedbyawordstartingwithanyvowelsoundagentle/j/isusedtolinkedthe/i:I//eiaiɔi/②Whenawordendingwiththebackvowels/u:u/orwiththediphthongs/əuau/isfollowedbyawordstartingwithanyvowelsound,agentle/w/isusedwolink/u:u//əuau/时，它与后面词首的元音连读时，它们之间好像加了个/w/forexample:toask/tu-wa:sk/;toanswer/tu- 的定义 失+/td//t/d其中包括：/st/ft/Ft/nd/ld/zd/vd/Wt/md//Nd//nt/ltforexample:lastclass/la:skla:s/nextday/neksdei/bendback/ben前一词以“破音/擦音+/t//d/”结束，后一词以辅音开头，则其中/t///pt/kt/+sktkt)/tft+forexample:keptquiet/kepkwaiət/sweptvalley/swepvæli/,likedjam,parchedthroat,fetchedme,rubbedgently动词否定结尾的缩写形式n’t中的/t/失音(无论后一词以元音还是辅音开头)forexample:I’vegottogo.Whatdoyoupbt/dk/g/)则前一音保留口型和发音时间却并不发音。但是听者能感到这个音的存在。Manypeoplecatchacoldinthespringtimeand/orfall.Itmakesuswonderifscientistscansendamantothemoon,whytheycan’tfindacureforthecommoncold.Theansweriseasy.Thereareexactlyhundredsofkindsofcoldesthere.Youneverknowwhichoneyouwillget,sothereisn’tacureforeachoneWhenaattacksyourbody,thebodyworkshardtogetridofit.Bloodrushestoyournoseandbringscongestion()withitYoufeelterriblebecauseyoucan’tbreathewell,butyourbodyisactually“eating”the.Yourtemperaturerisesandyougetafever,buttheheatofyourbodyiskillingthe.Youalsohavearunningnosetostopthefromgettingtoyourcells.Youmayfeelmiserable,butactuallyyourwonderfulbodyisngeverythingitcantokillthecold.Thethoughtofhavingnosleepfor24hoursormoreisn’tapleasantoneformostpeople.Theamountofsleepthateach needsvaries.Ingeneral,eachofusneedsabout8hoursofsleepeachdaytokeepushealthyandhappy.Somepeople,however,cangetbywithjustafewhoursofsleepatnight.Itdoesn’tmatterwhenorhowmucha sleeps.Buteveryoneneedssomeresttostayalive.Fewdoctorswouldhavethoughtthattheremightbeanexceptiontothis.Sleepis,afterall,averybasicneed.MostAmericancollegestudentsneedtobeefficientreaders.Thisisnecessarybecausefull-timestudentsprobablyhavetoreadseveralhundredpageseveryweek.Theydon’thavetimetoreadachapterthreeorfourtimes.Theyneedtoextractasmuchinformationaspossiblefromthefirstorsecondreading.Anextraordinarilyimportantstudyskillisknowinghowtomarkabook.Studentsmarkthemainideasandimportantdetailswithapenorpencil,yelloworblueororange.Somestudentsmarknewvocabularyinadifferentcolor.Moststudentswritequestionsorshortnotesinthemargins.Markingabookisausefulskill,butit’simportanttodoitright.Task3IndividualT D 2S becauseoftworeasons.(替换：B-1)Reason1 .（替换B-2）Detail Reason .（替换B-2） C .Thingsthatcanbeusedas方法1.Domino 方法3.Givingan Forexample/Forinstance,2.Take…asan方法4.Givinga SuchasA,BandLike方法5.GivingaFigure/ AA-allyspeaking,Individually,AsfarasIamconcerned,Forme,Inmyopinion,Inmyview, Throughmyeyes,Frommypointofview.FrommyInmybooks,thefamousIadmiremostIsxxx.Ibelievethat...Ithinkthebestinventioniscomputers.IwouldliketosaythatmyfavoriteisA-Like...most/admire...studentscomefrom.BThereareacoupleofIthinkthereareacoupleofmainreasonswhyIdothinkAndIthinkthereareacoupleofreasonsforTherearetwopointsI’dliketofocus Second,Firstof Inaddition,Forone Foranotherthefirstreasonis ThesecondreasonisOnereasonIthinkis AnotherreasonIthinkisThefirstpointis AnotherpointisCAllinall,Inaword,Inshort,TosumupInThesearethereasonswhyIthinkthat...aretheRPRP 词ThemostusefulconjunctionAlthough...,Eventhough...,Evenif...,...aslongEvenifyoutakeataxi,you’llstillmissthetrain.Ethanwentaheadwithit.Myparentsdon’treallycarewhatjobIget,aslongasI’mhappy,It’shardwork,Ienjoyit,Apartfrom...,Besides...,Apartfrombeingusedasacafeteria,thatbuildingisoftenusedasweddingsandparties.Askilledworkiscrucial,whichiswhythetrainingprogramissoimportant.IhavereachedapointwhereIjustwanttogettheprojectfinished.Ontheotherhand,In/ByIdoeverysinglebitofhouseworkwhilePhoebejustdoesthedishesnowandthen.Thecoastalareashavemildwinters.Bycontrast,thecentralareasareextremelycoldinwinter.suchInsomecases,andstufflike...andthingslike...andsomethinglikeI’mintofantasynovelslikeHarryPotterandGameofThrones.Lermsofinsteadof/ratherthaninparticularLarrywasbetteroffinhislastjobintermsofsalary.Peoplearemainlyworreidabouttrafficinthearea,andinparticular,theincreasingspeedofcarsnearWetendtoget zingWetendtoget zingwintersanddrysummersinthispartofthecountry.Basically,thecarisingoodcondittion,butthepaintworkneedsabitofattention.HarrisonisactuallyveryI’llgetthispaperfinishedby...tendto...AbosoluyEssentialWordsandAsIseeit,.../Iguess.../IAsfor...=Whenitcomesto...=Talkingabout=Speakingoftonsof=loadsof=pilesof=amultitudeofawealthandthelike=andthestufflikethat=andwhatAsIseeit,thenumberofcarsinBeijingshouldbelimitedimmediaWhenitcomestotraffic,Ihavetosaylivinginthiscityisjustlikeanightmare.TheInternetoffersusamultitudeofoptions.PubliclibrariesofferusawealthofIlikesuspensemovies,actionmovies,romance,funnymoviesandthetendIthinkof...as...=Iregard...as...is/aresupposedto...aremorelikelyto...notnecessarilyThere’snosensein...=Itdoesn’tmakeanysense.=It’spointlessto...usedto...getusedtongsth.=henorminaluxurywon’tenablesb.todohaveahardtimengtendto...=forthemostKidstendtobemoreactivethanadults.ThewinterinBeijingtendstobezing. IthinkofphotographyasawaytoexpressChildrenaresupposedtoreadmorebooksbecausethatcanhelpthemgainagreatdealofknowledge.ChildrenaremorelikelytocopytheandbadlanguageinnotSomethingIthoughtI’dsetupverywelldidn’tnecessarilyseemthatwaytoThere’snosensein=Itdoesn’tmakesense.=It’spointlessThere’snosenseinblockingthatextremelyusefulistheIntraditionalschools,rotelearningwasthemakesense=beMytutorwrotemethisnotebutitdidn’tmakeanywon’tThehouselooksgood.Butafreshpaintjobjustwon’tIntermse.g.Intermsofprice,thiscarwouldbeaniceHemadegreatcontributionto.Specifically,hedonatedlotsofmoneytothecharity...InTobemoreexact,...Tobemorespecific,...TobemoreInother=...thatis,...=BythatIInotherwords,peoplegotherenotforpleasure,butonbusiness.Forinstance,...suchThisisbestillustratedwiththeexampleof...BythatImeanthatistoAndwhatIneedtoemphasizehereis=ThefactIneedtohighlighthereis=WhatIneedtostresshereise.g.AndwhatIneedtoemphasizehereisthathedidthatallby装装Notonlydoesthisrestaurantoffergreatfood,italsohastop-notchNotonlyaretheseflowersgorgeousandfragrant,theyarefullofspecialmeaningsItisthecultureinBeijingthatattractstonsoftouristseveryItistheclimate,thefreshair,thenaturalsceneryandthewelfaresystemthatattractssomanyimmigrantstoAustralia.Thereareacoupleofdifferencesbetweenthem.Actually,therearearangeofdifferencesbetweenthem.Itseemstomeliketheyarejusttotallydifferent.Iwouldsaythereareawholelotofdifferencesbetweenthem.ThemaindifferencesIcanthinkofare...ThemainoneThemostsignificantoneThemostessentialoneis...Themostobviousoneis...ApartfromInthepast,...Inthepreviouscenturies,...Peopleusedto...IntheInyearstocome,...20/30/40yearsfromnow,...It’sverylikelythatinthefuture...Whoknows?Maybeinthefuture,...Thesedays,cause/whyAsIseeit,severalfactorscontributeActually,Ibelievemorethanonefactorleadtothistrend.There’sacombinationoffactorsinvolved.Ibelieveanumberoffactorsareinvolvedhere.Arangeoffactorscontributeto...TherecouldbeanumberofexThat’sduetotheThemostsignificantonemaybe...Thechiefcontributingfactoris...Themostobviousonewouldbe...Asecondaryonemaybe...Asaresult,...Asaconsequence,...That’slikecomparingapplesandoranges.But何何Iguesstherecanbeavarietyofreasons.Somepeoplecollectthingssimplybecausetheyhavetoomuchsparetimeandneedmore alpleasure.Othersmaythinkofcollectingstuffasameanstomakeinvestments.Actually,ＩevenknowpeoplecollectthingsjusttoshowthemofftotheirWhatdoyouthinkof(起)Travellingis...fun...stimulating.IfeelenergisedwhenItravel...(承)Also,Imakefriendsduringtripstootherces.(承)Andofcourse,travellingexpandsyouroutlook...(合)Iguessthat’sexactlywhysomanypeopletravelaroundthesedays.Youbet. Nodoubtaboutit.That’sforsure.Notreally.Noway!Tobehonest,...InAsamatteroffact,...Thereareavareityof...Therearemanytypesof...YesandIcan’tsayforIwouldsayontheonehand,...Ontheotherhand...I’mnotsure.Itseemslike...It’skindof...mayvaryfromtoFirstofThefirstthingIshouldmentionis...Tobeginwith,...Foronething,...For...primarilybecause...AnotherpointIcouldadd...asInadditiontothat,...Inotherword,...ThatistoOntheotherIncontrast,/Bycontrast,...Evenso,...Althoughthat’sbasicallytrue,Iwouldsay...合合AllinInanutsInSoit’snoexaggerationtosaythat...That’sprettymuchit.That’sallIcanthinkofAfterall...Onthewhole,I合合HowdopeoplefeelaboutHmm,itseemstomelikesomepeopleloverainydaysbecauserainfeelskindofIncontrast,someothersmaytotallyhaterainbecausetheyhaveahardtimegettingaroundonrainydays.Soyousee,thefeelingmayvaryfrom Doyoulike()Itreallydepends.()SometimeswhenIfeellonely,Igopartyingwithfriendsofmine.()ButwhenI’mbusyorwhenIfeelundertheweather,partyingwouldbethelastthingIwanttodo.HowcanpeoplecontrolthepollutioninyourWellthere’replentyofwaystodothat.Forinstanceifwecontrolthenumberofcars,thenthere’lldefini ybelesspoisonousgas.And()ifwemovethefactoriestootherces,theairjustwon’besostuffyanymore.Butasamatteroffact(),itseemsit’sveryunlikelythosethingscouldbedoneimmediaybecausethecity ernmentalreadyhastoomanythingstotakecareof...万万I’dliketotalkabout...Well,letmetalkabout...I’dliketodescribe...I’llgetstartedbylookingIguessI’llstartoffbytalkingabout...Tobeginwith,I’lltalkabout...I’llstartoffbyansweringtheinitialquestionNexttheninreplytothesecondquestionof...Nowregarding...Movingontothematterof...Concerningthenextquestionof...Finally,letmetakecareoftheissueFinally,maybeIcouldwrapupmydescriptionwithmythoughtsabout...Finally,I’dliketoexintoyou...法大法大 人C:杨知行是克里诗状状语 阶语 阶合ChrisusuallydoesmorningexercisewithstudentsontheS+S+V+P.S+V+S+V+IO+DO.S+V+O+C.S+S+LinkV+S+Vt+S+V+IO+从从引导词：that,whether/if,特殊疑问词that+简单句构成名词性从句Thedefendantsaidthathedidn’tstealtheIdon’tknowwhethertherealestatepricewillkeeponWhatdoyouwanttodowithyourpocketmoneyisnoneofmy,who/that,him,them,whomwhoHeisstillthemanwhomIoncefellinloveThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenbyTomashisheritstheiryour,one‘s等等表示所属关系的词用whoseYouaretheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlisten+Hecameatatimewhenweneededhelp.Hecameatatimewhichwasjust +,Thisisthehousewheremybrotherwasborn.Thisisthehouseinwhichmybrotherwasborn.Thisisthehousethatbelongstomybrother.IknewthereasonwhyhewasThereasonthatheexinedatthemeetingwasnot限限Heisthemanwhooftenhelpsmewithmy从从Mygardenerwhoisverypessimisticsaysthattherewillbenoapplesthis第第ForNorButOrYetFanslovetowatchAnna.Shedancesbeautifully.Sheperformswithafan.Peopleenjoywatchingher.Shehasn’ttakendancelessons.Shedoesn’tneedto.Hertechniqueisunconventional.Theeffectisstriking.Shecanfillanaudiencewithjoy.Shecanbringpeopletotears.Otherdancerstrytoimitateherstyle.Theyhavenotsucceeded.Sheistalented.Shewillattractfansformanyyearstocome.合（合从属连词连接主句+从句状,特殊引导词：theminutethemomentthesecondeverytimethedaythe状从,特殊引导词：seeingthatnowthat,inthatconsideringthat,given从常用引导词：sothatinorder特殊引导词：lest,incaseforfearthat,inthehopethatforthepurpose从,从,,从常用引导词：thoughalthoughevenifeven从常用引导词：as,asif… ,+完成进行式表示对“正在进行动作”的一个总结,其动词形式为“have+been+ng在时去时来时（will个 am/is/arewas/werewillbe这类动作一般是事先计划好的,而且一定会发生的。have/has对这个时间点之前发生的一个或一系列动had对这个时间点之前发生的一个或一系列 willhave对这个时间点之前的一个或一系列动作表示对一个正在进行的动作的总结。 have/hasbeenhadbeen 过去完成进行时表示站在某个过去的时间点,对这个时间点正在进行动作的willhavebeen 将来完成进行时表示站在某个将来的时间点,对这个时间点正在进行动作的,do\does\did+VSomepeopledobelievethatnuclearpowerposesathreattotheworldadvadjThisistheveryquestionthatdeservescareful双双从从Whatreallymattersis((以)Littledopeopletakeintoaccounttheseriousnessofthis状状Nothingismoreimperativethantolearnfromthe77Itiswasthatwho练习练入入插入语通常与句中其它部分没有语法上的联系,将它删掉之后,句子结构仍然副词(短语)作插入语装装Eg1:Infrontofthetreesstandsahouse.(Ahousestandsinfrontofthetrees.)分 分 分Eg2:OnlyifyouagreewillIcome.(Iwillcomeonlyifyouagree.)TherebeEg1:Longlongago,therelivedakingwholikedhorseveryEg2:SinceyouhaverepairedmyTVset,thereisnoneedformetobuyanewNote:therebebe可替换seemlivestandlieappearexist,作句作句Eg1:SuchwastheoftheexplosionthatallthewindowswereEg2:SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20thcentury’sgreatestscientist.Eg3:Sucharethefacts,noonecandenythem.作句作句Eg4:Suchamovingfilmwasitthattheywerealllostinthoughtafteritwas Eg1:Herearesomepicture-books.Eg2:Thencameanewdifficulty.Eg3:HeretheyEg1:Upwentthearrowintothesky.Eg2:Incametheteacher.Eg3:Outhe,,Eg1:Onthetopofthehillstandsatemplewheretheoldmanoncelived.Eg2:InalecturehallofauniversityinEnglandsitsaprofessor.Eg1:Tomdoesn’tlikebananas,neither/nordoEg2:Ifyoudon’tgototheconcerttonight,neither/norwillI.Eg3:—Idon’tthinkIcanwalkanyfurther.—NeithercanI!Let’sstopherefora个个Eg1:NotuntilhereturneddidwehaveEg2:NosoonerhadthebellrungthantheteachercameEg3:Notonlywashedtostayhome,butalsohehadtodohis.Eg4:Soclearlydoeshespeakthatweallunderstandwhathesays.Eg5:Neitherhashecalledonher,norwillhedoEg6:Theharderyouwork;thegreaterprogressyou’ll adjEg1:Howeverhardhetried,hecouldhardlyavoidmakingmistakesinhis.Eg2:WhateverIgavehim,herefused. e法（法2020 英 第）SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheBlessingandCurseofthePeopleWhoNeverAhandfulofpeoplecanrecallalmosteverydayoftheirlivesinenormousdetail—andafteryearsofresearch,neuroscientists()arefinallybeginningtounderstandhowtheydoit.Formostofus,memoryisamessofblurredandfadedpicturesofourlives.Asmuchaswewouldliketoclingontoourpast,eventhesaddestmomentscanbewashedawaywithtime.AskNimaVeisehwhathewasngforanydayinthepast15years,however,andhewillgiveyouthedetailsoftheweather,whathewaswearing,orevenwhatsideofthetrainhewassittingonhisjourneytowork.“Mymemoryislikealibraryof walk-throughsofeverydayofmylifefromwakingtoslee ,”heexins.Veisehcanevenputadateonwhenthosetapesstartedrecording:15December2000,whenhemethisfirstgirlfriendathisbestfriend’s16thbirthdayparty.Hehadalwayshadagoodmemory,butthethrillofyoungloveseemstohaveshiftedagearinhismind:fromnowon,hewouldstartrecordinghiswholelifeindetail.“I lyouabouteverydayafterNeedlesstosay,peoplelikeVeisehareofgreatinteresttoneuroscientistshotounderstandthewaythebrainrecordsourlives.Acoupleofrecentpapershavefinallyopenedawindowonthesepeople’sextraordinaryminds.Andsuchresearchmightevensuggestwaysforusalltoreliveourpastwithgreaterclarity.“Highlysuperiorautobiographicalmemory”(orHSAMforshort)firstcamelightintheearly2000s,withayoungwomannamedJillPrice.ingtheandmemoryresearcherJimMcGaughoneday,sheclaimedthatshecouldrecalleverydayofherlifesincetheageof12.Couldhehelpexinherexperiences?McGaughinvitedhertohislab,andbegantotesther:hewouldgiveheradateandaskhertolhimabouttheworldeventsonthatday.Truetoherword,shewascorrectalmosteverytime.Itdidn’ttakelongformagazinesandaryfilm-makerstocometounderstandher“totalrecall”,andthanktothesubsequentmediainterest,afewdozenothersubjects(includingVeiseh)havesincecomeforwardandcontactedtheteamattheInterestinglytheirmemoriesarehighlyself-centred:althoughtheycanremember“autobiographicallifeeventsinextraordinarydetail,theyseemtobenobetterthanaverageatrecallingim alinformation,suchasrandom(任意选取的）listsofwordsNoraretheynecessarilybetteratrememberingaroundofdrinks,say.Andalthoughtheirmemoriesarevast,theyarestilllikelytosufferfrom“falsememories”.Clearly,thereisnosuchthingasa“perfect”memory—theirextraordinarymindsarestilusingthesameflawedtoolsthattherestofusrelyon.Thequestionis,how?LawrencePatihisattheUniversityofSouthernMississippirecentlystudiedaround20peoplewithHSAMandfoundthattheyscoredparticularlyhighontwomeasures:fantasyproneness(倾向)andabsorption.Fantasypronenesscouldbeatendencytoimagineanddaydream,whereasabsorptionisthetendencytoallowyourmind efullyabsorbedinanactivitytopaycompleteattentiontothe感受exinsNicoleDonohue,whohastakenpartinmanyofthesestudies.“Idefiniyfeelthingsmorestronglythantheaverage.”Theabsorptionhelpsthemtoestablishstrongfoundationsforrecollection,saysPatihis,andthefantasypronenessmeansthattheyrevisitthosememoriesagainandagaininthecomingweeksandmonths.Eachtimethisinitialmemorytraceis“reyed”,esevenstronger.Insomeways,youprobablygothroughthatprocessafterabigeventlikeyourweddingday,butthedifferenceisthatthankstotheirotherpsychologicaltendencies,theHSAMsubjectsarengitdayin,dayout,forthewholeoftheirlives.NoteveryonewithatendencytofantasisewilldevelopHSAM,though,so andwhathappenedtothem,”says ThepeoplewithHSAMI’veinterviewedwouldcertainlyagreethatitcanbemixedblessing.Ontheplusside,itallowsyoutorelivethemosttransformativeandenrichingexperiences.Veiseh,forinstance,travelledalotinhisyouth.Inhissparetime,hevisitedthelocalartgalleries,andthepaintingsarenowlodgeddeepinhisautobiographical“Imaginebeingabletoremembereverypainting,oneverywall,ineverygalleryspace,betweennearly40countries,”hesays.“That’sabigeducationinartbyitself.”Withthiscomprehensiveknowledgeofthehistoryofart,hehas eprofessionalDonohue,nowahistoryteacher,agreesthatithelpedduringcertainpartsofhereducation.“IcandefiniyrememberwhatIlearnedoncertaindaysatschool.Icouldimaginewhattheteacherwassayingorwhatitlookedlikeinthebook.”NoteveryonewithHSAMhasexperiencedthesebenefits,however.Viewingthepastinhighdefinitioncanmakeitverydifficulttogetoverpainandregret.“Itcanbeveryhardtoforgetembarrassingmoments,”saysDonohue.“Youfeelthesameemotions—itisjustasraw,justasfresh...Youcan’tturnoffthatstreamofmemories,nomatterhowhardyoutry.”Veisehagrees.“Itislikehavingtheseopenwounds—theyarejustapartofyou,”heThismeanstheyoftenhavetomakeaspecialefforttolaythepasttorest.Bill,forinstance,oftengetspainful“flashbacks”,inwhichunwantedmemoriesintrudeintohisconsciousness,butoverallhehaschosentoseeitasthebestwayofavoidingrepeatingthesamemistakes.“Somepeopleareabsorbedinthepastbutnotopentonewmemories,butthat’snotthecaseforme.IlookforwardtoeachdayandexperiencingsomethingPeoplewithHSAMhavethesamememoryasordinarypeoplewhenitcomesto alinformation.Veisehbegantorememberthedetailsofhiseverydayexperiencesafterhemethisfirstyounglove.ManymorepeoplewithHSAMstartedtocontactresearchersdueto