英国宗教专题培训

Chapter8

ReligionReligioninBritain:2023Census

almost72%identifyasChristiansMulti-faithBritain

Thismeansthatover28%ofBritishpeopledonotidentifyasChristians.Three

MonotheisticReligions

一神教

犹太教基督教伊斯兰教Christianity

ThethreelargestgroupsintheworldofChristianityaretheRomanCatholicChurch,

theEasternOrthodoxchurches,andthevariousdenominationsofProtestantism.

TheChristianReligion

Christianitywasfoundedaround30BC

byJesusChrist,aJew,

inwhatisnowIsraelandPalestine.Christ

taughtanewvarietyoftheancientJewishreligion,basedonloveratherthanreligiouslaw.

ChristiansbelievethatJesusChristwasGod'sownson,

andthathecamebacktolifeafterhehadbeenkilledinordertocompletehisteachingandtosavemankind.

MostChristiansbelieveintheTrinity:GodtheFather,GodtheSon,andGodtheHolySpirit(representedbyadove)(圣父，圣子，圣灵旳三位一体).JewsandMuslimsrejectthisviewbecauseitseemstocontradictthefirstofthe

TenCommandments

十诫,buttheyrecognizeJesusChristasoneofGod‘sgreatestprophets(神旳代言人)ChristianityinBritain

ChristianityfirstcametoBritaininoraround380BCwhenitbecametheofficialreligionoftheRomanEmpire,ofwhichBritainthenformedpart.ItcamefromtheRomanEmpirebelievers,sotheywerecalledRomanCatholics.TheChristianholydayisSunday.HinduismChristianityJudaismIslamReligiousFreedomIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureTheProtestant

Church

The

Catholic

ChurchTheChurchofEnglandBritishStateChurchBuddhismTheChurchofEnglandPositionThemostimportantdenominationintheU.K.;theestablishedchurchoftheU.K..Headofthechurch

QueenElizabethIISpiritualleader

TheArchbishopofCanterburyPoliticalfunction

ManyseniorchurchofficialsalsositintheHouseofLordsArchbishopofCanterbury

IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureTimeofestablishment

16thCenturyintheReformationFeature

BothCatholicandProtestantRole

Many

membersareinvolvedinawiderangeofpublicbodies.IthasthemostfollowersofanydenominationinBritaintoday.Morethan16,000churches42cathedralsChristChurch,Dore,Sheffield,EnglandTheChurchofEngland

IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCulture

ChurchofEnglandIn1534KingHenryVIIIbrokeawayfromtheRomanCatholic

ChurchafterthePoperefusedhimadivorce.HefoundedtheProtestantChurchofEngland(CofE),alsocalledtheAnglicanChurch.ThisistheofficialgovernmentChristianorganizationinEngland,andisknownas'theestablishedchurch'.QueenElizabethIIisthe'supremehead'ofthechurchandDefenderoftheFaith.Theclergy,archbishops,bishopsanddeans,areappointedbythesovereign.AnglicanismagreeswithRomanCatholicismonmostissues,butlikeotherProtestantgroups,AnglicansrejecttheauthorityofthePope.TheybelievethattheBiblerepresentsthefinalstatementoflifeandreligion.CertainRomandoctrinesarerejectedbytheAnglicans.Englandisdividedinto42dioceses,教区[dai`ɒsis]eachwithabishop.Everydiocesehasacathedralasitscentralchurch.The42diocesestotalsome13,500parisheswithavicar[`vikә:](priest)inchargeofeachparish.[`pæriʃ]教区TheRomanCatholicChurchwasmuchpersecutedandveryweakinEnglandforalongtimeaftertheReformation.NowEnglandandWaleshavefourRomanCatholicarchbishopsandfourteenbishops.RomanCatholicsbelievethatthereisonlyonetruereligion.AfaithfulCatholicisonewhoacceptstheteachingsofChristasrevealedintheBible,thelawsoftheChurch,andtheencyclicals通渝ofthepopes.RomanCatholicsbelievetheTrinity.(oneGodinthreepersons,theFather,theSon,andtheHolyghost)TheRomanCatholicChurchAccordingtothedoctrineoftheoriginalsin,whenAdamdisobeyedGodintheGardenofEden,allofhisdescendantssharedinhissin,Christwasplacedonearthtoredeem

拯救

mankindbysacrificinghimselfontheCross.Catholicsholdthatthesoulisimmortal.Atdeath,eachmanandwomanwillbesenttoheavenorhell,dependingonwhattheyhaveearnedbytheirdeedsduringlifeandtheirobedience服从tothelawsofGod.TheRomanCatholicChurchCatholicorProtestant?

BothareChristianProtestants基督新教徒believethetruthisintheBibleandwecanfinditourselves.Protestantministersareallowedtomarry.Homosexualityistolerated.ProtestantsdonotworshiptheVirginMary(Jesus'mother).Protestantsareallowedtodivorceandtopractisebirthcontrol.Protestantsdonotattendconfession.Catholics天主教徒believethePopeandhispriestsinterprettheBible.Catholicpriestsarenotallowedtomarry.Homosexualityisasin.CatholicsemphasizedevotiontotheVirginMary(Jesus'mother).Catholicsarenotsupposedtodivorce,ortopractisebirthcontrol.Catholicsmustconfesstheirsinsregularlytoapriest,andacceptpenance.TudorReligious“RollerCoaster”IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureTudorReligious“RollerCoaster”TheProtestantChurchofEnglandTheProtestantChurchTheChurchofEnglandLatinEnglishNoIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureReligionsandValues

ChurchTheRomanCatholicChurchTheProtestantChurchTheChurchofEnglandValuesEqualityandFreedomToleranceCharityTheuniquevaluesofBritishpeople:charity,equality,freedomandtolerance

IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureCanterburyCathedral

坎特伯雷大教堂(基督新教)stainedglasswindowWestminsterCathedral

London'sprincipalRomanCatholiccathedral,builtin1903intheByzantine拜占庭style.WestminsterCathedralWestminsterAbbeyBuiltbyEdwardtheConfessor(whosedeathwithoutanheirledtothe1066NormanConquest).NowCofE.

TheProtestantChurchandPuritanismTheReformationMartinLutherledthebreakawayfromtheRomanCatholicChurchin1517.Theycalledthemselves“Protestants”becausetheywereprotestingagainsttheteachingsandcustomsoftheRomanCatholicChurch.

IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureTheProtestantChurchandPuritanism

IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureWorshipDefinition:WorshipisaformofChristianservicethatpeopleattendinchurches.Services:Prayers,singing,Biblereading,asermonTime:onSundaysPlaces:abbeys,chapels,churchesOccasions:newbirths,marriages,deaths

Ceremonies:baptisms,weddings,funerals

IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureChristianArchitecture

IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureBritishLiteratureandtheBibleFamousBritishwritershavebeeninfluencedbytheBible:theOldTestamentandtheNewTestamentShakespeareTheMerchantofVeniceKingLearSonnetsJohnMiltonParadiseLost

ParadiseRegained

IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureReligionandBritishEducationOneofthepurposesofsettingupauniversityintheoldtimeswastoservethechurch.OxfordUniversity:Inthe12thcentury,aneducationalcenterofthechurches.Until1870,onlyAnglicanswereadmitted.Nowadays,6religiouspermanentprivatehalls;ManyCollegeshaveChristiannames,suchasChristChurch,JesusCollegeandTrinityCollege.Mostofthecollegeshavetheirownchapelsandchurches.

IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureReligionandBritishEducationTheChurchofEnglandschools:Students:aroundonemillion

Stateschools:4,660Quality:70%positive

IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureJudaism

JewishlifeisverymuchthelifeofacommunityandtherearemanyactivitiesthatJewsmustdoasacommunity.Britainhasalong-standingJewishpopulationofaround270,000,mainlyconcentratedinLondon,LeedsandManchester.ThemajorityareliberalJews,buttherearesomeorthodox正教,严格communities,includingoneofaround25,000HasidicJews虔敬派犹太教徒innorth-eastLondon.

OrthodoxJewscovertheirhair(womenoftenwearawig)anddonotpractisebirthcontrol. Jewsdonoteatpork.Jewishboysarecircumcised割包皮whentheyare8daysold.ASynagogue

ThesynagogueatHarrowandWembley,northLondon,withthesix-pointedStarofDavidabovethedoor.TheJewishholydayisSaturday.

IslamIslambeganinArabiaandwasrevealedtohumanitybytheProphetMuhammad(peacebeuponhim).ThosewhofollowIslamarecalledMuslims,sometimesspelled'Moslem'.MuslimsbelievethatthereisonlyoneGod,Allah.Thereare1.5millionMuslimsinBritain.Muslimscovertheirhair(womenoftencoverthemselvescompletely)anddonotpractisebirthcontrol.Theydonoteatpork.Muslimsmustwashandprayfivetimeseachday,butFridayprayersareparticularlyimportant.TheLondonCentralMosquewasfoundedduringWorldWarII,inrecognitionofthesubstantialMuslimpopulationoftheBritishEmpireanditssupportfortheAlliesduringthewar,butthemosquewasnotcompleteduntilJuly1977,atatotalcostof£6.5million.

TheDeclineofReligionAstrikingthingaboutreligioninBritaintodayisthatalargeproportionofpeoplearenotreallyinterestedinitatall.Thissituationiscomparativelynew.Todayonlya