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DNA序列分类摘要本问题是一种“有人管理分类问题”。首先分别列举出20个学习样本序列中1字符串、2字符串、3字符串出现频率,构成含41个变量基本特性集,接着用主成分分析法从中提取出4个特性。然后用Fisher线性鉴别法进行分类,得出了所求20个人工制造序列及182个自然序列分类成果如下:20个人工序列:22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,37为A类,别旳为B类。182个自然序列:1,4,8,10,27,29,32,41,43,48,54,63,70,72,75,76,81,86,90,92,102,110,116,119,126,131,144,150,157,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,169,170,182为B类,别旳为A类。最终通过检查证明所用分类数学模型效率较高。问题重述人类基因组筹划中DNA全序列草图是由4个字符A,T,C,G按一定次序排成长约30亿序列,其中没有“断句”也没有标点符号。虽然人类对它知之甚少,但也发现了其中某些规律性和构造。例如,在全序列中有某些是用于编码蛋白质序列片段,即由这4个字符构成64种不一样3字符串,其中大多数用于编码构成蛋白质20种氨基酸。又例如,在不用于编码蛋白质序列片段中,A和T含量尤其多些,于是以某些碱基尤其丰富作为特性去研究DNA序列构造也获得了某些成果。此外,运用记录措施还发现序列某些片段之间具有有关性,等等。这些发现让人们相信,DNA序列中存在着局部和全局性构造,充足发掘序列构造对理解DNA全序列是十分故意义。目前在这项研究中最一般思想是省略序列某些细节,突出特性,然后将其体现到恰当数学对象。作为研究DNA序列构造尝试,提出如下对序列集合进行分类问题:1)请从20个已知类他人工制造序列(其中序列标号1—10为A类,11-20为B类)中提取特性,构造分类措施,并用这些已知类别序列,衡量你措施与否足够好。然后用你认为满意措施,对此外20个未标明类他人工序列(标号21—40)进行分类,把成果用序号(按从小到大次序)标明它们类别(无法分类不写入)同样措施对182个自然DNA序列(它们都较长)进行分类,像1)同样地给出分类成果。二.模型合理假设各序列中DNA碱基三联组(即3字符串)起始位置和基因体现不影响分类成果。64种3字符串压缩为20组后不影响分类成果。较长182个自然序列与已知类别20个样本序列具有共同特性。三.模型建立与求解研究DNA序列具有什么构造,其A,T,C,G4个碱基排成看似随机序列中隐藏着什么规律,是解读人类基因组筹划中DNA全序列草图基本,也是生物信息学(Bioinformaties)最重要课题之一。题目给出了20个已知为两个类他人工制造DNA序列,规定咱们从中提取特性,构造分类措施,从而对20个未标明类他人工DNA序列和182个自然DNA序列进行分类。这是模式识别中“有人管理分类”问题,即事先规定了分类原则和种类数目,通过大批已知样本信息处理找出规律,再用计算机预报未知。给出已知类别样本称为学习样本。对于此类问题,咱们通过建立分类数学模型(这波及形成和提取特性以及制定分类决策)、考察分类模型效率、预报未知这几种环节来进行。特性形成和提取为了有效地实现分类识别,首先要根据被识别对象产生一组基本特性,并对基本特性进行变换,得到最能反应分类本质特性。这就是特性形成和提取过程。在列举了尽量完备特性参数集之后,就要借助于数学措施,使特性参数数目(在保证分类良好前提下)减到最小。这是由于:1.多出特性参数不仅没有多少好处,并且会带来噪音,干扰分类和数学模型建立。2.为了保证样本数和特性参数个数比值足够大,而又不必要用太多样本,最佳使特性参数个数降至至少。模式识别计算一般规定样本数至少为变量数3倍,否则成果不够可靠。本问题学习样本数为20个,故特性参数个数以6—8个为宜。咱们通过研究4个字符A,T,C,G在DNA序列中排列、组合特性,重要是研究字符和字符串排列在序列中出现频率,从中提取DNA序列构造特性参数。(一)特性形成分别列举一种字符,2个字符,3个字符排列在序列中出现频率,构成基本特性集。1个字符出现频率表1列出了20个样本中A,T,C,G这4个字符出现频率。由于在不用于编码蛋白质序列片段中,A和T含量尤其多些,因而咱们将A和T与否尤其丰富作为一种特性。在表一中,列出了A和T出现频率之和。(程序见附录一)表 1ACTGA+T1.29.7317.1213.5139.6443.242.27.0316.2215.3241.4442.343.27.0321.626.3145.0533.334.42.3410.8128.8318.0271.175.23.4223.4210.8142.3434.236.35.1412.6112.6139.6447.757.35.149.9118.9236.0454.058.27.9316.2218.9236.9446.859.20.7220.7215.3243.2436.0410.18.1827.2713.6440.9131.8211.35.454.5550.0010.0085.4512.32.732.7350.0014.5582.7313.25.4510.0051.8212.7377.2714.30.008.1850.0011.8280.0015.29.09.0064.556.3693.6416.36.368.1846.369.0982.7317.35.4524.5526.3613.6461.8218.29.0911.8250.009.0979.0919.21.8214.5556.367.2778.1820.20.0017.2756.366.3676.362.2字符串排列出现频率A,T,C,G这4个字符构成了16种不一样2字符串。表2列出了20个样本中各2字符串出现频率。(用“滚动”算法,如attcg有at,tt,tc,cg共4个2字符串)(程序与附录一类似)表2AAACATAGTATCTGTTCACTCCCGGAGTGCGG1.9.019.013.608.114.50.904.503.603.603.601.808.1111.712.705.4118.922.9.917.213.605.412.701.805.415.414.501.80.909.019.914.505.4121.623.5.4111.713.605.412.701.80.90.905.41.90.9014.4113.51.907.2123.424.18.925.4111.715.4110.811.805.4110.815.411.80.902.706.314.502.704.505.6.318.111.807.211.802.702.703.605.414.502.7010.819.91.909.0121.626.15.322.706.319.913.601.801.805.414.50.00.008.1110.81.908.1119.827.15.321.8010.817.214.502.706.315.41.901.80.906.3113.51.904.5016.228.8.113.606.319.915.413.602.707.212.703.601.808.1110.811.807.2116.229.9.01.904.506.31.003.607.214.503.602.702.7011.717.213.6013.5118.0210.6.363.641.826.361.825.452.733.645.453.644.5513.644.553.6413.6418.1811.15.452.7314.552.7316.36.911.8230.00.91.91.911.822.734.55.002.7312.13.64.9110.916.3615.451.821.8230.91.91.91.00.912.737.27.004.5513.6.364.5510.004.5512.731.822.7334.552.732.731.821.823.644.551.822.7314.8.18.9112.737.2713.646.361.8228.182.734.55.00.915.454.55.91.9115.13.64.0012.731.8213.64.002.7348.18.00.00.00.001.823.64.00.9116.16.363.6415.45.9113.644.554.5522.731.825.45.00.914.552.73.001.8217.17.275.4510.911.8210.006.364.555.454.557.279.092.733.642.733.643.6418.8.187.2711.821.8215.451.82.9130.913.643.641.822.731.823.64.912.7319.2.732.7313.641.8214.559.09.9131.821.828.181.822.732.732.73.91.9120.6.366.366.36.919.0910.003.6432.732.7313.64.91.001.823.64.00.913.3字符串排列出现频率A,T,C,G这4个字符构成了64种不一样3字符串。这64种3字符串构成生物蛋白质20种氨基酸。在参照文献[1]Figur2中,给出了这20种氨基酸编码(见图1)。因而,在计算3字符串出现频率时,咱们根据图1将代表同一种氨基酸3字符串合成一类,只记录20类3字符串出现频率。(不考虑字符串在序列片段中起始位置,也采用“滚动”算法。如acgtcc中就有acg,cgt,gtc,tcc共4个3字符串)见表3。(程序与附录一类似)Figure2.Symmetriesofthediamondcodesortthe64codonsinto20classes,indicatedhereby20colors.Allthecodonsineachclassspecifiedthesameaminoacid.图1BrianHayes在论文“TheInventionoftheGeneticCode”中给出图形(注:图中DNA被转录为RNA,“U”代表“T”)表3b1b2b3b4b5b6b7b8b9b10b11b12b13b14b15b16b17b18b19b2011.773.542.650.880.000.007.960.884.422.6517.7010.623.544.424.427.081.773.5413.277.0821.891.890.940.940.000.941.890.944.7212.267.5511.328.493.773.776.609.436.607.552.8330.980.000.005.880.988.822.940.000.002.9410.785.8813.730.004.903.9219.611.968.825.8840.000.000.000.870.000.8713.041.746.092.6111.3013.043.485.223.488.703.481.7414.78,7.8352.860.000.003.810.953.813.810.003.813.819.529.5212.382.869.524.767.622.867.629.5260.000.000.882.630.001.7513.160.884.391.7514.049.657.025.264.3911.402.631.7510.536.1471.920.000.002.880.964.812.880.001.924.8112.506.7313.461.926.734.8110.583.859.627.6982.563.420.000.850.850.8512.820.851.710.8520.512.563.429.405.9811.110.854.2711.973.4290.000.000.002.972.979.902.970.000.993.966.931.9813.861.982.973.9623.762.978.916.93101.870.933.742.800.000.002.800.007.488.419.357.483.7414.9512.150.002.804.677.487.48110.000.890.000.000.001.798.040.005.364.4615.188.048.934.463.578.044.466.2513.395.36122.730.000.912.730.913.644.553.643.641.829.095.453.645.456.367.278.185.4510.919.09131.800.900.900.900.000.909.010.003.607.2114.418.117.216.317.214.501.807.2111.714.50142.940.000.005.880.006.861.960.003.926.863.929.8013.730.985.882.9410.780.9810.789.80152.911.942.911.940.005.831.940.001.949.715.838.7410.681.943.883.888.742.9111.6510.68162.860.950.0011.431.901.902.860.004.763.815.718.578.576.679.524.765.712.867.627.62171.920.961.924.811.923.851.920.960.966.734.818.6510.582.886.732.889.626.738.657.69181.710.851.710.850.852.5616.240.851.710.8516.245.136.845.983.4211.111.715.1311.113.42190.940.941.890.940.940.941.890.9410.387.555.669.438.498.497.555.666.6011.326.600.94200.860.860.001.720.860.8617.240.862.591.7215.527.765.173.454.319.485.175.179.485.17其中b1=aaa+atab2=aca+agab3=cac+ctcb4=ccc+cgcb5=gag+gtgb6=gcg+gggb7=tat+tttb8=tct+tgtb9=aac+caa+atc+ctab10=aag+gaa+atg+gtab11=aat+taa+att+ttab12=acc+cca+agc+cgab13=acg+gac+ctg+gtcb14=act+tca+agt+tgab15=cag+gac+ctt+ttcb16=cat+tac+ctt+ttcb17=ccg+gcc+cgg+ggcb18=cct+tcc+cgt+tgcb19=gat+tag+gtt+ttgb20=gct+tcg+ggt+tgg综合起来,形成了有41个变量基本特性集。(二)特性提取上述基本特性集中有41个变量,即样本处在一种高维空间中。特性提取就是通过变换措施用低维空间来体现样本,使得X大某些特性能由Y来体现,即将p维随机向量X变换成q维随机向量Y(q<p)。咱们用主成分分析法进行特性提取,其环节是:求X均方差矩阵V特性根,记为:λ1≥λ2≥……≥λk>0λk+1=……=λP=0求λ1,λ2……λK对应原则正交特性向量r1,r2……rK得到第i个主成分为yi=riX,i=1,2……K求第i个主成分奉献率ui=λi/λj,i=1,2……K及前m个主成分合计奉献率vm=ui.求得q,使得Vq≥V0(V0一般在0.85到1之间),则取W=(r1,r2,……,rq)Y=XW第3步所求奉献率,代表主成分体现X能力,奉献率越大,对应主成分体现X能力越强。只要前q个主成分合计奉献率超过给定比例V。就可以用低维特性Y=(y1,y2,……yq)来反应高维特性(x1,x2……xp)变化特性。现将反应20个已知类别样本41个特性随机向量X进行特性提取。计算得前4个主成分合计奉献率为96%,故提取特性为4个变量,取W=(r1,r2,r3,r4),则Y=XW,Y4个分量就是从基本特性集提取所得特性参数向量。(程序及成果见附录二)分类决策制定前面已选用了特性参数,把特性参数张成多维空间称为特性空间。分类决策就是在特性空间中用记录措施把被识别对象归为某一类别。基本作法是在学习样本集基本上确定某个判决规则,使按这种判决规则对被甄别对象进行分类所导致错误识别率最小或引起损失至少。这里,咱们分类决策选用Fisher线性鉴别法。即选用线性鉴别函数U(x),使得:U(x)={E1[U(x)]-E2[U(x)]}2/{D1[U(x)]+D2[U(x)]}=max(1)其中Ei与Di分别体现母体i期望和方差运算,i=1,2。(1)式含义是:构造一种线性鉴别函数U(x)对样本进行分类,使得平均出错概率最小。即应在不一样母体下,使U(x)取值尽量分开。详细地说,要使母体间差异(E1(U(x))-E2(U(x)))2相对于母体内差异D1[U(x)]+D2[U(x)]为最大。取U(x)=(1-2)'(∑1+∑2)-1X就可满足(1)。其中i为第i类母体均值矩阵估计,∑i为第i类母体方差矩阵估计。取分类门槛值为:U0=U(α*1+(1-α)*2)其中0<α<1,本问题中两类样本个数相等,可取α=1/2。若U(1)>U0,U(2)<U0,则当U(X)>U0.,就认为X取自母体1;当U(X)<U0,就认为X取自母体2。用上面得出4个主成分构成特性组和此分类决策,对20个学习样本进行分类,能得出对旳成果。不过,若取W=(r1,r2,r3),求Y=XW,以Y3个分量作为特性参数向量,再用Fisher线性鉴别法对20个学习样本进行分类,则第四个样本不能对旳分类。因而,得出分类数学模型为:特性选用:取W=(r1,r2,r3,r4),求Y=XW,得出特性参数向量就是Y4个列向量。其中X是反应20个学习样本41个特性随机向量。分类决策:Fisher线性鉴别法。三.分类模型有效性考察前面建立分类数学模型对20个学习样本进行了对旳分类。为了深入考察分类模型有效性和可靠性,咱们采用措施是:预先留一某些学习样本不参与训练,然后用分类决策模型对其作预报,将预报成功率作为预报能力指标。每次取出一种学习样本,以别旳学习样本作训练集,用分类决策模型对取出一种样本作预报,同步对给出后20种样本作预报。成果见表4。表4取出样品序号取出样本类别预报后20组样本中A类序号预报1A22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,372A22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,373A22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,374A23,25,27,29,34,35,36,375A22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,376A22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,377A22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,378A22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,379A22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,3710A22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,3711B22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,3712B22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,3713B22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,3714B22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,3715B22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,37,3916B22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,3717B22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,37,30,3918B22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,3719B22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,3720B22,23,25,27,29,34,35,37从表4可以看出:每次取出一种学习样本,以别旳学习样本作训练集,用分类模型对该学习样本预报成功率是100%。每次取出一种学习样本,以别旳学习样本作训练集,用分类模型对未知类别第21~40个样本进行预报,其成果有如下特点:除分别取出4、15、17,20预报成果不一样外,分别取出别旳16中一种,预报成果均为:22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,37,占80%。分别取出4、15、20预报成果,与(1)成果相比,只有一种样本差异,占15%。取出17预报成果,与(1)成果相比,有两个样本差异,占5%。第一种成果和第二种成果非常靠近,合计占总数95%。只有第三组这一种成果有较大差异,占总数5%。由以上检查得出结论:所建立分类数学模型分类效果很好。四.未知样本预报目前用前面建立数学模型对题目所给未知类型20个人工序列和182个自然序列进行预报。(程序见附录三)成果为:20个人工序列类别A类:22,23,25,27,29,34,35,36,37B类:21、24、26、28、30、31、32、33、38、39、40182个自然序列类别A类:(共142个)2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,28,30,31,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,42,44,45,46,47,49,50,51,52,53,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,64,65,66,67,68,69,71,73,74,77,78,79,80,82,83,84,85,87,88,89,91,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,111,112,113,114,115,117,118,120,121,122,123,124,125,127,128,129,130,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,145,146,147,148,149,151,152,153,154,155,156,158,167,168,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181B类:(共40个)1,4,8,10,27,29,32,41,43,48,54,63,70,72,75,76,81,86,90,92,102,110,116,119,126,131,144,150,157,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,169,170,182模型优缺陷分析长处:针对`“有人管理分类”问题,成功地建立处理此类难题数学模型,并可及时运用到实践中去。仅用4个特性参数即圆满处理了较为复杂分类问题。并且模型假设条件少,因而能精确地反应实际状况,可靠性高。采用模块化分析,逐渐深入,提高了精确性。突出特性,假设合理,防止了在某些细节问题上纠缠。缺陷:由于只考虑了DNA样本序列中1字符串、2字符串、3字符串出现频率作为特性,DNA序列分类不一定与实际状况完全相符。(可以由科学家用物理或化学措施测定,作为补充)。模型改善方向及推广模型改善:由于模型没考虑DNA序列实际特性,当序列变得诸多很长很复杂时,分类精确性会减少而不可用,因而应增长对DNA序列生物特性考虑。模型推广:该模型对一般“有人管理分类”问题求解有重要意义。对研究DNA序列规律性和构造提供了一种有效分类模型。对人类基因组研究有现实意义,有助于加紧科研步伐。六.参照文献[1]TheInventionoftheGeneticCode,BrainHayes(美),AmericanScientist—ComputingScience,Jan.-Feb.,1998[2]《MATLAB入门》后勤工程学院1997[3]《数学试验》萧树铁主编高等教导出版社1999[4]《概率论第二册——数理记录》复旦大学高等教导出版社1985[5]《生命科学模型》WilliamF.Lucas主编国防科技大学出版社1996[6]《运筹学基本手册》徐光煇主编科学出版社1999[7]《数学模型》姜启源主编高等数学出版社1993七.附录附录一1个字符出现频率计算程序]CHARACTER*121LINE(40) integera,c,t,g,at READ*,LINE DO20II=1,40 iii=ii+20A=0 C=0 T=0 G=0DO10I=1,121 IF(LINE(ii)(I:I).EQ.’a’)THEN A=A+1 elseif(line(ii)(I:I).eq.’c’)then c=c+1 elseif(line(ii)(I:I).eq.’t’)then t=t+1 elseif(line(ii)(I:I).eq.’g’)then g=g+1ENDIFcontinue at=a+t actg=a+c+t+g aa=a/actg*100. cc=c/actg*100. tt=t/actg*100. gg=g/actg*100. aatt=at/actg*100. open(5,file='t1.dat',status='old') write(5,1)aa,cc,tt,gg1 format(1x,4f7.2)20 CONTINUE END附录二基本特性量提取程序及成果d=[27.4319.4736.2816.8163.72;28.8524.0422.1225.0050.96;17.6525.4918.6338.2436.27;20.8719.1340.8719.1361.74;24.7622.8621.9030.4846.67;21.9321.0538.6018.4260.53;23.0820.1923.0833.6546.15;25.6414.5344.4415.3870.09;14.8521.7818.8144.5533.66;28.9724.3025.2321.5054.21;24.1117.8635.7122.3259.82;17.4322.9433.0326.6150.46;27.0318.9233.3320.7260.36;23.5323.5316.6736.2740.20;24.2721.3620.3933.9844.66;22.8630.4820.9525.7143.81;21.3625.2420.3933.0141.75;22.2217.0943.5917.0965.81;27.3628.3023.5820.7550.94;19.8319.8343.1017.2462.93];dd=[5.314.427.968.859.736.191.7718.586.194.424.424.426.194.424.421.77;7.699.623.857.699.623.85.966.732.881.927.6911.547.698.652.884.81;2.943.925.884.903.922.941.969.80.001.9612.759.8010.78.984.9021.57;1.744.353.4811.3013.041.742.6122.612.619.574.352.613.484.358.702.61;6.673.813.819.525.711.904.769.527.624.767.622.864.763.819.5212.38;3.513.515.269.657.894.391.7524.567.896.141.754.392.632.6311.401.75;5.774.814.817.696.732.882.8810.582.882.887.696.737.694.814.8115.38;3.425.139.406.8411.975.133.4223.932.566.842.562.567.693.421.712.56;1.981.983.966.933.962.972.978.911.98.998.918.916.934.957.9224.75;9.355.612.8010.287.485.615.616.548.417.482.805.613.748.419.35.00;2.685.364.4611.6115.181.79.8916.963.576.253.574.462.687.147.145.36;5.502.752.756.426.427.344.5913.764.595.506.426.42.9210.096.428.26;5.417.217.217.2110.811.805.4115.323.604.502.707.217.216.316.31.90;7.844.90.988.824.90.982.947.842.943.929.806.867.843.926.8617.65;5.834.853.889.717.773.881.946.803.882.913.889.716.806.808.7411.65;4.763.811.9012.388.575.71.006.675.713.8110.4810.483.818.579.522.86;3.882.912.9110.685.83.976.805.835.835.839.713.884.855.8311.6510.68;3.429.405.983.4210.261.714.2727.355.133.424.273.422.566.841.715.98;8.495.664.728.494.728.492.836.6011.321.899.435.662.839.434.723.77;3.457.764.314.3110.34.863.4527.591.726.038.623.454.315.171.726.03];ddd=[1.773.542.65.88.00.007.96.884.422.6517.7010.623.544.424.427.081.773.5413.277.08;1.921.92.96.96.00.961.92.964.8112.507.6911.548.653.853.856.739.626.737.692.88;.98.00.005.88.988.822.94.00.002.9410.785.8813.73.004.903.9219.611.968.825.88;.00.00.00.87.00.8713.041.746.092.6111.3013.043.485.223.488.703.481.7414.787.83;2.86.00.003.81.953.813.81.003.813.819.529.5212.382.869.523.817.622.867.629.52;.00.00.882.63.001.7513.16.884.391.7514.049.657.025.264.3911.402.631.7510.536.14;1.92.00.002.88.964.812.88.001.924.8112.506.7313.461.926.734.8110.583.859.627.69;2.563.42.00.85.85.8512.82.851.71.8520.512.563.429.405.9811.11.854.2711.973.42;.00.00.002.972.979.902.97.00.993.966.931.9813.861.982.973.9623.762.978.916.93;1.87.933.742.80.00.002.80.007.488.419.357.483.7414.9512.15.002.804.677.487.48;.00.89.00.00.001.798.04.005.364.4615.188.048.934.463.578.044.466.2513.395.36;2.75.00.922.75.923.674.593.673.671.839.175.503.675.506.427.348.265.5011.019.17;1.80.90.90.90.00.909.01.003.607.2114.418.117.216.317.214.501.807.2111.714.50;2.94.00.005.88.006.861.96.003.926.863.929.8013.73.985.882.9410.78.9810.789.80;2.911.942.911.94.005.831.94.001.949.715.838.7410.681.943.883.888.742.9111.6510.68;2.86.95.0011.431.901.902.86.004.763.815.718.578.576.679.524.765.712.867.627.62;1.94.971.944.851.943.881.94.97.976.804.858.7410.682.916.802.919.716.808.747.77;1.71.851.71.85.852.5616.24.851.71.8516.245.136.845.983.4211.111.715.1311.113.42;.94.941.89.94.94.941.89.9410.387.555.669.438.498.497.555.666.6011.326.60.94;.86.86.001.72.86.8617.24.862.591.7215.527.765.173.454.319.485.175.179.485.17];x=[29.7317.1213.5139.6443.24;27.0316.2215.3241.4442.34;27.0321.626.3145.0533.33;42.3410.8128.8318.0271.17;23.4223.4210.8142.3434.23;35.1412.6112.6139.6447.75;35.149.9118.9236.0454.05;27.9316.2218.9236.9446.85;20.7220.7215.3243.2436.04;18.1827.2713.6440.9131.82;;35.454.5550.0010.0085.45;32.732.7350.0014.5582.73;25.4510.0051.8212.7377.27;30.008.1850.0011.8280.00;29.09.0064.556.3693.64;36.368.1846.369.0982.73;35.4524.5526.3613.6461.82;29.0911.8250.009.0979.09;21.8214.5556.367.2778.18;20.0017.2756.366.3676.36];xx=[9.019.013.608.114.50.904.503.603.603.601.808.1111.712.705.4118.92;9.917.213.605.412.701.805.415.414.501.80.909.019.914.505.4121.62;5.4111.713.605.412.701.80.90.905.41.90.9014.4113.51.907.2123.42;18.925.4111.715.4110.811.805.4110.815.411.80.902.706.314.502.704.50;6.318.111.807.211.802.702.703.605.414.502.7010.819.91.909.0121.62;15.322.706.319.913.601.801.805.414.50.00.008.1110.81.908.1119.82;15.321.8010.817.214.502.706.315.41.901.80.906.3113.51.904.5016.22;8.113.606.319.915.413.602.707.212.703.601.808.1110.811.807.2116.22;9.01.904.506.31.003.607.214.503.602.702.7011.717.213.6013.5118.02;6.363.641.826.361.825.452.733.645.453.644.5513.644.553.6413.6418.18;15.452.7314.552.7316.36.911.8230.00.91.91.911.822.734.55.002.73;13.64.9110.916.3615.451.821.8230.91.91.91.00.912.737.27.004.55;6.364.5510.004.5512.731.822.7334.552.732.731.821.823.644.551.822.73;8.18.9112.737.2713.646.361.8228.182.734.55.00.915.454.55.91.91;13.64.0012.731.8213.64.002.7348.18.00.00.00.001.823.64.00.91;16.363.6415.45.9113.644.554.5522.731.825.45.00.914.552.73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