2022-2023年黑龙江省绥化市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)

2022-2023年黑龙江省绥化市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.HarlemRenaissance(文艺复兴)—ABriefIntroduction

ImportantFeatures

1.HarlemRenaissance(HR)isthenamegiventotheperiodfromtheendofWorldWarIandthroughthemiddleofthe1930sDepression,duringwhichagroupoftalentedAfrican-Americanwritersproducedasizablebodyofliteratureinthefourprominentgenresofpoetry,fiction,drama,andessay.

2.Thenotionof"twoness",adividedawarenessofone'sidentity,wasintroducedbyW.E.B.DuBois,oneofthefoundersoftheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP)andtheauthoroftheinfluentialbookTheSoulsofBlackFolks(1903):"Oneeverfeelshistwo-nessanAmerican,aNegro;twosouls,twothoughts,twounreconciledstirrings:twowarringidealsinonedarkbody,whosedoggedstrengthalonekeepsitfrombeingtomasunder."

3.Commonthemes:alienation,marginality,theuseoffolkmaterial,theuseofthebluestradition,theproblemsofwritingforaneliteaudience.

4.HRwasmorethanjustaliterarymovement:itincludedracialconsciousness,"thebacktoAfrica"movementledbyMarcusGarvey,racialintegration,theexplosionofmusicparticularlyjazz,spiritualsandblues,painting,dramaticrevues,andothers.

AChronologyofImportantEventsandPublications

1919

-369thRegimentmarchedupFifthAvenuetoHarlem,February17.

-FirstPan-AfricanCongressorganizedbyW.E.B.DuBois,Paris,February.

-RaceriotsinWashington,D.C,Chicago,Charleston,Knoxville,Omaha,andelsewhere,JunetoSeptember.

-RaceRelationsCommissionfounded,September.

-BenjaminBrawleypublishedTheNegroinLiteratureandArtintheUnitedStates.

1920

-UniversalNegroImprovementAssociation(UNIA)ConventionheldatMadisonSquareGarden,August.

-CharlesGilpinstarredinEugeneO'Neill,TheEmperorJones,November.

-JamesWaldouJohnson,firstblackofficer(secretary)ofNAACPappointed.

-ClaudeMcKaypublishedSpringinNewHampshire.

-DuBois'sDarkwaterispublished.

1921

-MarcusGarveyfoundedAfricanOrthodoxChurch,September.

-SecondPan-AfricanCongress.

-ColoredPlayersGuildofNewYorkfounded.

-BenjaminBrawleypublishedSocialHistoryoftheAmericanNegro.

1922

-FirstAnti-LynchinglegislationapprovedbyHouseofRepresentatives.

-PublicationsofTheBookofAmericanNegroPoetryeditedbyJamesWeldonJohnson;ClaudeMcKay,HarlemShadows.

1923

-ClaudeMcKayspokeattheFourthCongressoftheThirdInternationalinMoscow,June.

-MarcusGarveyarrestedformailfraudandsentencedtofiveyearsinprison.

-ThirdPun-AfricanCongress.

1924

-CivicClubDinner,bringingblackwritersandwhitepublisherstogether,March21.ThiseventisconsideredtheformallaunchingoftheNewNegromovement.

1925

-AmericanNegroLaborCongressheldinChicago,October.

1927

-MarcusGarveydeported.

-LouisArmstronginChicagoandDukeEllingtoninNewYorkbegantheircareers.

-PublicationsofHughes,FineClothestotheJew.

1928

-PublicationsofWallaceThurman,Harlem:AForumofNegroLife;DuBois,TheDarkPrincess.

1929

-NegroExperimentalTheatrefounded,February;NegroArtTheatrefounded,June.

-WallaceThurman'splayHarlem,opensattheApolloTheateronBroadwayandbecomeshugelysuccessful.

-BlackThursday,Octo

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

IfGoogleassuresprivacybydestroyinguserdata,thiswouldnegativelyinfluenceits______.

3.Foracompanyowner,unpleasanthumanresourcessituations______.

A.arenotdifficulttodealwith

B.shouldnotdrawmuchattention

C.canreducetheworkefficiency

D.arenecessaryforhis/hersuccess

4.

Apolicemancanlegallygiveathoroughsearchtoacarbyaskingforthecaroccupant's______.

5.

Themainmeasuretheforeignteachertakestogetpaidis______.

6.

Thereleaseoflargequantitiesofthegreenhousegasmethaneaspermafrostmeltswillspeedup______.

7.

Insurancecompaniesusuallypaythesameamount______,Suttersays,sothehospitalisleftpickingupthetabforthemoreexpensiveroboticsurgery.

8.

Scientistsuse______totestwhethertheirgeneticmodificationofaplantissuccessful.

9.

Youngpeoplearemorelikelytohavetoothdecaywhileolderpeopleareatagreaterriskfor______.

10.

Thepriceofnaturalgasischeaperandmorestablethanthatofgasoline.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Theanimalslivinginextremeoceanicenvironmentshavetofeedoncertainbacteriathathelpthemgetenergyfrom______.

12.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Thinkout-of-the-box

Britishphysician,author,inventor,andconsultantEdwarddeBonohashadamajorimpactonthewaywethinkandparticularlyinthefieldofcreativity.Hecoinedthephrase"lateralthinking"(水平思考)whichinvolvesapproachingproblemsfromdiverse,unexpectedanglesandfromdifferentperspectives.Dr.deBonomeanttodifferentiatelateralthinking—inwhichyoupushthemindtomakesuddenturns-fromverticalthinking,whichislogicalandsequentialthinking.

Lateralthinkingcanbelearned,andDr.deBonohascreatedseveraltechniquestohelpyouapplylateralthinkingtoproblemsolvingandideageneration.Someofthesearethefollowing:thinkofasmanydifferentalternativesforsolvingaproblemasyoupossiblycan;challengeanyassumptionsyoumayhaveaboutyourproblem;andinsertrandomelementswhichwillencourageyoutolookattheproblemfromadifferentandunexpectedperspective.

Challengeyourassumptions

Assumptionsarementalshortcuts:weassumethatasituationwe'refacingislikeothersituationswe'veencounteredbefore,andthatwhatworkedthenwillworkonceagain.Infact,themoreexperiencedweareinaparticulararea,themorelikelyweareIobringlotsofbaggagetotheproblem,whichcaninhibitusfromfindingnovelandcreativesolutions.

Inordertochallengeyourassumptions,writedownallofthedominantideasthatapplytoaparticularsituationandthendeliberatelychallengethem.Listalloftheassumptionsthatyou'remakingandnexttoeachonewriteacounter-assumption—notnecessarilyitsnegation,butitsopposite.

Onceyoudroppreconceivednotionsyou'remorelikelytofindbettersolutions.Oneapproach—suggestedbyJurgenWolffonhisblogTimetoWriteistopretendthatyou'reaMartian(火星人)thathasjustlandedonearthandisseeingthingsonthisplanetforthefirsttime.Thiswouldputyouinapositionofquestioningeverything,seeingyourproblemorsituationwithcompletelyfresheyes,andtakingnothingforgranted.

introducerandomelements

Selectingarandomelementthathasabsolutelynoconnectiontotheproblemathandprovidesanunexpectedentrypointtotheproblemsothatyoucanfaceitfromauniqueangle.I'vementionedusingarandomwordasaninitialstimulusonthisblogbefore.DeBonoexplainsthatthebrainissogoodatmakingconnectionsthatitwillfindawaytoconnecttherandomwordtotheproblemathand,nomatterhowremotethewordmayseem.

Takeawordfromarandomwordgenerator—oropenthedictionarytoarandompageandselectaword—extractitsunderlyingprinciples,andthenapplythemtoyourproblem.Becarefulnottodiscardaspecificwordbecauseyousimplyconcludethatit'sofnouseandthengettinganotherwordinstead.Ifyoudothisyou'reprobablyjustlookingforawordthatwouldneatlyfittheproblemyou'retryingtosolve.Insteadofaword,youcanalsouseapictureastherandomelementorevenanobject.

Inaddition,therandomelementthatyouintroducecanbea"falserule".Basically,youtakearule,quote,ideaorsuggestionfromsomewhereelseandapplyittoyourownsituation.

Howdoesapplyingthe"falserule"toyourproblemmakeyouseeitdifferently?Whatnewelementsdoesitintroduce?Howdoesitshiftyourperc

A.Thedefinitionofcreativity.

B.TheachievementsofEdwarddeBono.

C.Theintroductionofthelateralthinkingtheory.

D.Thedifferencebetweenlateralthinkingandverticalthinking.

13.

Tocurethesnoringproblems，surgerycanbeusedtoimprove______.

14.Thesecondparagraphmainlyindicatesthat______.

A.notesandcoinsplayalessimportantrolethanbefore

B.cashstilldominatestheeconomiclifeinthesociety

C.wedon'tneedasmuchmoneyinflowasgoodsvalue

D.therearemanyinconveniencesincashtransactions

15.

Oftenassociatedwithcrudeoil,naturalgasisprincipallymadeupof___________andotherhydrocarbongases.

16.

Afteranalyzingthefirsttimelog,theauthorfoundthathe______.

A.hadlongerofficehoursthanothers

B.spentmosttimecheckinge-mails

C.wastedmuchtimeunconsciously

D.wasonlyconcernedaboutwork

17.

Accordingtothepassage,thekeyto"findtimetoread"is______.

18.

Theideaofusingdogstopullsledsbegan______.

A.some35,000yearsago

B.1000yearsago

C.before1000yearsB.C.

D.before1908

19.

Becauseof______,travelingismuchmoreconvenientnow.

20.

Thekindof______Wilcoxpossessedcanonlybenurturedbyyearsoflivingalifeinnature.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：W:Ohdear,youarecominginandout,andIcannothearyouclearly.

M:Sorrybaby,mybatteryislow.Ok,listen,Iamgoingtobelatetonightsodon'tstayupandwaitforme.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

(15)

A.Thewomancouldnothearthemanoutofoffice.

B.Thewomanisgoingtostayupallnighttowaitfortheman.

C.Themanisn'tcomingbacktonight.

D.Theman'sphonehasalmostrunoutofbattery.

22.听力原文：M:Wasthemovieasgoodasyouexpected?

W:It'shardtosay.Ionlysawthetailendofthefilm.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(18)

A.Shedoesn'tlikethefilm.

B.Thefilmishardtounderstand.

C.Shesawthefilmfrombeginningtoend.

D.Sheonlysawthelastpartofthefilm.

23.(31)

A.Theneedtoexercisethememory.

B.Howthebraindiffersfromotherbodytissues.

C.Theunconsciouslearningofaphysicalactivity.

D.Hownervescontrolbodymovement.

24.

【B6】

25.(43)

26.(24)

A.Convincethemanthattheyshouldrestforawhile.

B.Teachthemanaboutthetypesofclouds.

C.Entertainthemanwithsomeinterestingweatherstories.

D.Persuadethemantoturnaroundandgodownthehill.

27.(35)

A.Itisacityofcontrasts.

B.Itpossessesmanyhistoricalsites.

C.Itisanimportantindustrialcenter.

D.Ithasmanybigandbeautifulparks.

28.听力原文：W:TheInternationalStudents'AssociationishavingapartySaturdaynight.Canyoucome?

M:IwishIcould,butIworkatthehospitalonweekends.

Q:Whycan'tthemangototheparty?

(17)

A.Shesawanailintheman'stire.

B.Themanshouldn'tdriveonthetire.

C.Themanmaynotneedanewtire.

D.Shealsoneedsairinhertires.

29.(32)

A.Theytellsmallliesinadvertisements.

B.Theytellwhiteliesinadvertisements.

C.Theydon'ttellliesbutmaygivefalseinformation.

D.Theyaresometimeshonestandsometimesdishonest.

30.(21)

A.Thestreetsign.

B.Tilepedestrian.

C.Thewall.

D.Thepoleintheroad.

31.

【B11】

32.(26)

A.Samegene,samelife.

B.Identicaltwinsalsohaveverydifferentlives.

C.Theelementofenvironmentismoreimportant.

D.Noneoftheabove.

33.(25)

A.Theydon'tarrangeaccommodations.

B.EverybodyspeaksEnglishthere.

C.Theyarrangeeverythingforyou.

D.Themealstheyprovidearetasty.

34.

【B4】

35.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.1:50.B.1:55.C.2:00.D.2:05.

36.(44)

37.

【B2】

38.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

听力原文：Anotherculturalaspectofnonverbalcommunicationisonethatyoumightnotthinkabout:space.Everypersonperceiveshimselftohaveasortofinvisibleshieldsurroundinghisphysicalbody.Whensomeonecomestooclose,hefeelsuncomfortable.Whenhebumpsintosomeone,hefeelsobligedtoapologize.Butthesizeofaperson's"comfortzone"dependsonhisculturalethnicorigin.Forexample,incasualconversation,manyAmericansstandaboutfourfeetapart.Inotherwords,theyliketokeepeachother"atarm'slength",peopleinLatinorArabcultures,incontrast,standveryclosetoeachother,andtoucheachotheroften.IfsomeonefromoneofthreeculturesstandstooclosetoanAmericanwhileinconversation,theAmericanmayfeeluncomfortableandbackaway.

WhenAmericansaretalking,theyexpectotherstorespondtowhattheyaresaying.ToAmericans,politeconversationalistsempathizebydisplayingexpressionsofexcitementordisgust,shockorsadness.Peoplewitha"pokerface",whoseemotionsarehiddenbyanindifferentexpression,arelookeduponwithsuspicion.

Americansalsoindicatetheirattentivenessinaconversationbyraisingtheireyebrows,nodding,smilingpolitelyandmaintaininggoodeyecontact.Whereassomeculturesviewdirecteyecontactasimpoliteorthreatening,Americansseeitasasignofgenuinenessandhonesty.

Ifapersondoesn'tlookyouintheeye,Americansmightsay,youshouldquestionhismotives—orassumethathedoesn'tlikeyou.Yetwithalltheconcernforeyecontact,Americansstillconsiderstaring--especiallyatstrangers--toberude.

Anotherculturalaspectofnonverbalcommunicationisonethatyoumightnotthinkabout:space.Everyperson【B1】______himselftohaveasortofinvisible【B2】______surroundinghisphysicalbody.Whensomeonecomestooclose,hefeelsuncomfortable.Whenhebumpsintosomeone,hefeels【B3】______toapologize.Butthesizeofaperson's"comfortzone"dependsonhisculturalethnic【B4】______.Forexample,in【B5】______conversation,manyAmericansstandaboutfourfeetapart.Inotherwords,theyliketokeepeachother"atarm's【B6】______",peopleinLatinorArabcultures,incontrast,standveryclosetoeachother,andtoucheachotheroften.IfsomeonefromoneofthoseculturesstandstooclosetoanAmericanwhileinconversation,theAmericanmayfeeluncomfortableandbackaway.

WhenAmericansaxetalking,theyexpectothersto【B7】______towhattheyaresaying.ToAmericans,politeconversationalistsempathizebydisplayingexpressionsofexcitementor【B8】______,shockorsadness.【B9】___________________________.

Americansalsoindicatetheirattentivenessinaconversationbyraisingtheireyebrows,nodding,smilingpolitelyandmaintaininggoodeyecontact.【B10】_________________________.

Ifapersondoesn'tlookyouintheeye,Americansmightsay,youshouldquestionhismotives--orassumethathedoesn'tlikeyou.【B11】__________________________________.

【B1】

39.(19)

A.Heisgoodatdrawingpictures.

B.Helikespicturesverymuch.

C.Helikesvisitingtheartmuseumverymuch.

D.Hethinkstheartmuseumisaveryquietplace.

40.听力原文：Architectureistobuildingasliteratureistotheprintedword.Thebestbuildingsareoftensowellconstructedthattheyoutlasttheiroriginaluse.Theythensurvivenotonlyasbeautifulobjects,butasdocumentsofthehistoryofcultures.Theseachievementsareneverwhollytheworkofindividuals.Architectureisasocialart.

Therevivalofclassicalculturebroughtaboutanentirelynewage,notonlyinphilosophyandliteraturebutinthevisualartsaswell.Inarchitecture,theprinciplesandstyles,ofancientGreeceandRomewerebroughtbacktolifeandreinterpreted.Theyremaineddominantuntilthe20thcentury.

Manykindsofstoneareusedasbuildingmaterials.Stoneandmarblewerechosenforimportantmonumentsbecausetheyarenotburnableandcanbeexpectedtoendure.Stonearchitecturewasoftenblendedwithstonesculpture.Theuseofstonehasdeclined,however,becauseanumberofothermaterialsaremoreadaptabletoindustrialuse.

Thecomplexityofmodernlifecallsforavarietyofbuildings.Morepeopleliveinmasshousingandgotoworkinlargeofficebuildings;theyspendtheirincomeinlargeshoppingcentres,sendtheirchildrentomanydifferentkindsofschools,andwhentheyaresicktheygot?specializedhospitalsandclinics.Allthesedifferenttypesofbuildingsaccumulatedexperiencesneededbytheirdesigners.

Bythemiddleofthe20thcentury,modemarchitecture,whichwasinfluencedbynewtechnologyandmassproduction,wasdealingwithincreasinglycomplexsocialneeds.Importantcharacteristicsofmodemarchitecturalworksareexpansesofglassandtheuseofreinforcedconcrete.

(30)

A.Agovernmentdocument.

B.Aliterarywork.

C.Asocialart.

D.Anindividual'screation.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.(58)

42.

Accordingtothepassage,people'slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey______.

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

43.

【C6】

44.

OneofthereasonswhyIndiaiscreatingasecondarysanctuaryfortheAsiaticlionsisthat______.

A.thepresentsanctuaryisnotlargeenough

B.scientistswanttodomoreresearchonthem

C.theyhavekilledmanypeople

D.theforestisshrinkinginsize

45.

Thedirectreasonforspecializationis______.

A.thedevelopmentinscientificactivities

B.thegrowthofprofessionalisation

C.theexpansionofscientificknowledge

D.thesplittingupofacademicsocieties

46.

Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhismother?

A.Shewasstubborn.

B.Shedidnotcarehimverymuch.

C.Shewasstrong.

D.Shewasnotveryintelligent.

47.TheNationalAssociationofSecuritiesDealersisinvestigatingwhethersomebrokeragehousesareinappropriatelypushingindividualstoborrowlargesumsontheirhousestoinvestinthestockmarket.Canwepersuadetheassociationtoinvestigatewould-beprivatizersofSocialSecurity?ForitisnowapparentthattheBushadministration'sprivatizationproposalwillamounttothesamething,borrowtrillions,putthemoneyinthestockmarketandhope.

Privatizationwouldbeginbydivertingpayrolltaxes,whichpayforcurrentSocialSecuritybenefits,intopersonalinvestmentaccounts.Thegovernmentwouldhavetoborrowtomakeuptheshortfall.Thiswouldsharplyincreasethegovernment'sdebt."Nevermind,"privatizationadvocatessay,"inthelongrun,peoplewouldmakesomuchonpersonalaccountsthatthegovernmentcouldsavemoneybycuttingretirees'benefits."

Evenso,ifpersonalinvestmentaccountswereinvestedinTreasurybonds,thiswholeprocesswouldaccomplishpreciselynothing.Theinterestworkerswouldreceiveontheiraccountswouldexactlymatchtheinterestthegovernmentwouldhavetopayonitsadditionaldebt.Tocompensatefortheinitialborrowing,thegovernmentwouldhavetocutfuturebenefitssomuchthatworkerswouldgainnothingatall.However,privatizersclaimthattheseinvestmentswouldmakealotofmoneyandthat,ineffect,thegovernment,nottheworkers,wouldreapmostofthosegains,becauseaspersonalaccountsgrew,thegovernmentcouldcutbenefits.

Wecanargueatlengthaboutwhetherthehighstockreturnssuchschemesassumearerealistic(theyaren't),butlet'scuttothechase:inessence,suchschemesinvolvehavingthegovernmentborrowheavilyandputthemoneyinthestockmarket.That'sbecausethegovernmentwould,ineffect,confiscateworkers'gainsintheirpersonalaccountsbycuttingthoseworkers'benefits.

Onceyourealizewhatprivatizationreallymeans,itdoesn'tsoundtooresponsible,doesit?Butthedetailsmakeitconsiderablyworse.First,financialmarketswould,correctly,treattherealityofhugedeficitstodayasamuchmoreimportantindicatorofthegovernment'sfiscalhealththanthemerepromisethatgovernmentcouldsavemoneybycuttingbenefitsinthedistantfuture.Afterall,agovernmentbondisalegallybindingpromisetopay,whileabenefitsformulathatsupposedlycutscosts40yearsfromnowisnothingmorethanasuggestiontofutureCongresses.Ifaprivatizationplanpassedin2005calledforsteepbenefitcutsin2045,whataretheoddsthatthosecutswouldreallyhappen?Second,asystemofpersonalaccountswouldpayhugebrokeragefees.Ofcourse,fromWallStreet'spointofviewthat'sabenefit,notacost.

Accordingtotheauthor,"privatizers"arethose______.

A.whoborrowfrombankstoinvestinthestockmarket

B.whoinvestinTreasurybonds

C.whoadvocatethegovernmenttoborrowmoneyfromcitizens

D.whoearnlargesumsofmoneyinpersonalaccounts

48.

Theinfluencethatthereductionofyoungpeoplehashadoneconomymayinclude______.

A.theappearingofmassmarketcenteringtheyoung

B.theshiftofthemarketcenterfromthemiddle-agedtotheyoung

C.theincreaseofthepopulationwhogettoform.family

D.thetendencyforthemarkettosplitintotwo

49.Peopleareaccustomedtothinkthatamaninuniform.does______.

50.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Thatexperiencesinfluencesubsequentbehaviourisevidenceofanobviousbutneverthelessremarkableactivitycalledremembering.Learningcouldnotoccurwithoutthefunctionpopularlynamedmemory.Constantpracticehassuchaneffectonmemoryastoleadtoskillfulperformanceonthepiano,torecitationofapoem,andeventoreadingand.understandingthesewords.So-calledintelligentbehaviourdemandsmemory,rememberingbeingaprimaryrequirementforreasoning.Theabilitytosolveanyproblemoreventorecognizethataproblemexistsdependsonmemory.Typically,thedecisiontocrossastreetisbasedonrememberingmanyearlierexperiences.

Practice(orreview)tendstobuildandmaintainmemoryforataskorforanylearnedmaterial.Overaperiodofnopracticewhathasbeenlearnedtendstobeforgotten;andtheadaptiveconsequencesmaynotseemobvious.Yet,dramaticinstancesofsuddenforgettingcanbeseentobeadaptive.Inthissense,theabilitytoforgetcanbeinterpretedtohavesurvivedthroughaprocessofnaturalselectioninanimals.Indeed,whenone'smemoryofanemotionallypainfulexperienceleadstoseriousanxiety,forgettingmayproducerelief.Nevertheless,anevolutionaryinterpretationmightmakeitdifficulttounderstandhowthecommonlygradualprocessofforgettingsurvivednaturalselection.

Inthinkingabouttheevolutionofmemorytogetherwithallitspossibleaspects,itishelpfultoconsiderwhatwouldhappenifmemoriesfailedtofade.Forgettingclearlyaidsorientationintime,sinceoldmemoriesweakenandthenewtendtostandout,providingcluesforinferringduration.Withoutforgetting,adaptiveabilitywouldsuffer;forexample,learnedbehaviourthatmighthavebeencorrectadecadeagomaynolongerbe.Casesarerecordedofpeoplewho(byordinarystandards)forgotsolittlethattheireverydayactivitieswerefullofconfusion.Thusforgettingseemstoservethesurvivaloftheindividualandthespecies.

Anotherlineofthoughtassumesamemorystoragesystemoflimitedcapacitythatprovidesadaptiveflexibilityspecificallythroughforgetting.Inthisview,continualadjustmentsaremadebetweenlearningormemorystorage(input)andforgetting(output).Indeed,thereisevidencethattherateatwhichindividualsforgetisdirectlyrelatedtohowmuchtheyhavelearned.Suchdataoffergrosssupportofcontemporarymodelsofmemorythatassumeaninput-outputbalance.

AccordingtoPara.1,memoryplaysanimportantrolein______.

51.

Accordingtotheauthor,sexroles______.

A.aresociallydetermined

B.areemotionallyandphysicallydetermined

C.canonlybedeterminedbywhateducationpeopletake

D.arebiologicallyandpsychologicallydetermined

52.

Commercialscreatethesensationofloudnessbecause______.

A.TVstationsalwaysoperateatthehighestsoundlevels

B.theirsoundlevelsarekeptaroundpeaklevels

C.theirsoundlevelsarekeptinthemiddlefrequencyranges

D.unlikeregularprogramstheirintensityofsoundvariesoverawiderange

53.

EducationFinancePartnerswasaccusedof______.

54.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

OneAprilSaturdayin1965,aneconomistattheAmericanStockExchangewastakenbyafriendtoanorchestralrehearsal(管弦乐队排演).HewatchedimpassivelyasLeopoldstop-startedlyconductedGustavMahler'sSymphonyNo.2allafternoon.Theeconomistthoughtlittleofituntillaterthatnight,when,sleeplessly,hetossedandturned,hauntedbythemusichehadheard.Nextmorningheboughtaticketandattheconcert"justfoundmyselfsobbing,absolutelyexcited".

Theyoungmanwasabouttolaunchapublishingbusinessand,withit,todefineanoccupation.With$100,000borrowedfromGeraldBronfman,awhiskygiant,and$50,000frombanks,friendsandhisownsavings,GilbertKaplan,24yearsold,foundedInstitutionalInvestor,amonthlymagazinethatbroughttogetherbankers,analystsandmoneymanagers.Itquicklybecameanessentialmeansofcommunicationforfinanciers,attracting150,000subscribersin140countries.Beforethe1960swereoverMr.Kaplanwasamillionaireandonfirst-nametermswithfinanceministersandinternationalbanker.

ButMahler'ssymphony