FrenchWine法国葡萄酒详解产区葡萄品种酿造方法过

WinesofFranceMapofFranceQualityGradingsFrenchwinesaredividedintotwocategories,tablewineandqualitywine.法国的葡萄酒被分成两大种类,餐桌酒和高品质葡萄酒.“QualityWineProducedinaSpecifiedRegion”orQWPSR.高品质的葡萄酒产地是被指定的.Allqualitywinesaresubjecttocontrolsontheareaofproduction,typeofgrapevarieties,permittedminimumalcoholiccontentandmethodsofviticultureandvinification.所有高品质葡萄酒的生产和酿制过程都受到严格的监控,包括葡萄的品种,最低的酒精标准,葡萄的栽培技术和酿酒工艺,等等.QualitygradingsTablewine餐桌酒Vindetable.Lowestcategory.最低的级别

Producedanywhereinthecountry,oftenblend.Theyaresimple,everydaydrinkingwines,usuallymadeforearlyconsumption.

葡萄酒和葡萄品种可以来自法国的任何地方,经常是混合型的,比较容易入口,可以每天都饮用.(b)VindepaysTablewinewithspecificregionalcharacteristics,willstatethenameoftheareaofproduction.Grapesgrowninregionbutnotnativewillbecalledvindepays.

有了明确的区域性产地,但葡萄不属于这个产地的特有品种.QualitygradingsQualitywine高品质葡萄酒Attheheartoftheregulationsgoverningitsproductionisthefactthatthewineinthebottlemustcomefromthegeographicalareastatedonthelabel.瓶中的葡萄酒必须来自酒标上所标明的规定的产地.VDQS—vindelimitedeQualiteSuperieureIsthelowercategoryofqualitywines.Thecontrolsonvinevarieties,yieldandwinemakingmethodsarestricterthanforvindepays.

高品质葡萄酒中最低的级别,对葡萄树的种植,产量,酿酒方式的监控都要比VDP严格的多.AC---Appellationd’OrigineControleeThisisthehighestcategoryofFrenchwine,andconsequently,controlsforACarethemoststringent.ManywinesoriginallygivenVDQSclassificationhavebeenpromotedtoACstatus.

法国葡萄酒的最高级别,也是控制的最严得的,很多葡萄酒最初是VDQS,后来慢慢的才晋升成AC级别的.Yieldisalsocontrolledthequality！产量同时也控制着质量！BordeauxProduces(a)Tannicredwinesneedingtimetomature.Tannicagesthewinewell.高但宁的葡萄酒需要长时间成熟,但宁也使葡萄酒具有较好的陈年潜质.(b)Lighterredwinesmadeforearlydrinking.清淡一些的红葡萄酒适合早期饮用.(c)Veryfinesweetwhitewines.世界顶级的甜葡萄酒.(d)Drywhitewine,mostly,thoughnotalways,fordrinkingyoung.大多数干白葡萄酒适合年轻时饮用.BordeauxClimateBordeauxtendstohaveamildandhumidclimate,influencedbytheseaandrivers.受海洋和河流的影响,波尔多倾向于温暖湿润的气候.Bordeaux’swintersaretemperateandtherearewarm,longsummers.波尔多的冬季不是很冷,夏季长而温暖.BordeauxSoilTheyaremanytypesofsoilbutingeneralitisgravel,clayorsandoverasub-soiloflimestone.多样化的土壤类型表层以沙砾,粘土和沙地为主,底层以石灰石为主.BordeauxGrapesTheredwinesaremadeprincipallyfromthreevarietieswhichareblendedtogethertogivefinalstyle.红葡萄酒大多是三种葡萄混合酿制的.CabernetSauvignon(MedocandGraves)andCabernetFrancgivehightanninandaciditytothewineandanaromathatsuggestsblackcurrants.C-S和C-F可以给葡萄酒提供较高的单宁和酸度,常带有一些黑醋栗的味道.Merlot(St-EmilionandPomerol),higheralcohol,hasasoftertasteandlesstanninthantheCabernetgrapes.Theyareeasytodrinkwhenyoung.M,酒精度偏高,单宁偏低,比较柔和,适合年轻时饮用.BordeauxGrapesThewhitewinesaremadepredominantlyfromablendoftwowhitegrapevarieties.白葡萄酒大多是以两款白葡萄品种混合酿制的.SauvignonBlanc,agrapegivinghighacidityandgoodfruit.S-B带有较好的果香味道,酸度偏高.Semillon,athinskinnedgrape,easilyattackedbynoblerot,thebasisofthesweetwines.葡萄皮比较薄,比较容易感染贵族霉,是酿制甜酒的主要葡萄品种.TheappellationsofBordeauxThegeneralAppellationis:BordeauxACorBordeauxSuperieurAC(isforwinesachievingahigherdegreeofalcohol).总的名称是:BordeauxAC或BordeauxSuperieurAC（葡萄酒达到较高的酒精度数）MedocAC:Medocfallsintotwoparts,it’ssouthernpart,whichproduceshigherqualitywines,iscalledtheHaut-Medoc.Medoc被分成两部分,南面的部分被称为Haut-Medoc,生产较高品质的葡萄酒.AllMedocACandHaut-MedocACwinesarered.Medoc和Haut-Medoc所有的AC都是红葡萄酒.TheappellationsofBordeauxTheHaut-Medocisthedistrictfamousforitsgreat,tannic,long-livedwinesmadewithahighpercentageofCabernet.ThesewinesareusuallysoldunderthenamesoftheChateauxwherethegrapesaregrown.Haut-Medoc以出产高品质,单宁强劲需要长时间成熟的葡萄酒而著称.主要的葡萄品种以C-S为主.酒的名字大多以城堡命名.TheBordeauxoutstandingchateauxweredividedintofivelevelsofexcellence.Fourchateaux(withafifthaddedin1973),thegreatestofall,weregiventhedesignation“premiercru”orfirstgrowth.波尔多的城堡在1855年时被划分成5个等级.ManyotherverygoodwinesfromchateauxintheMedocwerelaterclassifiedascrubourgeois.Thesecanbeofexcellentquality,sometimesrivallinglessercruclassewines.Medoc地区还有一些高品质的葡萄酒被划分到crubourgeois这个级别.这些酒的品质非常高,有时甚至可以和第一级别的葡萄酒相媲美.TheappellationsofBordeauxTherearefourmaincommunesintheMedoc,theyare:Medoc地区有四个主要的公社,他们是:StEstephe,StJulien,Pauillac,MargauxRememberthatawinedescribedsimplyasACMargauxisawineofthecommune.ThewineChateauxMargauxhowever,isasinglevineyardwinefromwithinthatcommune.ItsAppellationisalsoACMargaux.如果酒标上标明ACMargaux,那么它的葡萄必须来自这个公社.TheappellationsofBordeauxGravesAC:“graves”meansgravel,andthesoilhasgivenitsnametothisdistrict.Bothhaveredandwhite,oftenlabeledas“Graves”withoutanychateauxname.土壤给了产地名称,生产红白葡萄酒,通常不标明城堡,只标明“Graves”Northernpart---moreredwine,Pessac-Leognan.北部的Pessac-Leognan以生产红葡萄酒为主.Southernpart---morewhitewine,dryandintendedforearlydrinking.南部生产适宜年轻时饮用的干白葡萄酒.TheappellationsofBordeauxSauternesAC(Chateaud’Yquem)TheAChereonlyforsweetwines,drywinesmustbesoldasBordeauxblanc.本地区的AC全部是甜葡萄酒,干白只能标Bordeauxblanc.Thebestsweetwinesaremadefromgrapesaffectedbynoblerot.Whengathered,thesegrapesyieldasmallamountofveryconcentratedjuicewithhighsugar.本地区最好的甜葡萄酒是用感染了贵族霉的葡萄酿制成的,这样的葡萄产量较低,糖分十分集中.Attheendofthefermentation,whentheyeastscannolongerworkbecausethealcohollevelhasbecometoohigh,thereisstillahighamountofnaturalsweetnessleftinthewine.发酵的最后阶段,酵母无法继续工作,因为酒精杀死了酵母.但是葡萄酒中还有大量的糖分留下.TheappellationsofBordeauxPremieresCotesdeBordeauxACAcrosstheriverGaronnefromGravesliesasmalldistrictcalledPremieresCotesdeBordeaux.ThewinesofthisACaremostlyredbutsomewhiteisalsomade,usuallymediumsweetinstyle.从Graves穿过加仑河有一个小的产区被称为PremieresCotesdeBordeaux.他的AC大多是红葡萄酒,也有一些白葡萄酒,通常是半甜型的.Entre-Deux-MersACThisACisfordrywhitewineonly.Thewinesareproducedinalargearea,lyingbetweentheriversGaronneandDordogne.Redwinesarealsoproduced,labeledsimplyasACBordeaux.本地区在两条河的三角地带,AC只对干白而言,红葡萄酒只能标明ACBordeaux.TheappellationsofBordeauxSt-EmilionThemostimportantgrapeintheblendisthemerlot,givingwineswhicharerichinflavour,lesstannin.(Premiersgrandcrusclasses:ChateauAusoneandChateauChevalBlanc)以merlot为主,使葡萄酒的味道十分丰富,单宁较低.PomerolThisisasmallcommuneonaplateauadjoiningSt-Emilion.ThemostfamousestatesofPomerolareChateauxPetrusandLePin.Thesetinyvineyardsproduceverysmallquantitiesofwineeachyear,andregularlycommandhigherpricesthanevenfirstgrowthsoftheMedoc.这是在St-Emilion隔壁的较高的山坡上的一个小的公社,最有名的两个酒庄时Petrus和LePin,其酒品质较高,但产量却很小,因此价格非常昂贵.Chapterfour

WinesofFrance---BurgundyMapofFranceBurgundyhistoryWhenthewinesofBordeauxwerehardlyknown,BurgundywasdrunkbykingsandcourtiersandhighlyprizedbyforeignconnoisseurslikeThomasJefferson.当波尔多的葡萄酒还鲜为人知的时候，波根地的葡萄酒就已经成为王公贵族的杯中佳酿，当然也包括国外的一些葡萄酒爱好者，像托马斯.杰斐逊.Today,demandforthegreatestBurgundianwinesfaroutstripssupply.

如今，葡萄酒爱好者对波根地佳酿的需求已经超过了供应.Burg谋undy子his帮toryThe培re伶gio答np谜rod督uce扇sd托ry管red戚an四dw慢hit皮ea旦nd遥som鲜es凳par倚kli淹ng志win舟e.急In谅tot磨al疯it姐pro乞duc葬es怎abo彼ut馅one姐th掉ird暑th叠at剖of侍Bor谱dea签ux.波根地秋酿造干洁红，干梁白，和副一部分谦汽酒，收总的产肾酒量之风占波尔留多的1/3左右.The灶vine拴yard的sof拥Bur锄gund偿yar别eve搭ryf辅ragm膨ente指d,w拼ith佳many泰peo宪ple雹owni方nga存sma文llp结art愉ofa洋fam柜ous系vine哑yard抢.(C费los储deV赚ouge悠oth军ave巡寿more宪tha鞭n80遇sep凝arat惕epl缴ots.传Con命sequ划entl丑yth乐ere佩are紧many劈燕win歼esb具eari拥ngt王hes规ame斗name简but疏of赠vary挑ing障qual化ity凶and枝diff鬼erin雪gpr趣ices欺.)波根地忌的葡萄洋园非常炮的零散青，有些慢著名的搏庄园甚录至会被巷几十个放主人拥榜有.Bur向gun扇dy捧Cli纱mat崭eBein医gan韵inl泰and仅regi扒on,舒Burg冠undy描has朱hot居sum跳mers随but论sev浅ere辱wint洽ers,正wit金hfr头ost服bein历ga呼majo出rha写zard驾.Th吉ist案ype浪ofc解lima机tei讨sca症lled泡“co抛ntin甩enta史l”.波根地处奶在法国的蕉内陆地区划，属于大先陆性气候促，夏季炎执热，冬季把寒冷，霜交冻给本地拆区的葡萄艳种植也带幕来了很大逢的难度.Bur皆gun恳dy痕Soi谱lThe孕soil革var架ybe颗twee娃nth妥edi恐stri捷cts,然but浑the饥mos公tim耀port轨ant方are光asf踏ollo荣ws:土壤随着祸地域的不棍同也有很裙大的改变阶.Clay启and鱼Lim要esto栏ne--麻-Cot浮ed’缴OrCot宪ed毯’Or恢地区主李要是粘纹土和石奋灰石土袭壤.Gra巨nit印e饮---欢Bea浇ujo够lai悉sBea芬ujo因lai周s地区霉以花岗宪岩土质奋为主.Grap挖esV济arie板tyBur酒gun睬dy'台sg熟rea既tw另ine效se办xis锦tt野han拍ks家to汤the籍ad奴apt冲ati伶on认of踪蝶jus氧to扣ne拦gra柱pe屯var客iet播yt奖ot送he泰mul博tip里le杀and澡di赶ver呀se价ter膏roi奔rs步on衡the浑Bu协rgu槐ndi丹an盖slo坝pes娘.波根地幅之所以夹可以酿问制如此纳美味的传佳酿，疲除了它姿多样化棕的ter秆roi项rs外，还悦要归功州于两款守伟大的彻葡萄.nPin夸ot谢Noi顽rf术or鸦the绳gr血eat喊re悬dw欢ine锐snCha届rdo弯nna筐yf腾or遭the碰gr腊eat畜wh顽ite州wi册nesOna填reg茅iona懒lle唯vel塑two森othe授rva权riet渗ies裹exis凯t:Alig倍oté钢for虏apa链rto表fth转ege伞neri峡cwh裂ite李wine观s.Gama你yfo获ra怠part程of型the龄gene印ric翁red仙wine幅snnPinotnoirGreatredwines

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