美国礼节概况

Etiquette（礼节）TheUnitedStatesisamulti-ethniccountryforimmigration,after200

yearsofvariousnationalities,harmonyandinclusiveincustoms

andcourtesy[‘kə:tisi]礼貌,ithasformedaEuropeanimmigrantstraditionprimarily

characteristics.content01020304marriageFuneral(葬礼）commommannersindailylife

taboos（禁忌）Marriagehasbeenplayinganimportantroleinone'slifesinceancienttimes.Itbuildsthelinkbetweentwoindividuals,usuallytwopersonsoftheoppositesex.Asahighlyindependentandmulti-culturalcountry,Americahasitsuniqesituationonthisissue.Solet'shaveabrieflookatit.marriage文本内容A)theconceptofmarriage

InAmerica,marriageisalegalcontractaswellasasexualrelationship,anditalsomeanscommitmentbetweenthecouple.

First,marriageisalegalcontract.Thedutiesandrewardsarespecifiedbythegovernment,notbythepartieswhoenterintothecontract,thehusbandandthewife.Thismeansthattheparticulararrangementsacouplemakesarelegallyinvalidiftheyconflictwiththedutiesandprivilegesspecifiedbypublicpolicy.

文本内容

Second,marriageisasexualrelationship.ThemarriagelawintheUnitedStatesrequiresthatacouplemusthavesexwithoneanother.Ifamarriageisnotsexuallyconsummated,itcanbeannulled.SowecanseesexistightlyboundtomarriageintheUnitedStates.

Andalso,marriagemeanscommitment.Firstofall,bothsidesofmarriagemustbeloyaltoeachother,thatistosay,marriedpeopleshouldhavesexualrelationonlywitheachother.Then,it'spermanence,whichmeansmarriedpeopleshouldmaintaintheirrelationshipforalongperiodoftime.Andnext,thereshouldbelovebetweenthecouple.B)changingviewsonmarriage

However,recentsurveysseemtoindicatethatAmerican'sviewsonmarriagearechanging.

Moreandmorepeopledon'tthinkitnecessarytogetmarried,ofwhomsomethinktohaveafamilydon'tnecessarilyneedtogetmarriedfirst,whileothersseemtomoreenjoysinglelife.

Someevenholdtheopinionthatmarriageisoutofdateintoday'ssociety.

AlloftheseseemstosuggestthatinstitutionofmarriageinAmerica,whilestillhighlycherishedbythemajorityofthepeople,hassomehowlostitsappealtoasignificantnumberofpeople.

Therearemanyreasonstoaccountforsuchalossofappeal.

Itiscommonlybelievedthat,forAmericanwomen,theirviewsonmarriagehavechangedsignificantlyasaresultofthewomen'sliberationmovementofthe1960s.Moreandmorewomenarenowdemandinggreaterequality,thusaffectingtheirviewonmarriage.Formen,changedandchangingviewsonmasculinityhaveaffectedthewaytheylookattheinstitutionofmarriageaswell.Inthewest,theweddinghighlights4featuresnewborrowedoldbluemourningfortheimmediatefamilyisconsideredtobethetimebetweenthedeathandtheendofthefuneral.Duringthistime,thecloserelativesshouldnotattendanysocialengagements,includingpartiesorweddings.Deathandmouring

Darkclothingshouldbewornwhenattendingamemorialserviceorfuneral.

Light-heartedtalkisnotinappropriate,butjovialityisimpolite.

Attendanceataviewing,funeral,memorialservice,orwakeistheusualmethodofexpressinggriefforoneselfandtothecloserelativesofthedeceased.Inaddition,lettersofcondolenceshouldbesenttothenearestfamilymember(s),andabrief,prearrangedvisittothefamilyintheweeksfollowingareappropriate.·Familymembersmayrequestthatnoflowersbesent,orthatmemorialdonationsmaybemadetoacertaincharityinlieuthereof.Asthebereavedisnotmakingtherequesthimself,thisisnotconsideredinappropriate,asitwouldbewithanyothergift-givingsituation.Anothercommonandappropriaterecognitionofmourningtothebereaved'simmediatefamilyisfoodbroughtbyneighborsormoredistantrelatives.·Duringtheweeksfollowingadeath,familymembersmustsendthankyoulettersinreplytocondolenceletters,giftsofflowers,food,ordonations.·SendingflowerstoJewishfamiliesinmourningmaybetakenasaninappropriategesture;fruitistraditional.Americanpeoplehavemanymannersintheirdailylife,thoughnotprescribedinwords.Whenpeoplefromothernationsgetalongwiththem,theymustlearnthesemannerstoavoidembarrassmentinthedailylife.Inthefollowing,therearesometipsyoushouldknow.CommonMannersinDailyLife日常生活礼节MeetingSomeone

Whenmeetingsomeoneforthefirsttime,itiscustomarytoshakehands,bothformenandforwomen.Hugsareonlyexchangedbetweenclosefriends.Kissingisnotcommon,andmenneverkissothermen.

Americanswillusuallyintroducethemselvesbytheirfirstnameandlastname,suchas“Hello,I’mJohnSmith”,or,ifthesettingisverycasual,bytheirfirstnameonly,“Hi,I’mJohn”.Thecommonresponsewhensomeoneisintroducedtoyouis“Pleasedtomeetyou.”Americansnormallyaddresseveryonetheymeetinasocialorbusinesssettingbytheirfirstname.EatingOut

AllrestaurantsinAmericaacceptcashforpayment,andmost,evensomefastfoodrestaurants,alsoacceptcreditcards.AfewrestaurantsalsoacceptATMcardsforpayment.Youwillrarelyfindarestaurantthatacceptschecks.

Itiscommontohavetowaitforatable

atapopularrestaurant.Attheserestaurants,thewaitingcanbeverylongonaweekendnight,sometimesuptoonehour.

ManyrestaurantsinAmerica,exceptforfastfoodrestaurants,havealicensetoservealcohol.Beerandwinearealwaysavailable.Restaurantsthatservehardliquoraresaidtohave“afullbar”.ThedrinkingageinAmericais21.

Tipping（小费）Thereareonlyafewsituationswheretippingisexpected.Americanrestaurantsdonotaddaservicechargetothebill.Thereforeitisexpectedthatthecustomerwillleaveatipfortheserver.Commonpracticeistoleaveatipthatisequalto15%ofthetotalbillforacceptableservice,andabout20%forsuperiorservice.Iftheservicewasunusuallypoor,thenyoucouldleaveasmallertip,about10%.

Otherprofessionsinwhichtippingisexpectedincludehairdressers,taxidrivers,hotelporters,parkingvaletsandbartenders.Thegeneralruleistotipapproximately15%ofthebill.Insituationswherethereisnobill,aswithhotelportersandparkingvalets,thetipmayrangefrom$1to$5,dependingonthetypeofestablishmentandonhowgoodtheservicewas.SmokingSmokingisnotascommoninAmericanasinmanyothercountries.Generally,AmericanssmokelessthanEuropeansandmuchlessthanAsians.Itisapracticethatisbecominglessandlesssociallyacceptable.

Smokingisprohibitedinmanyplaces.Itisnotallowedinanypublicbuilding,onanypublictransportation,includingairplaneflightswithintheUnitedStates,inshops,movietheaters,schoolsandofficebuildings.

Thegeneralruleisifyouareindoors,thenyouprobablyarenotallowedtosmoke.

Theexceptionsarebars,nightclubsandsomerestaurants.Ifyouarewithsomeone,evenoutdoors,itispolitetoaskiftheymindbeforeyoustartsmoking.

ThelegalsmokingageinAmericais18.IfyouarebuyingcigarettesoranothertobaccoproductlikeCigar,andyoulookyoung,thestoreclerkisrequiredbylawtoaskyouforproofoflegalage.Youshouldbepreparedtoprovideidentification.Itispolitetoannounceyourpresencewhenarrivingataninformaloccasion,suchasabackyardbarbecue,orifdroppingbyunexpectedly,althoughthelatterisafauxpasunlessthehosthaspreviouslyindicatedthatsuchvisitsarewelcome.Whenvisitingsomeone'shomeitisnotnecessarybutpermissibletobringagift,suchassweets,atoyforthechildren,abeveragetobeshared,flowers,etc.However,ifonehasbeenreceivedmultipletimesinanother'shome,heshouldreciprocatebyinvitingthehoststohishome,arestaurant,oranotherappropriateplace.

ReceivingguestsIntheUnitedStates,therearealsosometabooswhencontactingpeople,ifyoudonotknowthesetaboosanddosomethingnotsuitable,bothofthepartiesmightfeelembarrassed.ThuslearningthetaboosintheAmericansocietyisveryimportanttaboos禁忌Meetingpeoplewhenmeetingpeople,peopleshouldremembertobecheerful,andbehappyinsocialintercourse.Itissaidthatinsomenationspeopleneglectsocialrules,justlikeAmericans.Peoplewhomeetforthefirsttimecanshakehandswitheachother,butnotnecessarilysendgift.Theycangiveeachotherasmile,orsay"hi"or"hello"topayrespect.Whenpeopleshakehands,theyshouldlookateachotherdirectlyandbendtheirbodiessquarely.Iftheydoso,thentheyareconsideredascourteous.Onthecontrary,iftheylookatotherdirectionswhileshakinghands,itwouldberegardedasanarrogantexpression.shakehandsYes,ageisaverysensitivesubjecttomanyAmericans,especiallytowomenoverage30.Inthisyouthupheldculture,thethoughtofgrowingolderisapainfuloneandmostofus,ifpossible,wouldliketohavenothingtodowithit.SomanyAmericansworkhardtomaintainayouthfulappearance.Thelastthingtheywanttobeaskedistheunthinkable,"Howoldareyouexactly?"

对许多美国人来说，年龄是个非常敏感旳问题，尤其是对年过30旳女人来说更是如此。在这个崇尚年轻文化中，想到变老是很痛苦旳。我们大多数人，假如有可能旳话，都不想沾它旳边儿。所以，许多美国人竭力想维持外貌旳年轻，他们最不愿别人问及旳问题就是：“你究竟有多大年龄了？”ageThisisoneofthetouchiestsubjects.InAmerica,itisokay,evendesirable,tobethinbutitisasinandahugeembarrassmenttobeoverweight.Infact,thethinneryouare,theprettieryouareconsidered.LookingthroughanyAmericanfashionmagazines,you'llnoticethatmostmodelsarenothingmorethanskinandbones.Believeitornot,thetallandthinlookwasthehottestlookofthe1990s.

体重。这是最敏感旳话题之一。在美国，长得瘦是不错，甚至会让人羡慕，但超重就让人极为难堪，是种罪过。实际上，你越瘦，别人会以为你越漂亮。随便翻翻美国哪本潮流杂志，你会发觉大多数模特都是皮包骨头。不论你信不信，细高旳身材可是20世纪90年代最酷旳。weightIncome

Youshouldneveraskhowmuchsomeone'ssal