2023年阅读真题解析

20232023年试题分析PassageOne生词释义bepopularwithsbsbtoscorn:〔动词〕轻视，蔑视=lookdownuponscornful:(形容词〕轻视的LosAngelesUnified：洛杉矶联合校区acrossthecountry:整个国家=throughoutthecountrytoreviseritual:〔名词〕1〕仪式，*ancientreligiousrituals古代的宗教仪式*theimportanceofreligionandritualinourlives我们生活中宗教和仪式的重要性*Theladyofthehouseperformsthesacredritualoflightingtwocandles.女仆人点燃了两根蜡烛，进展了神圣的仪式。2〕〔文中含义〕惯例thedailyritualofmealtimesHewentthroughtheritualoflightinghiscigar.他习惯性地点了一支烟。flexible:敏捷的，可转变的inflexible:不行转变的tomandate:〔及物动词〕强制规定ThesemeasuresweremandatedbytheIMF.国际货币组织强制规定了这些措施。#mandatethat...规定.....;要求....Justicemandatesthatweshouldtreatallcandidatesequally.正义要求我们公平对待全部的候选人。exception:例外#withtheexceptionofsthexceptWealllaughed,withtheexceptionofMaggie.#withoutexception*Eachplant,withoutexception,containssomekindofsalt.每一种植物都无一例外地含有某种盐。tocount〔for〕:有价值，很重要=beimportantFirstimpressionsreallydocountHispromisesdon”tcountformuch.Hisoverseasresultscountfornothing.他在海外的经受不重要。与accountforsomething1〕占…的比重Afro-Americansaccountfor12%oftheUSpopulation. 非12%.2)解释….的缘由*RecentpressureatworkmayaccountforhisbehaviorCanyouaccountforyourmovementsonthatnight?你能解释那天晚上的行为吗？academic:学业的academicgrade:学业成绩academy:〔名词〕学术*Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentlyyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonthiseducationalritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent?sacademicgrade.家庭作业从来就没有受到过学生、甚至是家长的特别欢送，而近些年来更是备受贬损。美国各学区，特别是最近的洛杉矶联合校区，正在矫正对这一教育惯例的看法。不幸的是，洛杉矶联校制定了一项硬性政策，规定除了一些高级课程外，10%。bemeanttodo:应当做….;有责任做…=should*Comeon,Ellen,you”remeanttobehelpingme.Ellen，你应当帮帮我。*Ithoughtthepoliceweremeanttoprotectpeople.我认为警察有责任保护大家。impoverished:贫困的=poorchaos:〔名词〕混乱chaotic:混乱的contradictory:冲突的动词形式：tocontradict〔注：“和….相冲突”，后面不加withThearticleflatlycontradictstheirclaims. 这篇文章和他们所宣称的是完全冲突的。Thewitnessstatementscontradicteachotherandthefactsremainunclearonone?sown:独立地=independentlytogiveapasstosbsbsb过关complicated:简单的=complextoimply:(动词)暗指，示意implicationItisgoingclosetotheimplicationthat….差不多就是指…..，Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisunclearandcontradictory.Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotcompleteon their own or that they cannot do without expensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren. 该规定的目的是解决那些家境贫困或家庭状况糟糕的学生在完成作业时可能存在的困难。但是该政策不够清楚并自相冲突。固然，假设学生不能独立完成作业或者需要昂贵的设备才能完成，这样的家庭作业就不该布置。但是假设学生由于家庭环境简单未完成作业，而学区却根本让其过了关，那么这就相当于明目张胆地说，对贫困孩子有必要降低考试标准。administrator:治理者schooling:〔不行数名词〕学业childrenintheirfinalyearofcompulsoryschooling这些孩子是义务教育的最终一年Al”sdadhadonlyafewyearsofschooling 艾尔的爸爸只受过几年教育toassignassignment:(名词〕布置的作业和任务toskip:跳过，略过，不做IdecidedtoskipthefirstchapterSheskippedlunchinordertogoshopping没有吃午餐。reportcard:成绩报告单ratherthan:=insteadofIthinkyou”dcallitalectureratherthanatalk.我认为，你应当Ratherthangostraightontouniversitywhynotgetsomeworkexperiencefirst?不直接去上大学，何不先取得一些工作阅历呢？Brysondecidedtoquitratherthanacceptthenewrules里森打算辞职，而不是承受的规章。toempowersbtodosbsthThePresidentisempoweredtoappointjudgestotheSupremeCourt.总统被授权为最高法院任命法官。toimpose#toimposesthonsbsthsbSomeparentsimposetheirownmoralvaluesontheirchildrenflat:(形容词〕断然的across-the-board:统一的*aflat,across-theboardruleDistrictadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapartofschooling;teachersareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeverylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquitepossiblethatthehomeworkhelped.Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule.学区治理层宣称家庭作业仍将是学业的一局部；允许教师自主安排作业量。但由于家庭作业在学业成绩中所占比重不能超过10%，学生就能轻易躲避一半的家庭作业，而成绩报告单上也几乎看不出差异。有些学生不做家庭作业统考也能取得好成绩，但是那些完成了家庭作业并且取得好成绩的学生呢？这很可能是由于写作业帮助了他们。然而该规定不是授权教师去探究什么样的作业最适合学生，而是强制规定了一个死板、统一的规章。toaddress:(动词)解决(重点词汇)=solvetoaddresstheproblem：解决问题30．thorn〔名词〕刺thorny:多刺的；〔文中含义〕麻烦的，难处理的academicachievement:学业成绩toeliminate:1〕〔文中含义〕铲除，消退〔不必要或不重要的东西〕*Thecreditcardeliminatestheneedforcashorchecks卡免去了对现金或支票的需求。*Theteachershouldtrytoeliminatethepossibilitythatthechildhasahearingdefect能性。2〕消灭，杀死〔敌人/对手〕conversely:相反地=onthecontrarytomatter:〔动词〕很重要=tocountMoneywastheonlythingthatmatteredtohim.金钱是唯一对他重要的东西。aportionof：一局部asignificantportionof….很大局部appropriatetoreview〔动词〕1〕2〕3〕〔文中含义〕批阅，审核Atthesametime,thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabouthomework.Ifthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents?academicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments,notmakethemcountforalmostnothing.Conversely,ifhomeworkmatters,it should account for a significant portion of the grade.Meanwhile, this policy does nothing to ensure that thehomeworkstudentsreceiveismeaningfulorappropriatetotheirageandthesubject,orthatteachersarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect. 与此同时，该政策并未解决有关家庭作业真正麻烦的问题。假设学区觉察家庭作业对于提高学生的学业成绩作用不大，那么它就该实行行动削减甚至取消家庭作业，而不是让它在成绩中的比重变得微乎其微。相反，假设家庭作业很重要，那么就应在学业中占有重要比重。与此同时，学生承受的家庭作业是否有意义、是否适合他们的年龄和学科、教师布置的作业是否超出他们情愿批改的数量，对于这些问题该政策丝毫不能保证。toputsthonhold:〔动词短语〕sth=tosuspendTheplansareonholduntilaftertheelection.选举后，打算被暂停了。Sincehavingthekids,mycareerhasbeenputonhold.自从有了孩子，我的职业生涯开头暂停。tolookintothematter:调查这件事情=toinvestigatetoconduct:〔动词〕进展，进展*toconductaninvestigation/survey/anexperiment:进展调查/publichearing:公众听证会Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresponsibleforsettingeducationalpolicy,looksintothematterandconductspublichearings.ItisnottoolateforL.A.Unifiedtodohomeworkright.学校董事会〔负责制定教育政策的机构〕在调查此事并进展公众听证会的时候，有关家庭作业的规定应当推迟实施。对于洛杉矶联校来说，正确处理这件事还不算太晚。文章构造：本文就一项关于学生家庭作业的教育政策开放论述。第一段：提出了人们对家庭作业的一般观点，并给出了话题，即洛杉矶校区关于家庭作业方面的规定。其次段：提出论点，即该规定不够明确并相互冲突，并具体就贫困学生的状况指出弊病。第三段:指出该规定没有考虑到家庭作业对学生学业成绩的作用而是简洁地“一刀切”。第四段：指出该规定没有解决家庭作业的真正麻烦问题，也没有考虑到学生年龄、科目和教师批改方面的具体状况。第五段：提出解决方法，即应当停顿执行这种规定并征询群众意见。试题分析：Itisimpliedinparagraph1thatnowadayshomework .isreceivingmorecriticismisnolongeraneducationalritual[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcourses[D]isgainingmorepreferences依据信号词nowadays和homework，回文定位到第1段第一句..Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentlyyearsithasbeenparticularlyscornedbutparticularlyscornedreceivingmorecriticism〔A〕L.A.Unifiedhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecausepoorstudents .[A]tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheireducation[B]haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard[C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework[D]havevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomework这是缘由推断题。依据信号词 L.A.Unified和madetheruleabouthomework，回文定位到第1段尾句.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicy，但没有提到缘由，连续往其次段找，觉察首句Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.留意到代词this,后面必定是题眼,because是bemeantto的同义转述，答案为〔C〕AccordingtoParagraph3?oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay .[A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework[B]resultinstudents?indifferencetotheirreportcards[C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests[D]restrictteachers?powerineducation依据信号词oneproblemwiththepolicy，回文定位到第三段第Butwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeverylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.选项[A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework是划线局部的同义转述，答案为〔A〕AsmentionedinParagraph4akeyquestionunansweredabouthomeworkis .itshouldbeeliminateditcountsmuchinschoolingitplacesextraburdensonteachersitisimportantforgrades依据信号词akeyquestionunansweredabouthomework，回文定位到第4段首句thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabouthomework.，留意到是信号词unansweredabouthomework=addressnone;但题目询问的是具体的一个未解决问题是什么，在接下来的第三句话中，第一句fthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents?academicachievementIfhomeworkmatters.说的是同一个问题。答案为〔D〕AsuitabletitleforthisPassagecouldbe .wrongInterpretationsofanEducationalPolicyAWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudentsThornyQuestionsaboutHomeworkAFaultyApproachtoHomework篇章主旨题需要关注首尾段中心句或各段落首句，从整体上把握文章。手段中心句 Unfortunately,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthat. 可知下文探讨的是“一项有关应对家庭作业的错误政策”；在依据尾段中心句 hehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheshoolboard”可进一步确认本文主要讲的是“一项关于家庭作业政策的错误”，这种首尾段中心句的照应恰恰说明它们是主旨题的“题眼”，正确答案为〔D〕PassageTwo生词释义adultwomen:成年女性beobsessedwith/bysth:〔略含贬义〕过度关注;一心想着Alotofyounggirlsareobsessedbytheirweight.很多女孩子对体重过度关注。Jody”sbeenobsessedwithsomelifeguardformonths.朱迪一个月来始终对某个警卫耿耿于怀。pervasive遍布的，布满的thepervasiveinfluenceoftelevisiontheall-pervasivemoodofapathy动词原形：topervade:(感情，想法或气味〕布满着Aspiritofhopelessnesspervadedthecountry. 一种无助的心情布满着整个国家。intrinsically：从本质上来讲atinysliceoftherainbow：一小抹彩虹tocelebrate:1〕庆祝2〕〔文中含义〕歌颂，颂扬tocelebrategirlhood：赞扬少女时代inoneway:在某方面tofuse:融合tofusegirls?identitytoappearance把女孩的身份融合到外表中topresent:(动词)呈现topresentthatconnectiontodespairatsthsthsingular：〔形容词〕1〕单数的*Ifthesubjectissingular,useasingularverb.假设主语是单数的，使用单数动词。2〕〔文中含义〕显著的，明显的*Heshowedasingularlackoftactinthewayhehandledthesituation.在处理问题时候，他显得明显缺乏技巧。asingularachievement：突出的成就Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls?lives.Itisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusesgirls?identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls?livesandinterests.穿粉红色衣服秀丽：成年女性已不记得自己对这种颜色的沉迷，但它在年轻女孩的生活中很盛行。倒不是说粉红色本身有什么不好，而是它仅仅是五颜六颜色虹的一小局部。尽管它能在某方面衬托少女的特质，但它也会反复强化女孩身份与外貌之间的联系。粉红色可以呈现出少女之间，甚至是两岁女孩儿之间的共性：纯真，而粉红色自身即是纯真的证明。环顾四周，我无望地觉察女孩的生活和兴趣格外缺乏想象力。unavoidable:不行避开的toencode：〔及物动词〕把….编码Pinkseemstobeencodedingirls?DNA.粉色似乎被编码在DNAbecolor-codedChildrenarenotcolor-codedatall.孩子是不标注对应色码的。〔意思是指男女还没有天生是和某种颜色联系在一起的。〕15.asapracticalmatter:实际上16.gender-neutraldress：不分性别的裙子17.tointroduce〔重要词汇〕18.masculine:男性的，男子汉气概的masculinity(名词)femininefemininity(名词)19.pastel：〔形容词〕严峻的，淡的20.version:式样，版本Pinkisapastelversionofred.粉色是红色的严峻版。21.intimation: 1〕暗示* the first intimations of theapproachingconflict冲突降临的第一次示意2〕宣告，告知Withoutearlyintimationofthedatesofthetrainingsessions,enthusiasmfortrainingcoulddecrease.没有早点告知培训课程的日期，大家培训的热忱可能会降低。22.VirginMary:圣母玛丽亚23.constancy:恒久不变，坚贞24.toamplify:增加，放大25.marketingstrategy:营销策略26.tocomeintoitsown27.inherentlytodefine:〔动词〕1〕〔文中含义〕定义Abudgetisdefinedas…aplanofactionexpressedinmoneyterms”.预算被定义为“从金钱的角度表达一个行动打算”。Definepreciselywhatyoumeanby”crime”.准确地定义你所指的“犯罪”。2〕描述Girls?attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,itisnot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury,intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What?smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtof as gender-neutraldresses. When nursery colours wereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolizedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren?smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.粉红色对女孩的诱惑似乎是不行避开的，不知怎么着成了她们DNA编码的一局部，但依据美国争论副教授JoPaoletti的观点，事实并非如此。在20世纪初以前，孩子的衣服是不标注对应色码的：在家用洗衣机问世之前的时代，婴儿实际上都穿白色，由于洗尽衣服的唯一方式是煮烫。此外，不管男孩女孩都穿人们认为属中性颜色的衣服。在托儿所引入颜色概念后，粉红色实际上被认为是一种更具男性特征的颜色，比红色更严峻，让人联想到力气。蓝色会让人想到圣母玛丽亚，代表着坚贞和忠贞，是女性的标志。20世纪80年月中期，强调年龄与性别差异开头成为儿童服装市场的主导策略，直到这时粉红色才盛行起来，开头对女孩产生一种看似固有的吸引力，这让粉红色成为了定义女性特征的一个元素，至少在最初的关键几年里是这样。profound:(形容词〕深刻的profoundlytodictate:1〕口授*She”sdictatingalettertohersecretaryrightnow.刚刚她向她秘书口授了一封信。2〕〔文中含义〕支配,打算=todetermineFundsdictatewhatwecando.资金打算着我们能做的事情。#dictatethat*Thelawsofphysicsdictatethatwhatgoesupmustcomedown.物理学原理打算着向上的东西必定会向下去。Themassivepublicitydictatedaresponsefromthecitygovernment度打算着市政府的反响。3〕发号施令；规定*Islamiccustomdictatesthatwomenshouldbefullycovered.伊斯兰习俗规定妇女必需全部遮盖起来。*TheUSgovernmentattemptedtodictatethetermsoftheagreementperception:(名词〕看法=ideatoperceive:〔动词〕理解，感觉，对待=regard,think#toperceivesthas:Evenasayoungwomanshehadbeenperceivedasafuturechiefexecutive.当她很年轻的时候，就被人看作是将来的总裁。#toperceivesthtobe:*Childrenwhodobadlyinschooltestsoftenperceivethemselvestobefailures.那些在学校考试中表现很差的孩子把自己看成是失败者。totakesthsthTotakethetoddler：以蹒跚学步的孩子为例turnsout:结果竟然是〔有点出人意外的〕.......=asaresultItwasadifficulttime,buteventuallythingsturnedoutallright.那是困难的时刻，但最终结果还不错。Tomysurprise,itturnedoutthatIwaswrong. 让我吃惊的是，我最终竟然错了。Asitturnedout,hepassedtheexamquiteeasily.最终他竟然轻松通过了考试ThatguyturnedouttobeMaria”sex-husband..那家伙竟然是玛丽亚的前夫。33.amarketingtrick:营销策略=amarketingstrategyIhadnotrealizedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren?sbehavior:wrong.Turnsout,accordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularizedasamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s.我原来没有意识到，市场营销的潮流对我们有关儿童天性的理解，包括我们对儿童心理发育的核心观念，都产生着巨大影响。以蹒跚学步的小孩为例。我曾认为该阶段是专家们经过多年争论儿童行为特征后进展出来的:错。依据儿童消费史学家DanielCook的观点，它事实上是20世纪30年月才开头流行，源自制衣商的一个营销花招。publication:出版物tocounsel:=toadvise#counselsomebodytodosomethingsbsthShecounselledthemnottoacceptthissettlement们不要承受这个解决方案。36.departmentstore:百货公司37.steppingstone38.infantwear:婴儿装toevolveinto

建议他abroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage:普遍被承受的进展阶段tosplitintoever-tiniercategorysure-fireway：肯定能成功的方法toboostprofit/提高利润tosegment:分割，划分tomagnify:放大，扩大=toamplifypreviously:从前，之前Tradepublicationscounseleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids?clothes.Itwasonlyafter“toddler”becameacommonshoppers?termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences----orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.当时商业刊物给百货商场建议：要增加销售额，就应在婴儿装与大童装之间制造一个“第三块踏脚石”。所以是在Toddler成为购物者的常用术语后，它才渐渐成为一个被广泛承受的孩子成长阶段。事实证明，把孩子或成人群体做更加细致的分类是提高利润万无一失的手段。对市场进展细分最简洁的方法之一，就是凸显性别差异 或者制造出原来没有的差异。文章构造：本文是一片关于商业文化如何影响人们颜色观念的文章。第一段：提出了粉红色深受女孩宠爱这一观点。其次段：具体阐述了为什么粉红色会与女孩如此密不行分，从历史的演化和粉红色本身的象征意义方面进展分析。第三段：从制造商的市场策略对人们观念的影响方面论述了粉红色流行的缘由。第四段：进一步就市场策略方面提出建议，要想赢得市场就要凸显性别差异或制造差异。试题分析：Bysaying“itis…therainbow”(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeanspink .shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhoodshouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls?innocence[C]cannotexplaingirls?lackofimagination[D]cannotinfluencegirls?livesandinterestsitissuch....therainbow1段第2句Itisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,，notthat和though更引起关注，由于这是题眼，答案为〔A〕Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolors?Colorsareencodedingirls?DNA.Blueusedtoberegardedasthecolorforgirls.Pinkusedtobeaneutralcolorinsymbolizinggenders.Whiteispreferredbybabies.回文定位到其次段第五句，觉察〔B〕项thecolorforgirls是symbolizedfeminity〔B〕Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren?spsychologicaldevelopmentwasmuchinfluencedby .[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren[B]theobservationofchildren?snature[C]researchesintochildren?sbehaviour[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumption回文定位到第三段首句 Ihadnotrealizedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids, including our core beliefs about their psychologicaldevelopment，留意到hadnotrealized是theauthorsuggests的同义转述，dictated=influenced,ourcorebeliefsabout=ourperceptionof...答案为〔A〕Wemaylearnfromparagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto .[A]focusoninfantwearandolderkids?clothes[B]attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders[C]classifyconsumersintosmallergroups[D]createsomecommonshoppers?termsdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto，回文定位到第四段首句Tradepublicationscounseleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids?clothescounsel是advise的同义转述，createa“thirdsteppingstone=classifyconsumersintosmallergroups〔C〕Itcanbeconcludedthatgirls?attractiontopinkseemstobe.[A]clearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency[B]fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers[C]mainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen[D]wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexperts依据信号词girls?attractiontopink，回文定位到其次段首句Girls?attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable，但结论性信息往往消灭在相关话题的尾部，其次段尾句 Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,when amplifying age and sex differences became adominantchildren?smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears，红色划线局部是选项〔C)的同义转述，答案为〔C〕PassageThree生词释义1.afederaljudge:联邦法官2.core#tothecore:极度地，完全地shaken/shocked/thrilledtothecore/格外兴奋WhenIheardthenews,Iwasshakentothecore.听到消息的时候，我完全震惊了。Thatwomanisrottentothecore〔文中短语〕toshakesbtoitscoresb3.patent:(名词)专利towinpatentsforisolatedDNADNAtopatentsth:(动词〕sth20%ofhumangeneswerepatented.20%的基因已经被申请专利。unpatentable:(sthtorule:判定，裁定Thejudgeruledthatsheshouldhavecustodyofthechildren.法官裁定，她拥有孩子们的监护权。#ruleonsthsth做出裁定TheSupremeCourthasyettoruleonthecase.最高法院必需对这个案件做出裁定。toagitate(sb)焦躁担忧Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.治理者们极度地焦躁担忧。toassuresbsb保证*Herdoctorhasassuredusthatshe”llbefine.医生向我们保证，她会没事的。Thedocumentisgenuine,Icanassureyou.我向你保证，文件是真的。#assuresomebodyofsomethingsbsth*Thedealerhadassuredmeofitsquality.商人向我保证了商品的质量。辨析：toreassuresbsbsbTeachersreassuredanxiousparents. 教师们劝慰焦虑的家长们。#reassuresomebody(thatsbHetriedtoreassuremethatmymotherwouldbeokay.他尽力劝慰我说，我母亲会没事的。preliminary:初步的，开头的=initialthepreliminarystagesofthecompetition：竞赛的开头阶段*apreliminarydraft初稿apreliminarystep:前奏In2023,afederaljudgeshookAmerica?sbiotechindustrytoitscore.CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-----by 2023 some 20% of human genes werepatented.ButinMarch2023ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. TheBiotechnology Industry organization (BIO), a trade group,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta“preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.2023年，一位联邦法官让美国生物技术产业极度震惊。此前很多公司已经对分别出的DNA享有专利多年----截止到2023年，大约20%的人类基因已被申请专利。但在2023年3月，一位联邦法官做出裁决，认为基因不能够获得专利。这让生物打算苏公司的治理者们焦躁担忧。作为一个贸易团体，生物技术产业组织向其成员承诺这只是长期斗争的额“前奏”。toberelieved#begreatly/immensely/extremelyetcrelievedShelookedimmenselyrelievedwhensheheardthenews.当她听到消息的时候，大大舒了口气。#berelievedtosee/hear/knowsomethingHismotherwasrelievedtoseehimhappyagain妈妈看到他又快活了，舒了口气。tooverturn：1〕掀翻；使倒台2〕〔文中含义〕撤销〔判决〕*HisconvictionwasoverturnedbytheCourtofAppeal.上诉法庭撤销了他有罪的判决。prior:从前的=formerpriordecision:从前的打算#priortosthsth之前=beforeAllthearrangementsshouldbecompletedpriortoyourdeparture.在你离开之前，必需做好全部的安排。ablessing:1)好事;(提升生活质量或令人快活的〕事情Thedishwasherhasbeenarealblessing!洗碗机始终以来是个好东西。#itisablessing(that)It”sablessingno-onewasbadlyhurt事。OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMuriadGeneticscouldindeedholdpatentstotwogenesthathelpforecastawoman?sriskofbreastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMytiad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike.7月29他们如释重负，至少临时是这样。联邦上诉法院推翻了从前的判决，裁定MyriadGenetic公司确实可以拥有两项帮助推测女性乳腺癌风险的基因专利。位于犹他州的Myriad公司的首席执行官认为，这份判决对于相关公司及患者都是一种福音。apersonalizedmedicine:一种共性化的药物makeargumentsagainstsbsbtosuppressinnovation〔名词〕创torewardsthsthpatentmonopoly:torestrictagrowingnumberof:越来越多的tourgeatask-forcetofile:(动词)公布〔消息〕abrief:简短声明tofileabrief:公布简短声明24.moleculefibreButascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalizedmedicine,thecourtswillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotover.Criticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnature,soitmaynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpatentsmonopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad.Agrowingnumberseemto agree.Lastyearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule“isnolessaproductofnature…thanarecottonfibersthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.”但随着生物技术公司连续努力研发共性化药品，法庭上仍旧会纠纷不断。Myriad一案本身可能并没有就此终结。针对基因专利，批判家们提出了三个主要的反对理由：基因是自然产物，因此不应得到专利保护；基因专利抑制创而不是鼓舞创；像Myriad这样的基因垄断企业会限制其他公司进展基因测试。越来越多的人倾向于认同这些观点。去年联邦政府成立专项小组来督促基因测试方面的专利改革。10月份司法部对Myriad一案发表简要声明，认为分别出的基因分子就像从棉花籽分别出的棉花纤维一样，也是自然产物。toremainunansweredDespitetheappealscourt?sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample,itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt. 尽管上诉法院已经做出裁决，但一些重大问题仍旧没有解决。例如，尚不清楚一个完整的基因组排序是否会侵害基因组内个体基因所获得的专利。该案件可能会上诉到最高法院。toadvance:前进，进展=todevelop28.tofilepatentsforsthsth申请专利29.inthepublicdomain:在公共领域中30.efficacy:〔正式用语〕效力，效能=effectivenessAstheindustryadvances,however,othersuitsmayhaveanevengreaterimpact.CompaniesareunlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmolecules----mostareunlikelypatentedorinthepublicdomain.Firmsarenowstudyinghowgenesinteract,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpredictadrug?sefficacy.Companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor“connectingthedots,”explainsHansSauer,alawyerfortheBIO.然而，随着该产业的进展，其他的诉讼可能会产生更大的影响。生物公司已不行能申请到更多人体DNA分子的专利大多数基因已受到专利保护或