天津市南开区高三上学期阶段性质量监测(二)英语考试（原卷版）

/11/11/2022—2023学年度第一学期阶段性质量监测(二)高三年级英语学科笔试本试卷分第I卷(选择题)、第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,共130分,考试用时100分钟(不含听力)。第I卷1至12页,第Ⅱ卷13至16页。答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。答卷时,考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上,答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后,请将本试卷第I卷注意事项：1.每小题选出答案后,用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。2.本卷共55小题,共95分。第一部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。例：Standoverthere________you’llbeabletoseeitbetter.A.orB.andC.butD.while答案是B。1.—Davidwaslateforthebiologyclassthismorning.—________?AsfarasIknow,henevercamelatetoclass.A.Sowhat B.Howcome C.Whynot D.Whatfor2.We’vedoneasolidpreparationsothisis________ourteamissupposedtoshine.A.what B.whether C.which D.where3.Scientists________researchinordertoseekgreaterunderstandingofthebrain,especiallysincethe1950s.A.conducted B.havebeenconductedC.havebeenconducting D.hadconducted4.Despitepreviousfailedattempts,thescientistsbelievedtheywouldmakeabreakthroughinthe________experiments.A.subsequent B.critical C.primary D.independent5.—HowdidyoumakesorapidprogressinyourEnglish?Doyouhaveanysecrets?No.OnlyNo.Only________hardworking.A.intermsof B.inhonorof C.bymeansof D.onbehalfof6.—IneedtotellKevintheconferencehasbeencanceled.—_________He’salreadyonhisway.A.Thesoonerthebetter. B.Don’tbother.C.You’vegotmethere. D.Howcouldyou?7.Thesebiologicaldiscoveriesallhelpusunderstandthe________forlifeonourplanet,eveninthemostextremecircumstances.A.component B.coverage C.capacity D.comprehension8.Therearemanymysteriesaboutdinosaurs________welongtofindexplanations.A.towhich B.that C.withwhich D.forwhich9.Itsonce-greatcitiesfellintoruin,________variousmysteriesforlaterpeopletosolve.A.toleave B.leaving C.left D.havingleft10.—Ihadagreattimeplayingbadmintonwithyoutoday.—Thenlet’sdoit________.HowabouteverySunday?A.currently B.temporarily C.enormously D.regularly11.Itwasthemostdisastrousspaceaccidenteverandit________people’shearts.A.threwlighton B.playedapartinC.becameaccustomedto D.castashadowon12.Variousmeasures________intheyearsaheadtoboosttheeconomicdevelopmentA.aretaken B.havebeentaken C.weretaken D.willbetaken13.Ihaddreamedofthismomentmanytimesinmychildhood.Butwhenyoufinallymakeitit’stotallydifferentfrom________youhadimaginedA.when B.what C.that D.which14.Withnogravitytopushagainst,astronauts’bonesandmuscles________becomeweak.A.should B.must C.can D.need15.Believed_______buriedunderwaterbyatsunamiinthefourthcenturyAD,theruinsofNeapolisarealmost2,000yearsold.A.tobe B.tohavebeen C.having D.being第二节：完形填空(共20小题：每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从16～35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个最佳选项,将短文内容补充完整。Mydaughterwasbeingthrownoutofthesixthgrade.Theteachersaid,“Shemaynotbe____16____whatwe’retryingtoaccomplish.”Hewas____17____sayingshedidn’thavethe____18____.IgotmadbecauseIknewshewassmart,justasmyfatherhadknownaboutmewhenIwas____19____inschool.Wehadher____20____andfoundthatthetroublesshewashavingwereexactlywhatIhadhad—dyslexia(诵读困难症).BythenIwasa____21____televisionwriter,andhadwonanEmmyAwardfor“TheRockfordFiles.”IfIhadknownearlierthatsomethingbeyondmy____22____couldexplainwhyIwasalow____23____,Imaynothaveworkedsohardinmylate20sandearly30s.Iwasworkingfornootherreasonthantohearpeople____24____me,becauseIdid_____25_____inallmycourses.IonceaskedafriendwhoalwaysgotanA,“Howlongdidyoustudyforthis?”Hesaid,“Ididn’t.Ijust_____26_____it.”Sohemustbesmarter.“WhatifI’mnotgoodatanything?”Ibegantoask.Despitemy_____27_____,Ididbecomesuccessful,andpeoplenowsaytome,“Soyou’ve._____28_____dyslexia.”No,Idon’t.Ilearnto_____29_____it.I_____30_____dialingaphoneifpossible,becauseIsometimeshavetotrymanytimestogetthenumberright.Despitemyweaknesses,Iviewdyslexiaasa(n)_____31_____.Manydyslexicsaregoodatright-brain,abstractthought,andthat’swhatmykindofcreativewritingis.Icanwritequickly,andcangetupto15pagesaday.Writingismy_____32_____.Thereal_____33_____Ihavefordyslexicchildrenisnottheyhaveto_____34_____inschool,butthattheywillbequittersbeforetheygetoutofschool.Parentshavetocreate_____35_____forthem,whetherit’smusic.sportsorart.Youcanmakeyourdyslexicchildabletosay.“Yeah,readingishard.ButIhaveotherthingsIcando.”16.A.contentwith B.usedto C.equalto D.familiarwith17.A.hardly B.actually C.partly D.merely18.A.intelligence B.confidence C.preference D.independence19.A.failing B.paying C.changing D.crying20.A.recorded B.questioned C.tested D.saved21.A.terrible B.successful C.traditional D.typical22.A.ability B.appreciation C.recognition D.control23.A.survivor B.achiever C.performer D.observer24.A.believe B.call C.praise D.remind25.A.actively B.badly C.slowly D.willingly26.A.glancedat B.madeupfor C.gaveupon D.putupwith27.A.doubts B.pains C.dreams D.sacrifices28.A.overlooked B.confirmed C.overcome D.realized29A.keepupwith B.compensatefor C.holdonto D.makeuseof30.A.repeat B.enjoy C.risk D.avoid31.A.adventure B.pleasure C.gift D.warn32.A.purpose B.challenge C.contribution D.strength33.A.fear B.joy C.favor D.respect34.A.struggle B.study C.achieve D.play35.A.surprises B.victories C.imaginations D.competitions第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2.5分,满分50分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个最佳选项。AOutdoorcamerasarethemodernversionofhiringaguardforyourhome.Belowisalistofsomequalityoutdoorsecuritycamerasavailableinthemarket.RingFloodlightCameraThecameraitselfrecordsinHDandyouhaveplentyofsupportviatheapp.Throughtheapp.youcantalktopeoplethroughthecamera.Thecameraitselfhasnonightvision.Thisisaproblemintheeventthatthebulbsburnout,whichwillhappeneventually.CamparkCameraSincethisoutdoorsecuritycameraisbuiltforhunting.itiswirelessandcompletelywaterproof(防水的).Furthermore,itssensors(传感器)aresharpandwillnaturallyhavenightvision.Thatsaid,thereareafewdownsides.Becauseofitshighersensitivity,thiscameratakesalotofunnecessarypicturesandvideos.Furthermore,you’llneedtosupplyanSDcardtostorevideosandpictures.ZumimallCameraThesecuritycameraitselfis100%wireless,connectsthroughWi-Fi,andisbattery-operated.Italsohasnightvisionandhandlescold,heat,andrainverywell.Theonlypointofcriticismisthestorage.Thecloudstorageofferedislimited.Forfree.youcanstoreyourvideosandpicturesforuptosevendaysbeforetheoldpicturesandvideosarereplaced.ZOSISecurityCameraSystemIt’sasystemincludingseveralsecuritycameras,whichpackalotofqualities.Theyoffer80feetofnightvision,areweatherproof,raisethealarmwhentheyspotmotion,etc.Thedownsideofthissystemisthatthesecamerasneedtobewiredtoacenter.Andthewiringcanbedisorganizedanduntidy.Clickheretobuythesecameras:36.WhatisthesellingpointofRingFloodlightCamera?A.Supportthroughtheapp. B.Nightvision.C.Highsensitivity. D.Longbatterylife.37.IfyouuseZumimallCamera,you________.A.needtoprotectitfromcoldB.canconnectittotheInternetwithoutwiresC.willhaveunlimitedcloudstoragespaceD.canfreelystorethevideosandpicturesforamonth38.WhatdoCamparkCameraandZOSICamerahaveincommon?A.TheyneedanSDcard. B.Theyarebuiltforhunting.C.Theyrequireawirecenter. D.Theycanstanduptowater.39.Wherecanweprobablyfindthisadvertisement?A.Inanewspaper. B.Inadepartmentstore.C.Onashoppingwebsite. D.Onacommunitynoticeboard.40.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethisadvertisement?A.Informative. B.Supportive.C.Misleading. D.Imaginative.BIcanrememberwhenmydaughterMaggie,whoisnowsix,usedtocrawlintomylapandsay,“Daddy,readmeastory.”Lastyearsheannounced,“Daddy,I’mgoingtoreadyouastory.”Maggiewasatelevisionchild.Whenshefirstbecameconsciousofanythingbeyondeatingandsleeping,theTVsetwasrightthere,anditsooncommandedherattention.Afewyearsago,wewereworriednotonlythatwe’dnevergetthechildrenawayfromthesetlongenoughtolearntoread,butthatwe’dforgethowtoreadourselves.Butin1955therewasnotonlymorereadingthanbeforeTV,butmorereadingthaneverbeforeinhistory.Clearly,readinghassurvivedtelevisionasithassurvivedalotofotherthings.WhenIwassix,awailwentupaboutmenaces(威胁)toreadingathome:motorcarsandcinema.WhenMaggiecamealong,therewastelevision.Themotorcar,theradio,thecinemaandtelevisiondotakeupalotoftime.Well,we’vegotmoretime.Whenmymotherwasagirl,peopleworkedabout60hoursaweek.Nowit’s44.WhenMaggiegrowsup,it’llbe30.Andthere’llbenumerousgadgetstodoherhousework.She’llhavetoread.Youcan’twatchTVallday.AtpresentMaggieisreadingaboutJohnnyWoodchuck.Aheadofher—andI’malittleenvious—areherfirstbrushwithBlackBeauty,Alicesteppingthroughthelookingglass,HuckandJimdriftingdowntheMississippi,theemotionalstormsofShakespeare,thespiritualagoniesofTolstoy.Forreadingisn’talljoy.Likelifeitself,it’smixedwithmanymoods,fromecstasy(狂喜)todespair.Maggiewilllearntotaketheroughwiththesmooth,gatheringfromtheancientwisdomoflong-deadgeniusalittlefiretoenrichherspirit.Andsomeday,ifshe’slucky,she’llgetthebiggestthrillofall,whenalittlegirlclimbsintoherlapandannounces,“Mummy,I’mgoingtoreadyouastory.”41.WhichofthefollowingthingsusedtocatchMaggie’sattentiontoomuch?A.Themotorcar. B.Theradio. C.Thecinema. D.Thetelevision.42WhydotheyounggenerationlikeMaggiehavemoreaccesstoreading?A.Theyfacelessworkingpressure.B.Thereismoretimeavailableforreading.C.Theirparentsencouragethemmoreoften.D.Theyhaveastrongerdesireforknowledge.43.WhatmakestheauthorenviousofMaggie?A.Herexposuretoclassicreading. B.Herproductiveworksinwriting.C.Herwildimaginationindailylife. D.Herspiritualreflectiononthebooks.44.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph6imply?A.Maggiehasrichexperiences.B.Maggiehasagoodplanforreading.C.Maggiewillbenefitalotfromreading.D.Maggieisontheroadtobecomingagenius.45.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Itisablessingthatreadingcanbepasseddown.B.MoregirlslikeMaggieenjoytellingstories.C.Maggie’sdaughterbringsherthebiggestthrill.D.ReadingmakesMaggieafortunategirl.CChildrenloveitwhensomeonereadsabooktothem.Theylovefunnysounds,rhymingwordsandsillypictures.Theylovethesoundoftheirmomordad’svoice.Sometimes,however,theirmomordadcan’treadtothem,becausethatparentisinprison.AuntMary’sStorybookProject,startedin1993,isnowanationalprogramthatpromotesincarceratedparentsreadingtotheirchildren.Churchorservicegroupsdonatebooksandpostage.Incarceratedparentspickoutbooks,readthemandeithervolunteersorprisonworkersmailthebooksandtapesouttothechildren.LastMay,wedistributed191books,meaningthat191childrenreceivedabookandatape.Theincarceratedreadersrecordtheirbooks,followedbyapersonalmessagetothechild.Sometimesitisamusinglisteningtostrong,tattooed(纹身)musclemenmakinganimalsoundsorfunnyvoicesofdifferentcharacters.SometimesallIhearissilence,andthensoundsthatconfirmmyguessthattheyarccalmingthemselvesafteranunexpectedwaveoffeelings.Seventypercentofchildrenofincarceratedparentseventuallyendupfacingthejusticesystemthemselvesatsomepointintheirlives.Manyofthesechildrenendupdoinghardtimeinjails.Inreality,though,theyaredoinghardtimenowas12-year-olds,7-ycar-olds,andevenasbabies.Theygrowupthinkingthattheirparentis“bad”anddoesn’tcare.Theyareoftenteasedandfeeltheyhavetodefendthemselvesortheirparent,sometimesinaviolentway.Whentheyreceiveinthemailabookandatapeoftheirparentreadingtothem,theyhearanothermessage,“Daddy/Mommylovesme;he/shehasahappyvoice;he/shethinksreadingiscool.”AuntMary’sStorybookProjectisjustasmallpillforonehugesocialillness.Butwhenwethinkwearemerelyscratchingthesurfaceatleast191kidsarefeelingalittlebitbetter!46.WhatdoincarceratedparentsdoinAuntMary’sStorybookProject?A.Theyreadtotheirchildrenonatape.B.Theyrecordbookswiththeirchildren.C.Theymeettheirchildrenandreadtothem.D.Theyreadbooksthattheirchildrenchoose.47.Whyistheresilencebeforesomeincarceratedparentsspeak?A.Theywanttospeakwithfeelings.B.Theyhavetocontroltheirfeelings.C.Theyneedtoconsiderwhattosay.D.Theyfeelguiltyaboutwhattheydid.48.WhatcanweinferaboutthechildrenaccordingtoParagraph4?A.Theywillstudylawinstate-rununiversityinthefuture.B.Theyhavetolearntofacerealitybravelybythemselves.C.Theygainalotfromtheirparents’lifeexperience.D.Theythemselvesmaybecomelawbreakersinthefuture.49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”teased“inParagraph5mean?A.makingmistakes B.behavingthemselvesC.madefunof D.takencareof50.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofwhattheydo?A.Itisworthdoing.B.Itmakeslittledifference.C.Ithasgreateffectonsociety.D.Itcanchangeincarceratedparents.DPeoplehavespeculated(思索)forcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedbyinequality:Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinawasteland.Adifferentpredictionholdsthatwithoutjobstogivetheirlivesmeaningfuturepeoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.Butitdoesn’tnecessarilyfollowfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithdissatisfaction.Suchvisionsarebasedonthedownsidesofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Intheabsenceofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcouldprovidestrikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Thesedays,sparetimeisrelativelyrareformostworkers.“WhenIcomehomefromahardday’swork,Ioftenfeeltired.”saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIreland,adding,“InaworldinwhichIdon’thavetowork.Imightfeelratherdifferent—perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowmyselfintoahobbywiththeenthusiasmusuallyreservedforprofessionalmatters.”DanielEverett,ananthropologist(人类学家)atBentleyUniversitystudiedagroupofhunter-gathersintheAmazoncalledthePiranhaforyears.AccordingtoEverett,whilesomemightconsiderhuntingandgatheringaswork,hunter-gatherersdon’t.“Theythinkofitasfun.”hesays.“Theydon’thaveaconceptofworkthewaywedo.”EverettdescribedatypicaldayforthePiraha:Amanmightgetup,spendafewhoursfishing,haveabarbecue,andplayuntiltheevening.Doesthisrelaxinglifeleadtothedepressionandpurposelessnessseenamongsomanyoftoday’sunemployed?“I’veneverseenanythinglikedepressionthere,exceptpeoplewhoarephysicallyill.”Everettsays.Whilemanymayconsiderworknecessaryforhumanlife,workasitexiststodayisarelativelynewinventioninthecourseofhumanculture.“Wethinkit’sbadtojustsitaroundwithnothingtodo,”saysEverett.“ForthePiraha,it’squiteadesirablestate.”51.HowdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinParagraph1?A.Bycomparingwealthypeoplewiththemajority.B.Bygivingadefinitiontoinequalityinsociety.C.Bylistingdifferentpredictionsofawork-freeworldD.Bypicturingalazyanddepressedatmosphere.52.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“downsides”inParagraph2probablyreferto?AChallenges. B.Losses. C.Disadvantages. D.Risks.53.JohnDanahermightagreethat__________.A.workplaysanimportantroleinourfuturelifeBpeople’swork-freefuturelifewillbefullofcharmC.peopledon’tknowhowtobalanceworkandlifeD.higherunemploymentmakeslifetougherforworkers54WhyisDanielEverett’sstudymentioned?A.TojustifyJohnDanaher’sopinion.B.Toshowafuturelifewithoutwork.C.Tocomparedifferentviewsonwork.D.TointroducethePirahaintheAmazon.55.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Somepeopledislikeawork-freeworld.B.ThePirahadon’tthinktheyareworkingatall.C.Futurepeoplemightbecomelazyanddepressed.D.DanielEverettprefertositarounddoingnothing第Ⅱ卷注意事项：1.用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。2.本卷共6题,共35分。第三部分：写作第一节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文，按照要求用英语回答问题。Whywouldhumanbeingswasteathirdoftheirlivessleepingwhentheycouldbedoingmoreimportantthingslikelookingaftertheirfamiliesorworking?Somescientistsbelievesleepinghelpsrechargethebody.whileothersthinkitisimportantforstrengtheningnewlyformedmemories.Now,thereisnewevidencewhichsuggeststhatthepurposeofsleepmaybetoforgetsomeofthemillionsofnewthingswelearneachday.Theneuronsinthehumanbrainconsistoffiberscalleddendrites(树突).Thesegrowaswelearnnewthingsandconnectthebrain’scellstoeachotheratcontactpointscalledsynapses(突触).Thelargerthedendritesbecomeandthemorecellstheyconnect,themoreinformationwestore.In2018.GiulioTononiandChiaraCirelli,bothbiologistsattheUniversityofWisconsinMadison,suggestedanewidea:Thethingsourbrainslearneachdayresultinsomanysynapsesthatthingsstarttogetalittlemessy.Sleepingallowsustosortthrough(整理)the“noise”anddispensealltheunnecessaryinformation.leavingbehindonlythemostimportantmemories.Recently,theuniversity’sresearchhasprovideddirectevidencetosupportthetheory.Theexperimentinvolvedanalyzing6.920synapsesinthebrainshavingsfromtwogroupsofmiceoverafour-yearperiod:onegrouphadbeenallowedtosleep,whiletheotherhadbeenkeptawakeandentertainedwithtoys.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatthebrainshavingsofthesleepingmicehadnearly20percentfewersynapsesthanthosethathadbeenkeptawakeandentertained.Itwasalsoevidentduringthestudythatthebraindoesnotshaveeverysynapse.20%ofneuronsremainedunchanged:theseweremostlikelywellestablishedmemories.Therefore.althoughwemaybesleepingtoforgetsomeofwhatwe’velearned,thebrain“forge