完整生动的英语被动语态分析解析

HowtodescribethepicturesTheriverwasseriouslypolluted.第一页，共38页。1Sometreeshavebeencutdown.

第二页，共38页。2

ThePassiveVoice(被动语态〕第三页，共38页。3

语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语(zhǔyǔ)和动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态动词的主语(zhǔyǔ)是动作的执行者，而被动语态动词的主语(zhǔyǔ)是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。

英语(yīnɡyǔ)语态被动语态的构成(gòuchéng)workedopenedclosedseentaught

asked

work

close

openask

seeteache.g.由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词〔V-ed〕构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。第四页，共38页。4英语(yīnɡyǔ)的谓语动词有两种语态WespeakEnglish.主语(zhǔyǔ)谓语(wèiyǔ)宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语宾变主,主变宾,前加by动变被,看清be,结构分别be+pp主动语态被动语态第五页，共38页。5主变被解题(jiětí)步骤:1.找宾语(bīnyǔ)----即动作的承受者They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

Shoes2.判断宾语(bīnyǔ)的单复数----即be动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词

made5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语/宾语.bythem.第六页，共38页。6

Tom

broke

thewindow.

Thewindow

wasbroken

byTom.

Tom

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byTom.

He

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byhim.

第七页，共38页。7

Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.Thebridge

(build)lastyear.TheOlympicGames

(hold)everyfouryears.Theproblem

(discuss)atthemeetingnow.Hisnewbook

(publish)nextmonth.Theclassroom

(notclean)yet.

wasbuilt

areheldisbeingdiscussed

willbepublished

hasnotbeencleaned

第八页，共38页。8Readtext-1

6.

Themachine

(repair)atthistimeyesterday.7.Shesaidthereport

(type)byLiMeifortwoweeks.8.MissLisaidthebook

(give)tothestudentsthenextmorning.9.BytheendofnexttermtwothousandEnglishwords

(learn).10.Hesaidtheproject.(finish)by2010.wasbeingrepairedhadbeentypedwouldbegiven

willhavebeenlearnedwouldhavebeenfinished

第九页，共38页。9Readtext-2

Whencanweusethepassivevoice?不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要(bìyào)指出动作的执行者时。

Mybikewasstolenlastnight.昨晚我的自行车被偷了。Lettersarecollectedateighteverymorning.信件每天早晨(zǎochen)八点收取。ThedeskwasmadebyMasterWang.这张课桌是王师傅做的。Thebagwastakenawaybyhissister.那个口袋(kǒudɑi)是她姐姐提走的。2.为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。第十页，共38页。10Article1_popwin_title3.为了(wèile)更好地安排句子。Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.〔一个主语就够了〕那个名人一上车就立刻(lìkè)被大家认出来了。Ihaveanewskirt.Itwasgiventomeasabirthdaypresentbymyaunt.我有条新裙子。它是我阿姨送给(sònɡɡěi)我作为生日礼物的。4.在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。如：第十一页，共38页。11Article1_popwin_headforHowtochangetheactivevoiceintothepassivevoice?

将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be+过去分词〞形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(假设(jiǎshè)动作的执行者没有必要说明那么可以省略该by短语)。把SVO〔主动(zhǔdòng)宾〕句型的主动(zhǔdòng)句转换成被动句，原句中的宾语作被动句的主语。

e.g.LiLeiplantedthetreelastyear.→ThetreewasplantedbyLiLeilastyear.WorkersmadethemachinesinChangsha.→ThemachinesweremadeinChangsha.根本(gēnběn)方法第十二页，共38页。122.把SVoO〔主动(zhǔdòng)间宾直宾〕的主动(zhǔdòng)句转换成被动句，常用原句中的间接宾语作被动句中的主语。

Article1_popwin_tape.g.Theygaveheraprize.→Shewasgivenaprize.XiaoLi’sbrothertaughthimEnglish.→

XiaoLiwastaughtEnglishbyhisbrother.e.g.Hepaintedthedoorgreenyesterday.→Thedoorwaspaintedgreenyesterday.WecalledthestudentCleverHans.→Thestudentwascalled

CleverHans.3.SVOC〔主动宾宾补〕句型转换为被动句时，原句中的宾语(bīnyǔ)补语就成为主语补语。第十三页，共38页。13Article2_popwin_pullover4.短语动词(dòngcí)转换为被动态时，通常被看作是一个动词(dòngcí)，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。e.g.Theylookedafterthechildrenwell.→Thechildrenwerewelllookedafter.

Wehasputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.→

Themeetinghasbeen

putofftillnextweek.e.g.LiLeitoldusthattheteacherpraisedhimtoday.→WeweretoldthatLiLeiwaspraisedbytheteachertoday.5.复合句的主动语态(yǔtài)变被动语态(yǔtài)时，复合句中的主句和从句都须同时变为被动语态(yǔtài)。如：第十四页，共38页。14Article2_popwin_radio英语中用主动(zhǔdòng)表被动的几种特殊情况2.某些“be+形容词+todo〞结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式(xíngshì)表示被动意义：连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式(xíngshì)。但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词(如look,sound,smell,feel,taste等)可用主动表被动：Thebuildinglooksverybeautiful.

这座建筑看上去很美。Hervoicesoundedquitesweet.她的声音听起来非常甜美。Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.

这书很难懂。Themusicisn’tpleasanttolistento.

这音乐不好听。第十五页，共38页。15Article3_popwin_flight

3.不定式用于某些动词(如have,havegot,get等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常(tōngcháng)用主动形式表示被动意义。Ihavesomeclothestowash.我有一些(yīxiē)衣服要洗。MissGreenhassomeimportantletterstosend.格林小姐有一些(yīxiē)重要的信件要寄。注：假设不定式的逻辑主语(zhǔyǔ)不是句子的主语(zhǔyǔ)，那么应用被动式，比较：Ihavesomethingtotype.我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)Ihavesomethingtobetyped.我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)第十六页，共38页。164.在too…todosth和…enoughtodosth这两个结构中，假设句子(jùzi)主语与其后不定式todosth为被动关系，那么该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用被动式)。Theteaistoohottodrink.茶太热，不能喝。 Theseboxesarenotstrongenoughtouse[tobeused]asaplatform.这些箱子不够(bùgòu)牢，不能用作站台。第十七页，共38页。176.在need,want,require等少数表示“需要〞的动词后的动名词用主动(zhǔdòng)形式表被动意义。5.beworth后的动名词要用主动(zhǔdòng)表被动。

Thehouseneedscleaning.房子需要清扫(qīngsǎo)了。Thesechildrenrequirelookingafter.这些孩子需要照看。Thehouseneedstobecleaned.Thesechildrenrequiretobelookedafter.

Thismovieisworthseeing.

这部影片值得一看。

Theproblemisnotworthdiscussing.

这个问题不值得讨论。

第十八页，共38页。18几种(jǐzhǒnɡ)值得注意的被动语态变化．１带复合(fùhé)宾语的被动语态结构．〔１〕makesb.dosth.sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreen

made

Jim

do

hishomeworkathome.Jim

wasmadetodo

hishomework

byMrGreen

athome.watchlethavehearseenotice第十九页，共38页。19(2)seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.hear/watch/….第二十页，共38页。20Weoftenhear

themsingthissong.Theyareoftenheardtosingthissong(byus).Thissong

isoftenheard(byus)tobesung(bythem).第二十一页，共38页。21Bob

sent

Kate

aletterlastyear.=Kate

wassent

aletter

byBoblastyear.=Aletter

wassent

toKate

byBoblastyear.tellaskbringwritegiveteachpasslend…toHetoldJimastory.第二十二页，共38页。22Mummademeanewdress.Iwasmade

anewdressbyMum.Anewdress

wasmade

for

mebyMum.makebuydraw…forIboughtmybrotherabook.第二十三页，共38页。23注意(zhùyì):约翰翻开了收音机。Johnturnedontheradio.Theradiowasturnedon.奶奶照看(zhàokàn)我姐姐。Grandmatakescareofmysister.Mysisteristakencareof

byGrandma.注：千万不要(bùyào)遗漏介词或副词。Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely.第二十四页，共38页。24Theysaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.Itwassaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.类似(lèisì)的还有：

Itisreported/believed/hoped/supposedthat......第二十五页，共38页。251).不及物动词(jíwùdònɡcí)没有被动语态。

如：belong,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,等。

*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.

*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike.

不用被动语态的几种(jǐzhǒnɡ)情况：第二十六页，共38页。26不用(bùyòng)被动语态的几种情况：2)表示(biǎoshì)静态的及物动词不用被动语态have/fitIhaveaTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.3〕祈使句一般(yībān)没有被动语态。【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．第二十七页，共38页。27不用被动语态的几种(jǐzhǒnɡ)情况：4.系动词没有(méiyǒu)被动态和进行时态这鱼味道(wèidao)很好。这条围巾摸上去很软。Thefish

tastes

good.Thescarf

feels

soft.第二十八页，共38页。285.反身代词(fǎnshēndàicí)在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter4.某些(mǒuxiē)动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。Thebook

sells

well.Thiskindofcloth

washesverywell.这书卖完了。Thebook

issold

out.第二十九页，共38页。29这块表需要修理(xiūlǐ)一下。Thewatchneedsmending.=Thewatchneedstobemended.=Weneedtomendthewatch.

want第三十页，共38页。30Didhefinishtheworkyesterday?Werethebookstakenawaybythegirl?Didthegirltakeawaythebooks?WasthewindowbrokenbyTom?______Tom______thewindow?DidbreakWastheworkfinishedbyhimyesterday？第三十一页，共38页。31Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?__thisquestionoften_____about______?Istalked

bythemDoesn’tBobcleanthestreeteveryday?_______thestreet_________byBobeveryday?Isn’tcleaned第三十二页，共38页。32Hetoldustogettoschoolearly.Ourparentsaskustostayathomeatnight.Weweretoldtogettoschoolearlybyhim.Weareaskedtostayathomeatnight.---Didyougototheparty?---No,I____________(invite)wasn’tinvited第三十三页，共38页。33Thebridge______________inthreeweeks.(finish)Youcangooutifyourhomework______(do)

willbefinishedisdoneThisisoneofthethingsthat_________(see)thatday.wereseenWhenwasPRC_________(found)?wasseenThisis