2010、2011、2012考研英语二翻译真题解析

2010考研英语二翻译真题、参考答案和来源分析"Sustainability"hasbecomeapopularwordthesedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshavepersonalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthrougheverydayactionandchoice.当今，“可持续性”已经成为了一个流行的词语.但是，对特德宁来说，它对这个词有着自身的体会.在忍受了一段痛苦的、难以为继的生活之后，他清楚地认识到，以可持续发展为导向的生活价值必须通过日常的活动和做出的选择表现出来.Ningrecallsspendingaconfusingyearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.He'dbeenthroughthedot-comboomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency.宁回忆了在上个世纪网络经济的兴盛和衰败之后，约.90年代末期的某一年，他卖保险，那是一种浑浑噩噩的生活.在经历了他非常渴望得到一份工作，于是和一家博德的代理公司签了合Itdidn'tgowell."Itwasareallybadmovebecausethat'snotmypassion,"saysNing,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales."Iwasmiserable.IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,”Justwait,you'llturnthecorner,giveitsometime.''事情进展不顺，“那的确是很糟糕的一种选择，因为那并非是我的激情所在，”宁如是说可以想象，他这种工作上的窘境是由于销售业绩不良造成的..“我觉得很悲哀.每个人都会说，.我太担心了，等吧，总会以至于我会在半夜醒来，有转机的，给点时间吧盯着天花板.没有钱，.”我需要这份工作原文：原文是来自一份杂志，叫“experiencelife”，出题人做了部分改动，原文和改动的文章如下：Sustainabilityhasbecomesomethingofabuzzword(出题人把这个单词改为popularword)thesedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshavepersonalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthrougheverydayactionandchoice.Ning,directorofLOHAS(LifestylesofHealthandSustainability),theBoulder,Colo.–basedinformationclearinghouseonsustainableliving,recallsspendingatumultuous（出题人把这个词改为了confusing）yearinthelate’90ssellinginsurance.He’dbeenthroughthedot-comboomandbust（出题人似乎把这个词改为burst了）and,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency.Itdidn’tgowell.“Itwasareallybadmovebecausethat’snotmypassion,”saysNing,whoseambivalenceaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales.“Iwasmiserable.IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldpullalongsideofthehighwayandvomit,orwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,‘Justwait,you’llturnthecorner,giveitsometime.’”Ningstuckitoutforayearbecausehesimplydidn’tknowwhatelsetodo,butfelthishappinessandhealthsufferasaresult.HeeventuallyquitandstumbleduponLOHASinahelp-wantedadforadataanalyst.“Ididn’tknowwhatLOHASwas,”hesays,“butitsoundedkindaneat.”Itturnedouttobeabetterfitthanhecouldhaveeverimagined.Atthetime,theLOHASorganizationdidlittlemorethanhostasmallannualconferenceinBoulder.Itwasaforumwhereprogressive-mindedcompaniescouldgathertocomparenotesonhowtoreachavalues-drivensegmentofconsumers—theLOHASmarket—whoseemedattractedtoproductsandservicesthatmirroredtheirinterestinhealth,environmentalstewardship,socialjustice,personaldevelopmentandsustainableliving.Incontrastwithhisdisastrousforayintotheinsurancebusiness,Ning’snewjobfeltlikecominghome.GrowingupinthefoothillsoftheRockiesoutsideofDenver,he’ddevelopedaloveoftheoutdoorsandarespectfortheearth,whilehisparentsprovidedamodelofsocialactivism—thefamilytraveledwidely,andatonepointhisparentscreatedandoperatedanonprofitthatofferedmicrocreditloanstosmallbusinessesinVietnamandGuatemala.HehasthreeadoptedsistersfromVietnamandKorea.HestudiedinternationalrelationsandChineseatColoradoUniversityandslippedeasilyintotheBoulderlifestyle—commutingbybike,eatingorganics,buyinglocalandtherest—thoughhestoppedshortofthepatchouli-and-dreadlocksphaseembracedbymanyofhispeers.(Heoptedinsteadfortheuniversity’sskiteamand,aftergraduating,woundupcoachingtheJapanesedevelopmentteamduringtheNaganoOlympicsin1998.)Fromhisground-leveljob,Ningmovedquicklyuptheranksintheorganization,becomingitsexecutivedirectorin2006.“WhenIgotthejob,LOHASwasasleepyconferenceinBoulder,”saysNing.Today,theforumisbooming,theorganizationisexpandingandthemarketisevolving.Ninghasmorethangrownintothepositionhestumbledoninthewantads.“Idon’tconsiderthisajob.Itisreallymoreofacalling.”Ning,41,coordinatestheconferenceandoverseestheorganization’sannualjournalandWebsite(),whilecompilingresearchontrendsandopportunitiesforbusinesses.Healsotravelsthecountrypromoting—andexplaining—theLOHASconceptandtheburgeoningmarketitrepresents.FirstidentifiedbysociologistPaulRayinthemid-1990sas“culturalcreatives,”theU.S.marketsegmentthatembracesLOHAStodayhasgrowntoabout41millionconsumers,orroughly19percentofAmericanadults.ButthoseLOHASconsumersarepowerfullyinfluencingtheattitudesandbehaviorsofothers(witnesstheriseofinterestinyoga,all-naturalproducts,simplicityandhybridvehicles).WhichiswhyLOHAS-relatedproductsnowgenerateanestimated$209billionannually.“Overthelasttwoyearsagreentidalwavehascomeoverus,”saysNing.Ridingthatwave,saysNing,isnotaboutjumpingonatrendbandwagon.It’sconnectingwith—andactingon—asetofshared,instrinsicvalues.“Peopleknowwhatisauthentic.Youcan’tpreachthislifestyleandnotliveit,”hesays.Heandhiswife,Jenifer,liveinasolar-poweredhome,raiseorganicvegetablesintheirbackyardanddriveacarthatgets48milestothegallon.Heevenbuyscarbonoffsetstonegatetheglobalwarmingimpactofhiscellphone.Ningemphasizesthattherearemanydifferentwaysof“livingLOHAS.”Ultimately,it’sreallyaboutfindingawayoflifethatmakessenseandfeelsgood—nowandforthelonghaul.“Peoplearelookinginternally,”hesays,“askingthemselves,‘Whatreallymakesmehappy?’IsitthefactthatIcangooutandbuythatgiantflat-screenTV,orisitthatIcanhaveaquieteveningwithmyfamilyjusthangingoutandplayingagameofScrabble?”ForNing,it’sano-brainer.He’lltakeScrabbleeverytime.LaineBergesonisanExperienceLifesenioreditor.2011考研英语二翻译真题、参考答案和来源分析Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamevolumesofgreenhousegasesastheworld’sairlinesdo-rough2percentofallCO2emissions?全球范围内，信息技术行业与航空业产生的温室气体总量相同——约占二氧化碳排放总量的2%，这有谁曾想到过？Manyeverydaytaskstakeasurprisingtollontheenvironment.AGooglesearchcanleakbetween0.2and7.0gramsofCO2dependingonhowmanyattemptsareneededtogetthe“right”answer.Todeliverresultstoitsusersquickly,then,Googlehastomaintainvastdatacentresroundtheworld,packedwithpowerfulcomputers.WhileproducinglargequantitiesofCO2,thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned,whichusesevenmoreenergy.许多日常工作对环境造成的损失大得惊人.每一次谷歌搜索能释放0.2到0.7克的二氧.为了迅速向用户提供搜索结果，谷歌.这些计算机不仅产生大量这甚至会耗费更多化碳，这取决于为了获得“正确”答案你试过多少次不得不在世界各地建立大型数据中心，安装一台台强大的计算机的二氧化碳，还释放大量热能，因此这些数据中心需要良好的空调设备，的能源.However,Googleandotherbigtechprovidersmonitortheirefficiencycloselyandmakeimprovements.Monitoringisthefirststepontheroadtoreduction,butthereismuchtobedone,andnotjustbybigcompanies.然而，谷歌和其他大型技术供应商严密地监控其效果，并做出改进步，仍有太多问题需要解决，并且不只是由大公司来解决.监控是减排的第一.原文：Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamevolumeofgreenhousegasesastheworld'sairlinesdo-roughly2percentofallCO2emissions?Manyeverydaytaskstakeasurprisingtollontheenvironment.AGooglesearchcanleakbetween0.2and7.0gramsofCO2,dependingonhowmanyattemptsareneededtogetthe"right"answer.Attheupperendofthescale,twosearchescreateroughlythesameemissionsasboilingakettle.Todeliverresultstoitsusersquickly,Googlehastomaintainvastdatacentresaroundtheworld,packedwithpowerfulcomputers.AswellasproducinglargequantitiesofCO2,thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned-whichusesevenmoreenergy.However,GoogleandotherbigtechproviderssuchasBT,IBM,MicrosoftandAmazonmonitortheirefficiencycloselyandmakeimprovements.(Googleclaimstobemoreefficientthanmost.)Recently,industryandgovernmentagenciesfromtheUS,EuropeandJapanreachedanagreement,orchestratedbytheGreenGrid,anAmericanindustryconsortium,onhowtobenchmarktheenergyefficiencyofdatacentres.Monitoringisthefirststepontheroadtoreduction,butthere'smuchmoretobedone,andnotjustbybigcompanies.Simplethings-suchasturningdevicesoffwhentheyarenotinuse-canhelptoreducetheimpactofourloveaffairwithallthingsdigital.ResearchfromtheNationalEnergyFoundationintheUKfoundthatnearly20percentofworkersdon'tturntheirPCsoffattheendoftheday,wasting1.5billionkWhofelectricityperyear-whichequatestotheannualCO2producedby200,000smallfamilycars.Technologycouldhaveahugeroletoplayinreducingenergyconsumption-justthinkofthenumberofcarandbusjourneyssavedbysomethingassimpleasonlinebanking.Butthesectormuststillworkhardertogetitsownhouseinorder.JasonStamperisNStechnologycorrespondentandeditorofComputerBusinessReview2012考研英语二翻译真题、参考答案和来源分析Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld.ThesearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritain,CanadaAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.发展中国家的人们若为移民问题操心，往往是想到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学去创造自己最辉煌的未来.英国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国给大学毕业生提供的优惠移民政策，就是为了吸引这部分人群.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.AbigsurveyofIndianhouseholdsin2004foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.The“braindrain”haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries.Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.诸多研究表明，发展中国家受过良好教育的人才往往可能有移民倾向.2004年，曾针对印度家庭进行过一次大型调查，结果发现，3.3%受过中学以上教育近40%有移民倾向的人受过中学以上教育，.“人才流失”问题长期以来一直让发展中而25而岁以上的印度人只有约国家的决策者很苦恼，这些人才本该在他们自己的大学任教，品.他们担心这种情况会危及其经济发展，夺去他们紧缺的技术人才，在他们自己的医院工作，为他们自己的工厂研发新产原文：WHENpeopleinrichcountriesworryaboutmigration,theytendtothinkoflow-paidincomerswhocompeteforjobsasconstructionworkers,dishwashersorfarmhands.Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdecampingtoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld.ThesearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritain,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.Bysomeestimates,two-thirdsofhighlyeducatedCapeVerdeansliveoutsidethecountry.AbigsurveyofIndianhouseholdscarriedoutin2004askedaboutfamilymemberswhohadmovedabroad.Itfoundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.This“braindrain”haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries.Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.Manynowtakeissuewiththisview(seearticle).Severaleconomistsreckonthatthebrain-drainhypothesisfailstoaccountfortheeffectsofremittances,forthebeneficialeffectsofreturningmigrants,andforthepossibilitythatbeingabletomigratetogreenerpasturesinducespeopletogetmoreeducation.Somearguethatoncethesefactorsaretakenintoaccount,anexodusofhighlyskilledpeoplecouldturnouttobeanetbenefittothecountriestheyleave.RecentstudiesofmigrationfromcountriesasfarapartasGhana,Fiji,IndiaandRomaniahavefoundsupportforthis“braingain”idea.Themostobviouswayinwhichmigrantsrepaytheirhomelandsisthroughremittances.Workersfromdevelopingcountriesremittedatotalof$325billionin2010,accordingtotheWorldBank.InLebanon,Lesotho,Nepal,Tajikistanandafewotherplaces,remittancesaremorethan20%ofGDP.Askilledmigrantmayearnseveralmultiplesofwhathisincomewouldhavebeenhadhestayedathome.AstudyofRomanianmigrantstoAmericafoundthattheaverageemigrantearnedalmost$12,000ayearmoreinAmericathanhewouldhavedoneinhisnativeland,ahugepremiumforsomeonefromacountrywhereincomeperpersonisaround$7,500(atmarketexchangerates).Itistruethatmanyskilledmigrantshavebeeneducatedandtrainedpartlyattheexpenseoftheir(oftencash-strapped)governments.Somearguethatpoorcountriesshouldthereforerethinkhowmuchtheyspendonhighereducation.Indians,forexample,oftendebatewhethertheirgovernmentshouldcontinuetosubsidisetheIndianInstitutesofTechnology(IITs),itseliteengineeringschools,whenlargenumbersofIITgraduatesendupinSiliconValleyoronWallStreet.ButanewstudyofremittancessenthomebyGhanaianmigrantssuggeststhatonaveragetheytransferenoughovertheirworkinglivestocovertheamountspentoneducatingthemseveraltimesover.Thestudyfindsthatonceremittancesaretakenintoaccount,thecostofeducationwouldhavetobe5.6timestheofficialfiguretomake