外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳

外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点

归纳（总9页）-本页仅作预览文档封面，使用时请删除本页-#外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳一、时态1.一般现在时⑴表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用“usually通常,often常常,every…每…,sometimes有时，always总是，”等词。(2)基本结构:主语I/You/We/They/He/She/It肯定句：主语+动词原形或动词第三人称单数形式否定句：主语+don't+动词原形或者doesn't+动原一般疑问句(Yes/No)Do…Yes,Ido.No,Idon't.Does…(动词原形)…Yes,he/shedoes.No,he/shedoesn’t.特殊疑问句Whatdo…Howdoesshe...(动词原形)…动词第三人称单数形式(同名词单数变成复数方法相同)一般情况+s如:亚己卜-亚己心$辅音字母+y结尾去y+iesfly-flies结尾是s,x，sh,ch+eswatch-watches结尾是0+esdo-does,go-goes特殊have-has.现在进行时⑴表示正在发生的动作，通常用“now现在,look看，linsen听”.(2)基本形式:be+动词-ingeg:Iam(not)doingmyhomework.You/We/Theyare(not)reading.He/She/Itis(not)eating.WhatareyoudoingIshereading⑶动词的现在分词形式(动词+ing)一般情况+ingwalk—walking结尾是不发音的e-e+ingcome—coming重读闭音节双写最后一个字母+ingswim-swimmingrun-running.一般过去时(1)表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用“last…上一个…,justnow刚才,manyyearsago许多年前，yesterday昨天”等词。be动词的过去式:am/is—wasare—were(3)过去式基本结构肯定句：主语+动词过去式wentshoppinglastnight.否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形Ididn’tgoshoppinglastnight.一般疑问句(Yes/No)Did…+动词原形…Didyougoshoppinglastnight特殊疑问句(wh-)Whatdid...+动词原形…Whatdidyoudolastnight(4)动词过去式的变化:规则动词的变化:(1)一般动词+ed planted,watered,climbed(2)以不发音的e结尾+dlikedtied

⑶辅音字母加y结尾-y+ied study—studied,cry-cried⑷重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字双写最后一个字母+edplan-plannedstop-stopped不规则动词的变化:原形过去式原形过去式 原形过去式am/iswasareweregowentdodidfindfoundbuyboughteatatefeelfeltdrinkdrankteachtaughttaketookreadreadgivegavehavehadputputsingsangdrivedrovemeetmetcutcutbeginbeganmakemadeletletringrang writewroteseesawrunranriderodecomecamedrawdrewsitsattelltoldlearnlearntgetgotcarrycarriedstudystudied4.一般将来时一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow,nextSunday等时间状语连用。结构:begoingto+动词原形或will+动词原形例如:I'mgoingtovisitmygrandpanextweek.二、人称代词主格Iweyouheshe it they宾格meusyouhimheritthem形容词性物主代词myouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyourshishersitstheris（注:介词，动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。）三、可数名词的复数形式.一般名词：+sbook-books.辅音字母力口y结尾:-y+iesstory—stories.以s,x,sh,ch，结尾:+esglass—glasses;awatch-watches以o结尾:1)有生命的+espotato-potatoes2)无生命的+sphoto-photoes.以f或fe结尾:-f或fe变为vesknife-knives;shelf-shelves.特殊的名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice,child-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,四、不可数名词（没有复数形式）bread,rice,water,juice，milk，tea，coffee五、缩略形式I’m=Iam you’re=youareshe’s=sheis he’s=heishasn’t=hehas(got)it’s=itis who’s=whoiscan’t=cannotisn’t=isnotdidn’t=didnotweren’t=werenotwasn’t=wasnotlet’s=letusI’ll=Iwill六、a.an.the的用法.单词的第一读音是辅音读音:abook,apeach,a“U”单词的第一个读音是元音读音:anegg,anhour,an"F”要注意的:球类前面不加the,playfootball乐器前面要加the，playthepiano序数词前面要加the,thesecond七、介词.表示方位:on,in,infrontof,between,nextto,near,beside,at,behind.，under.表示时间:(1)at:几点前面用at如:atsixo'clock,没有day的节日前用at如:atChristmas,固定词组attheweekends,atnight(2)on:用于星期,日期,某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时)onSunday在星期天onSundaymorning在星期天的上午onMarch8在3月8日;带有Day的节日前用on如：onNationalDay(3)in:早晨，中午，晚上前用in:inthemorning，intheafternoon，intheevening，月份前用in，如inDecember;季节前用in，如winter;年份前用^，如in1999八、基数词变成序数词的方法1.直接在基数词词尾加上th。如:seventh第七，tenth第十，thirteenth第十三，2.以y结尾的基数词，变y为i，再加上eth。如:twentieth第二十。.不规则的。如:first第一,second第二，third第三，fifth第五，eighth第八，ninth第九，twelfth第十二。.有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如twenty-first第二十一。九、some/any的用法.肯定句中用some:Ihavesometoysinmybedroom..问句和否定句中用any:DoyouhaveanybrothersorsistersHehasn’tgotanypencilsinhispencil-case..询问想要什么时用some:WouldyoulikesomejuiceCanIhavesomestamps十、therebe结构.肯定句（有…）:Thereis+单数或不可数名词Thereare+复数注:遵循就近原则，看靠therebe最近的.一般疑问句（有…吗,）:Isthere…Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.Arethere...Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t..否定句（没有）：Thereisn'tTherearen't..be句型与have（has）的区别:therebe表示在某地有某物（或人）;have（has）表示某人拥有某物。十一、祈使句Sitdownplease.Don’topenthedoor,please.Let’sgotothepark.（注:祈使句中动词用原形）十二、（情态）动词can,may,must,should,will后面直接用动词原形。I/He/She/Theycansing.MayIcomeinImustgonow.Youshouldbequietinthelibrary.3.You’llbegoodfriends.十四、特殊疑问句什么（问什么事,什么物或什么工作等）Whatareyoudoing,I’mreading.WhatdidyoudoyesterdayIplayedbasketball.WhatareyougoingtodoI’mgoingtodohomework.WhatisthatIt’sabook.Whatdoeshe/shedo?She’sanurse.WhattimeisitIt’sseven.Whatcolour问颜色WhatcolourisyourcoatIt’sred.什么时候WhendoyougetupIgetupatsixthirty.WhenisyourbirthdayIt’sonthe21stofDecember.哪一个Whichisyourwatch,theyellowoneorthewhiteone?Theyellowismine.谁WhoisthemanwithabignoseHe’smyuncle.谁的WhosebagisitIt’shisbag.哪里WhereismypenIt’sunderthebook.为什么WhydoyoulikesummerBecause...many多少Howmanybooksarethereintheschoolbag?Therearefourbooksintheschoolbag.10.Howold几岁HowoldistheyoungmanHe’snineteen.much多少钱HowmuchisthetoybearIt’selevenyuan.怎么样(Howlong/big/tall)HowdoyougotoschooleverydayIgotoschoolbycar.HowlongistheriverIt’s10mileslong.十五.已经学过的动词sayhelpknowlostlivereadruntakelistentalkseedrawjumpsingdancewantmakebuyhelp