2018年12月大学英语四级真题试题(卷)和答案(三套全)

目录TOC\o"1-5"\h\z\o"CurrentDocument"2017年12月大学英语四级真题试题一（完整版） 1答案 15\o"CurrentDocument"2017年12月大学英语四级真题试题二（完整版） 15答案 242017年12月大学英语四级真题试题三（完整版） 24答案 342017年12月大学英语四级真题试题一（完整版）PartIWritingPartIWriting(25minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanashorteasyonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatients.Youshouldwriteatleast10wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestions,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Questions1to2arebasedonthenewreportyouhavejustheard.A)Hergrandfather.B)Hergrandfather.C)HerfriendErika.D)Herlittlebrother.A)Bytakingpicturesforpassers-by.Bysellinglemonadeandpictures.Byworkingparttimeatahospital.Byaskingforhelponsocialmedia.Questions3to4arebasedonthenewreportyouhavejustheard.A)Testingtheefficiencyofthenewsolarpanel.Providingcleanenergytofivemillionpeople.Generatingelectricpowerforpassingvehicles.Findingcheaperwaysofhighwayconstruction.A)Theyaremadefromcheapmaterials.Theyareonlyabouthalfaninchthick.Theycanbelaidrightontopofexistinghighways.A)Theycanstandthewearandtearofnaturalelements.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewreportyouhavejustheard.A)Thelackofcluesaboutthespecies.Endlessfightingintheregion.Inadequatefundingforresearch.Thehazardsfromthedesert.A)Toobservethewildlifeinthetwonationalparks.B)TostudythehabitatoflionsinSudanandEthiopia.Toidentifythereasonsforthelions"disappearance.Tofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“lostlions”.A)Lions"tracks.B)Lionswalking.Somecampingfacilities.Trapssetbylocalhunters.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAmwerSheet4withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Aspecialgiftfromtheman.Acallfromherdad.Herweddinganniversary.Her„luckybirthday”.A)Threwherasurpriseparty.Boughtheragoodnecklace.Withatraveler”scheckWithhissmartphoneA)Whatherhusbandandthemanareupto.Whathasbeentroublingherhusband.Thetripherhusbandhasplanned.Thegiftherhusbandhasbought..A)Hewantstofindoutaboutthecoupletholidayplan.Heiseagertolearnhowthecouplersholidayturnsout.Hewilltellthewomenthesecretifherhusbandagrees.Hewillbegladtobeaguideforthecouplersholidaytrip.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Theytaketherivalsattitudeintoaccount.Theyknowwhentoadoptatoughattitude.Theyaresensitivetothedynamicsofanegotiation.D)Theyseetheimportanceofmakingcompromises.A)Theyknowwhentostop.Theyknowhowtoadapt.Theyknowwhentomakecompromises.Theyknowhowtocontroltheiremotion.A)Theyarepatient.Theylearnquickly.Theyaregoodatexpression.Theyupholdtheirprinciples.A)Clarifyitemsofnegotiation.Makeclearone'sintentions.Gettoknowtheotherside.Formulateone'sstrategy.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron/曾勺worShoot?withasinglelinethroughthecentre.QuestionsQuestions#to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Sitdownandtrytocalmyourself.Callyourfamilyorfriendsforhelp.Useamaptoidentifyyourlocation.Trytofollowyourfootprintsback.A)Youmayendupenteringawonderland.Youmaygetdrownedinasuddenflood.Youmayexposeyourselftounexpecteddangers.Youmayfindawayoutwithoutyourknowingit.A)Walkuphill.Lookforfood.Startafire.Waitpatiently.A)Checkthelocalweather.Findamapandacompass.Prepareenoughfoodanddrink.Informsomebodyofyourplan.Partin ReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Weallknowthereexistsgreatvoid(空白)inthepubliceducationalsystemwhenitcomesto(26)toSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineeringMathematics),OneeducatornamedDoriRobertsdecidedtodosomethingtochangethissystem.Doritaughthighschoolengineeringfor11noticedtherewasarealvoidinqualitystemeducationatall(27)ofthepubliceducationalsystem.shesaid,“IstartedEngineeringforkids(EFK)afternoticingareallackofmath,scienceandengineeringprogramsto(28)myownkidsin.”Shedecidedtostartanafterschoolprogramwherechildren(29)inSTEM-basedclubgrewquicklyandwhenitreached180membersandthekidsintheprogramwonseveralstate(30).shedecidedtodevoteallhertimetocultivatingand(31)itTheglobalbusinessEFKwasborn.DoribeganoperatingEFKoutofherVirginiahome,whichshethenexpandedto(32)recreationcenters.Today,theEFKprogram(33)over144branchesin32stateswithintheUnitedStatesandin21countries.Saleshavedoubledfrom$5millionin2014to$10millionin2015,with25newbranchesplannedfor2016.theEFKwebsitetates,“Ournationisnot(34)enoughengineers.Ourphilosophyistoinspirekidsatayoungagetounderstandthatengineeringisagreat(35).”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)attractedB)careerC)championshipsD)degrees:\)attiacteuE)develoninpljccareerF)enrollcciiaiiipioiisiiipsG)exnosure^e)uegreesH)feasiblei-edevelopingI\feeAinciIenroiiI\nrnrliintincxj)exposure1/\in+crcci"11/ieasiuieI\I)ieeuing M)local J)graduating N)operates K)interest O)participated L)levelsSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Whyaren’tyoucuriousaboutwhathappened[A]“YoususpendedRayRiceafterourvideo，”areporterfromTMZchallengedNationalFootballLeagueCommissionerRogerGoodelltheotherday.“Whydidn'tyouhavethecuriositytogotothecasino（赌场）yourself”Theimplicationofthequestionisthatamorecuriouscommissionerwouldhavefoundawaytogetthetape.[B]Theaccusationofincuriosityisonethatwehearoften,carryingthesuggestionthatthereissomethingwrongwithnotwantingtosearchoutthetruth,”havebeenbotheredforalongtimeaboutthecuriouslackofcuriosity,”saidaDemocraticmemberoftheNewJerseylegislaturebackinJuly,referringtoaninsufficientlyinquiringattitudeonthepartofanassistanttoNewJerseyGovernorChrisChristiewhochosenottoaskhardquestionsabouttheGeorgeWashingtonBridgetrafficscandal.“Isn'tthemainstreammediatheleastbitcuriousaboutwhathappened”wroteconservativewriterJenniferRubinearlierthisyear,referringtotheattackonAmericansinBenghazi,Libya.[C]Theimplication,ineachcase,isthatcuriosityisagoodthing，andalackofcuriosityisaproblem.Aresuchaccusationssimplyeffortstoscorepoliticalpointsforone'spartyOristheresomethingofparticularvalueaboutcuriosityinandofitself[D]ThejournalistIanLeslie,inhisnewandenjoyablebookCurious:TheDesiretoKnowandWhyYourFutureDependsonIt,insiststhattheanswertothatlastquestionis„Yes'.Lesliearguesthatcuriosityisamuch-overlookedhumanvirtue,crucialtooursuccess,andthatwearelosingit.[E]Wearesuffering,hewrites,froma“serendipitydeficit.”Theword“serendipity”wascoinedbyHoraceWalpoleinan1854letter,fromataleofthreeprinceswho“werealwaysmakingdiscoveries,byaccident,ofthingstheywerenotinsearchof.”LeslieworriesthattheriseoftheInternet,amongothersocialandtechnologicalchanges,hasreducedourappetiteforaimlessadventures.Nolongerhavewetheinclinationtoletourselveswanderthroughfieldsofknowledge,readytobesurprised.Instead,weseekonlytheinformationwewant.[F]WhyisthisaproblemBecausewithoutcuriositywewilllosethespiritofinnovationandentrepreneurship.Wewillseeunimaginativegovernmentsanddyingcorporationsmakedisastrousdecisions.Wewillloseavitalpartofwhathasmadehumanityasawholesosuccessfulasaspecies.[G]Lesliepresentsconsiderableevidenceforthepropositionthatthesocietyasawholeisgrowinglesscurious.Inthe.andEurope,forexample,theriseoftheInternethasledtoadecliningconsumptionofnewsfromoutsidethereader’sborders.Butnoteverythingistobeblamedontechnology.ThedeclineininterestinliteraryfictionisalsooneofthecausesidentifiedbyLeslie.Readingliteraryfiction,hesays,makesusmorecurious.[H]Moreover,inordertobecurious,„"youhavetobeawareofagapinyourknowledgeinthefirstplace.''AlthoughLeslieperhapspaintsabitbroadlyincontendingthatmostofusareunawareofhowmuchwedon'tknow,he"ssurelyrighttopointoutthattheproblemisgrowing:“Googlecangiveusthepowerfulillusionthatallquestionshavedefiniteanswers.”[I]Indeed,Google,forwhichLeslieexpressesadmiration,isalsohisfrequentwhippingboy（替罪羊）・HequotesGoogleco-founderLarryPagetotheeffectthatthe“perfectsearchengine”will“understandexactlywhatImeanandgivemebackexactlywhatIwant.”Elsewhereinthebook,Lesliewrites:“Googleaimstosaveyoufromthethirstofcuriosityaltogether.”[J]Somewhatnostalgically（怀旧地），hequotesJohnMaynardKeynes'sjustlyfamouswordsofpraisetothebookstore:“Oneshouldenteritvaguely,almostinadream,andallowwhatistherefreelytoattractandinfluencetheeye.Towalktheroundsofthebookshops,dippinginascuriositydictates,shouldbeanafternoon’sentertainment.”Ifonly![K]Citingtheworkofpsychologistsandcognitive（认知的）scientists,Lesliecriticizesthereceivedwisdomthatacademicsuccessistheresultofacombinationofintellectualtalentandhardwork.Curiosity,heargues,isthethirdkeyfactor—andadifficultonetopreserve.Ifnotcultivated,itwillnotsurvive:“Childhoodcuriosityisacollaborationbetweenchildandadult.Thesurestwaytokillitistoleaveitalone.[L]Schooleducation,hewarns,isoftenconductedinawaythatmakeschildrenincurious.Childrenofeducatedandupper-middle-classparentsturnouttobefarmorecurious,evenatearlyages,thanchildrenofworkingclassandlowerclassfamilies.Thatlackofcuriosityproducesarelativelackofknowledge,andthelackofknowledgeisdifficultifnotimpossibletocompensateforlateron.[M]AlthoughLeslietbookisn'taboutpolitics,hedoesn'tentirelyshyawayfromtheproblem.Politicalleaders,likeleadersofotherorganizations,shouldbecurious.Theyshouldaskquestionsatcrucialmoments.Thereareseriousconsequences,hewarns,innotwantingtoknow.[N]HepresentsasanexamplethefailureoftheGeorgeW.Bushadministrationtoprepareproperlyfortheafter-effectsoftheinvasionofIraq.AccordingtoLeslie,thosewhoridiculedformerDefenseSecretaryDonaldRumsfeldforhis2002remarkthatwehavetobewaryofthe“unknownunknowns”weremistaken.Rumsfeld"sidea,Lesliewrites,“wasn'tabsurd一itwassmart.”Headds,“Thetragedyisthathedidn'tfollowhisownadvice.”[O]AllofwhichbringsusbacktoGoodellandtheChristiecaseandBenghazi.Eachcriticinthoseexamplesischarging,inadifferentway,thatsomeoneinauthorityisintentionallybeingincurious.Ileaveittothereader'spoliticalpreferencetodecidewhich,ifany,chargesshouldstick.Butlet'sbecarefulaboutdemandingcuriosityabouttheotherside'sweaknessesandremainingdeterminedlyincuriousaboutourown.Weshouldbedelightedtopursueknowledgeforitsownsake—evenwhenwhatwefindoutissomethingwedidn'tparticularlywanttoknow.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Tobecurious,weneedtorealizefirstofallthattherearemanythingswedon'tknow.AccordingtoLeslie,curiosityisessentialtoone'ssuccess.Weshouldfeelhappywhenwepursueknowledgeforknowledge'ssake.Politicalleaders'lackofcuriositywillresultinbadconsequences.Thereareoftenaccusationsaboutpoliticians'andthemedia'slackofcuriositytofindoutthetruth.Thelesscuriousachildis,thelessknowledgethechildmayturnouttohave.Itiswidelyacceptedthatacademicaccomplishmentliesinbothintelligenceanddiligence.Visitingabookshopascuriosityleadsuscanbeagoodwaytoentertainourselves.BoththeriseoftheInternetandreducedappetiteforliteraryfictioncontributetopeople”sdecliningcuriosity.Mankindwouldn'tbesoinnovativewithoutcuriosity.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflife.Itwouldseemsillytocallsuchathinga“disease.”Ontheotherhand,scientistsareincreasinglylearningthatagingandbiologicalagearetwodifferentthings,andthattheformerisakeyriskfactorforconditionssuchasheartdisease,cancerandmanymore.Inthatlight,agingitselfmightbeseenassomethingtreatable,thewayyouwouldtreathighbloodpressureoravitamindeficiency.BiophysicistAlexZhavoronkovbelievesthatagingshouldbeconsideredadisease.Hesaidthatdescribingagingasadiseasecreatesincentivestodeveloptreatments.“Ituntiesthehandsofthep力ormoceu比o/(制药的)industrysothattheycanbegintreatingthediseaseandnotjustthesideeffects,”hesaid.„„Rightnow,peoplethinkofagingasnaturalandsomethingyoucan"tcontrol:"hesaid.“Inacademiccircles,peopletakeagingresearchasjustaninterestareawheretheycantrytodevelopinterventions.Themedicalcommunityalsotakesagingforgranted,andcandonothingaboutitexceptkeeppeoplewithinacertainhealthrange.”Butifagingwererecognizedasadisease,hesaid,“Itwouldattractfundingandchangethewaywedohealthcare.Whatmattersisunderstandingthatagingiscurable.”“Itwasalwaysknownthatthebodyaccumulatesdamage,”headded.“Theonlywaytocureagingistofindwaystorepairthatdamage.Ithinkofitaspreventivemedicineforager-elatedconditions.''LeonardHayflick,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,saidtheideathatagingcanbecuredimpliesthehumanlifespancanbeincreased,whichsomeresearcherssuggestispossible.Hayflickisnotamongthem.age,“There'Yemanypeoplewhorecoverfromcancer,stroke,orheartdisease.Buttheycontinuetoage,becauseagingisseparatefromtheirdisease,”Hayflicksaid.“Evenifthosecausesofdeathwereeliminated,lifeexpectancywouldstillnotgomuchbeyond92years.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。WhatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutagingItshouldcausenoalarmwhatsoever.Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.Itshouldberegardedasakindofdisease.Theycandelayitwithadvancesinscience.HowdomanyscientistsviewagingnowItmightbepreventedandtreated.Itcanbeasriskyasheartdisease.Itresultsfromavitamindeficiency.Itisanirreversiblebiologicalprocess.WhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof“describingagingasadisease”Itwillpromptpeopletotakeagingmoreseriously.Itwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffectsofaging.Itwillfreepharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsaboutaging.Itwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreataging.WhatdowelearnaboutthemedicalcommunityTheynowhaveastronginterestinresearchonaging.Theydifferfromtheacademiccirclesintheirviewonaging.Theycancontributetopeoplethealthonlytoalimitedextent.Theyhavewaystointerveneinpeople'sagingprocess.WhatdoesProfessorLeonardHayflickbelieveThehumanlifespancannotbeprolonged.Agingishardlyseparablefromdisease.Fewpeoplecanliveuptotheageof92.Heartdiseaseisthemajorcauseofaging.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Femaleapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeoscienceswerenearlyhalfaslikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation，comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.ChristopherIntagliatareports.Asinmanyotherfields,genderbiasiswidespreadinthesciences.Menscorehigherstartingsalaries,havemorementoring(指导)，andhavebetteroddsofbeinghired.Studiesshowthey"realsoperceivedasmorecompetentthanwomeninSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)fields.Andnewresearchrevealsthatmenaremorelikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,too.“Say,youknow,thisisthebeststudentI"veeverhad,“saysKuheliDutt,asocialscientistanddiversityofficeratColumbiaUniversitytLamontcampus.“Comparethoseexcellentletterswithamerelygoodletter:'Thecandidatewasproductive,orintelligent,orasolidscientistorsomethingthat”sclearlysolidpraise,"butnothingthatsinglesoutthecandidateasexceptionaloroneofakind.”Duttandhercolleaguesstudiedmorethan1,200lettersofrecommendationforpostdoctoralpositionsingeoscience.Theywerealleditedforgenderandotheridentifyinginformation,soDuttandherteamcouldassignthemascorewithoutknowingthegenderofthestudent.Theyfoundthatfemaleapplicantswereonlyhalfaslikelytogetoutstandingletters,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.Thatincludeslettersofrecommendationfromallovertheworld,andwrittenby,yes,menandwomen.ThefindingsareinthejournalNatureGeoscience.Duttsaystheywerenotabletoevaluatetheactualscientificqualificationsoftheapplicantsusingthedatainthefiles.Butshesaystheresultsstillsuggestwomeningeoscienceareatapotentialdisadvantagefromtheverybeginningoftheircareersstartingwiththoselessthanoutstandinglettersofrecommendation.“We”renottryingtoassignblameorcriticizeanyoneorcallanyoneconsciouslysexist.Rather,thepointistousetheresultsofthisstudytoopenupmeaningfuldialoguesonimplicitgenderbias,beitatadepartmentalleveloraninstitutionallevelorevenadisciplinelevel.”Whichmayleadtosomerecommendationsfortheletterwritersthemselves.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。WhatdowelearnaboutapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeosciencesTherearemanymoremenapplyingthanwomen.Chancesforwomentogetthepositionsarescarce.Moremalesthanfemalesarelikelytogetoutstandinglettersofrecommendation.Maleapplicantshavemoreinterestinthesepositionsthantheirfemalecounterparts.WhatdostudiesaboutmenandwomeninscientificresearchshowWomenengagedinpostdoctoralworkarequicklycatchingup.Fewerwomenareapplyingforpostdoctoralpositionsduetogenderbias.MenarebelievedtobebetterabletoexcelinSTEMdisciplines.WomenwhoarekeenlyinterestedinSTEMfieldsareoftenexceptional.WhatdothestudiesfindabouttherecommendationlettersforwomenapplicantsTheyarehardlyeversupportedbyconcreteexamples.Theycontainnothingthatdistinguishestheapplicants.Theyprovideobjectiveinformationwithoutexaggeration.Theyareoftenfilledwithpraiseforexceptionalapplicants.WhatdidDuttandhercolleaguesdowiththemorethan1,200lettersofrecommendationTheyaskedunbiasedscholarstoevaluatethem.Theyinvitedwomenprofessionalstoeditthem.Theyassignedthemrandomlytoreviewers.Theydeletedallinformationaboutgender.WhatdoesDuttaimtodowithherstudyRaiserecommendationwriters"awarenessofgenderbiasintheirletters.Openupfreshavenuesforwomenpost-doctorstojoininresearchwork.AlertwomenresearcherstoalltypesofgenderbiasintheSTEMdisciplines.Startapublicdiscussiononhowtoraisewomen'sstatusinacademiccircles.PartIVTranslationPartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.黄仕位于安徽省南部。它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。要欣赏大ft的宏伟壮丽，通常得向上看。但要欣赏黄ft美景，就得向下看。黄ft的湿润气候有利于茶树生长，是中国主要产茶地之一。这里还有许多温泉，其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄ft是中国主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。快速对答案1234568910111213141516171819202122232425DBBCBDADACBCABCACBCDBACAD26272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950GLFOCEMNJBHDOMBLKJGFBADCA5152535455CCBDD2017年12月大学英语四级真题试题二（完整版）Writing(25minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanashorteasyonhowtobesthandletherelationshipparentsandshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.ListeningComprehension (30minutes)说明：2017年12月大学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听力.本套的听力内容与第二套相同，因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。Partin ReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aratorpigeonmightnotbetheobviouschoicetotendtosomeonewhoissick,butthesecreatureshavesome(26)skillsthatcouldhelpthetreatmentofhumandiseases.Pigeonsareoftenseenasdirtybirdsandanurban(27),buttheyarejustthelatestinalonglineofanimalsthathavebeenfoundtohaveabilitiestohelphumans.Despitehavingabrainnobiggerthanthe(28)_ofyourindexfinger,pigeonshaveaveryimpressive(29)memory.Recentlyitwasshownthattheycouldbetrainedtobeasaccurateashumansatdetectingbreastcancerinimages.Ratsareoften(30) withspreadingdiseaseratherthan(31) it,butthislong-tailedanimalishighly(32).Insidearat'snoseareuptodifferenttypesofolfactoryreceptors(嗅觉感受器),whereashumansonlyhave100to200types.Thisgivesratstheabilitytodetect(33)smells.Asaresult,someratsarebeingputtoworktodetectTB(肺结核).Whentheratsdetectthesmell,theystopandrubtheirlegsto(34) asampleisinfected.Traditionally,ahundredsampleswouldtakelabtechniciansmorethantwodaysto(35) ,butforaratittakeslessthan20minutes.Thisratdetectionmethoddoesn'trelyonspecialistequipment.Itisalsomoreaccurate—theratsareabletofindmoreTBinfectionsand,therefore,savemorelives.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)associatedB)examineC)indicateD)nuisance—E)_peak F)preventingG)prohibitingH)sensitiveI)slightJ)specifyK)superiorL)suspiciousM)tipN)treatedO)visualSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.DoIn-ClassExamsMakeStudentsStudyHarder[A]Ihavealwaysbeenapoortest-taker.SoitmayseemratherstrangethatIhavereturnedtocollegetofinishthedegreeIleftundonesomefourdecadesago.IammakingmywaythroughColumbiaUniversity,surroundedbystudentswhoquicklysupplytheverbalanswerwhileIamstillprocessingthequestion.[B]Sincethereisnowayformetoavoidexams,Iamcurrentlyquestioningwhatkindarethemosttaxingandultimatelybeneficial.Ihavealreadysweatedthroughnumerousin-classmidtermsandfinals,andnowIhaveaprofessorwhoissuestake-homeones.IwasexcitedwhenIlearnedthis,figuringIhadafullweektodotheresearch,readthetexts,andwriteitallup.Infact.1wasstillrewritingmymidtermthemorningitwasdue.TosayIhadlostthethreadisputtingitmildly.[C]AsIwassufferingthroughmyweekofanxiety,overthinkingthematerialandguessingmygraspofit,Ididsomeofmyownpollingamongstudentsandprofessors.DavidEisenbach,whoteachesapopularclasson.presidentsatColumbia,prefersthein-classvariety.Hebelievesstudentsultimatelylearnmoreandencouragesthemtoformstudygroups.“Thatwaytheysocializeoverhistoryoutsidetheclass，whichwouldn'thappenwithoutthepressureofanin-classexam,”heexplained.“Furthermore，in-classexamsforcestudentstolearnhowtoperformunderpressure,anessentialworkskill.”[D]Healsosaysthereislesschanceofcheatingwiththein-classvariety.In2012,125studentsatHarvardwerecaughtupinascandalwhenitwasdiscoveredtheyhadcheatedonatake-homeexamforaclassentitled“IntroductionToCongress”Somecollegeshavewhattheycallan'•honorcode/'thoughifyouaresmartenoughtogetintotheseschools,youareeithersmartenoughtogetaroundanycodesorhopefully,tooethicaltoconsiderdoingso.AsIsatblockedandcluelessfortwosoliddays.Imomentarilywonder