2022-2023年陕西省汉中市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)

2022-2023年陕西省汉中市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

UnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugeescannotprovidetheinternallydisplacedwithprotectionandassistanceunlessin______.

2.

Beforeanearthquake,peopleshouldrepairdefectiveelectricalwiringandleakygasconnectionsasthesearepotential______.

3.

Whentheauthordisciplinedhimselftoworkharder,______.

A.hedevelopedsenseofsecurity

B.hisofficehourswerereduced

C.hisefficiencyratiodecreased

D.hewasmorewillingtowork

4.

PeoplewhovoluntarilyworkedasservantsforseveralyearsinexchangeforpassagetoAmericawerecalledindenturedservants.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

AccordingtoPsychiatristNathanShapira,thepsychiatricdisorderssymptomsoftheInternetaddictsinclude______.

6.

Czerwinskifoundthatnootherchangetoacomputersystemcouldmoresignificantlyimproveauser'sproductivitythan______.

7.

GalileoGalileibuiltthefirst"pendulumclock"asearlyas16

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

Czerwinskifoundthatnootherchangetoacomputersystemcouldmoresignificantlyimproveauser'sproductivitythan________.

9.

Withthestudents'languageability,theismofthe______and______ofexchangesandconfidentdeliverywillgrow.

10.Forthegeneticfallacy,thereisreferencetotheindividual'spersonalabilities.

11.

Inrecentyears,satellitetelevisionhasstartedtobebroadcastintheradiofrequencyrange______.

A.between3.4GHzand7GHz

B.between12GHzand14GHz

C.between14GHzand21GHz

D.between21GHzand27GHz

12.Thedisadvantageoftoday'ssocialnetworksisthattotheoutsideweb,theyarenot______.

13.

AccordingtoPara3,______perpersonoftheearth'ssurfacecanbeusedtoproducefood.

14.

Itwasnotuntil1947thatIndiabecame______.

15.

TheaveragesurfacetemperatureofEarthkeepsaround15℃.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.Mothers'gettingolderand______couldalsoaccountfortheobesityepidemic.

17.

AccordingtoaFTCreport,U.S.mediacorporationsaremarketingviolententertainmenttochildrenactivelyand______.

18.

Accordingtoageneraldefinition,amaturetreewouldbeatleast______.

19.

Sustainabilityhasabroadermeaningnow,includingecologyandbiodiversityarchitecture,engineering,rbanplanning,etc.,andithasbecomea______.

20.

FBIcriminaldataincludesDNAsamplescollectedfromtheconvictedaswellastheaccused.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:Ilookedattheapartmentyourecommended.Itisapit.

W:Well,yousaidyouWantedsomethinginexpensive.

Q:Whatcanwelearnaboutthehouse?

(12)

A.Itisshinyalltheday.

B.Itisadesirableroom.

C.Itisoldandshabby.

D.Itcostsalot.

22.(46)

23.(41)

24.

【B4】

25.(26)

A.Earnmoneytopaytherent.

B.Buyfurniturefortheapartments.

C.Signahousingcontract.

D.Earnmoneytobuyacar.

26.听力原文：M:WerethosebooksorderedbyEllinwoodorRenter?

W:Hardinorderedthem.

Q:BywhomWerethebooksordered?

(16)

A.Ellinwood.B.Reuter.C.Hardin.D.Thewoman.

27.听力原文：Anadvertisementsays"LearnEnglishinsixweeks,oryourmoneyback".Ofcourse,itneverhappensquitelikethat.Asweknow,nolanguageiseasytolearnexceptone'smothertongue.Andthinkhowmuchpracticethatgets.BeforetheSecondWorldWarpeopleusuallylearnedEnglishinordertoreadEnglishliterature.NowmostpeoplewanttospeakEnglish.EveryyearmanymillionsofpeoplestarttolearnEnglish.Howdotheydoit?

Somepeopletryathome,withbooksandtapes,someuseradioortelevisionprogrammes,othersgotoschoolorattendeveningclasses.IftheyuseEnglishonlytwoorthreetimesaweek,itwilltakealongtimetolearnit,likeEnglishlearningatschool.AfewpeopletrytolearnEnglishfastandstudysixormorehoursaday.ItisclearlyeasiertolearnEnglishinEngland,Canada,AustraliaortheUnitedStates.However,mostpeoplecannotaffordthis,andformanyitisnotnecessary.TheyneedEnglishinordertodotheirworkbetter.Forexample,mostscientistsandengineerschieflyneedtobeabletoreadbooksandreportsinEnglish.WhetherEnglishislearntquicklyorslowly;itishardwork.Goodteachers,booksandmachineswillhelp,buttheycannotdothestudent'sworkforhim.

(30)

A.Englishistheeasiestlanguagetolearn.

B.Englishisaseasytolearnasyourmothertongue.

C.Englishcanbelearntinsixweeks.

D.ItiseasiertolearnEnglishonradioorTV.

28.(25)

A.Hehasafeelingofinsecurity.

B.Heismissinghisfamily.

C.Helacksself-confidence.

D.Hefeelsill.

29.听力原文：M:Whataboringspeaker!Icouldhardlykeepfromfallingasleep.

W:Oh.Idon'tknowaboutthat.Infact.Idon'thaveaspecialfeelingabouthim.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(17)

A.Shedisagreeswiththeman.

B.Shedoesn'tenjoylongspeeches.

C.Shehadn'tknownhowlongthespeechwouldbe.

D.Shedoesn'thaveaspecialopinionaboutthespeaker.

30.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Currentstudiesshowthatwhatgoesonlabelsisanimportantconsiderationformanufacturers,sincemorethanseventypercentofshoppersreadfoodlabelswhenconsideringwhethertobuyaproduct.

Arecentcontroversyastowhetherlabelsonpreparedfoodsshouldeducateormerelyinform.theconsumerisover,andaconsumergroupgotitsway.Thegroupshadmaintainedthatproductlabelsshoulddomorethansimplylisthowmanygramsofnutrientsafoodcontains.Theircontentionwasthatlabelsshouldalsolistthepercentageofaday'stotalnutrientsthattheproductwillsupplytotheconsumer,becausethisinformationisessentialinplanningahealthydiet.

Agovernmentagencydisagreedstrongly,favoringalabelthatmerelyinformstheconsumer,inotherwords,alabelthatonlyliststhecontentsoftheproduct.Theagencymaintainedthatconsumerscoulddecideforthemselvesifthefoodisnutritiousandismeetingtheirdailyneeds.

Theconsumergroup,insupportingitscase,hadcitedasurveyinwhichshopperswereshownafoodlabel,andwerethenaskediftheywouldneedmoreorlessofacertainnutrientaftereatingaservingofthisproduct.Theshoppersweren'tabletoanswerthequestioneasilywhentheywerenotgivenaspecificpercentage.

Thisstudyandothershelpedgetthenewregulationpassed,andnowfoodpr6ductsmusthavethemoredetailedlabels.

(27)

A.Whetheritisnecessarytoputlabelsonpreparedfoods.

B.Whatthedailyrequirementsforcertainnutrientsshouldbe.

C.Howtogetconsumerstoreadlabelsmorecarefully.

D.Whatinformationfoodmanufacturesshouldprovidetoconsumers.

31.(44)

32.(36)

A.Theoriginalworkofartincreasesinvalue.

B.Anartisthasgreaterlegalprotection.

C.Artistscanselltheirworkabroad.

D.Artistsareallowedtomakechangesintheirownworks.

33.听力原文：M：Hey，doyouknowwhereMariais?ProfessorLeewantstotalkwithherathisoffice，youknow，abouttheexam．

W：I'mnotsure．

Q：Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

(13)

A.Mariaisinthelibrarynow.

B.Mariadidn'tpasstheexam.

C.Mariaisprobablyacollegestudent.

D.ThemanwantstoseeMariaathisoffice.

34.听力原文：M:Ihaven'theardfromNancysincesheenteredmedicalschool.Iwonderhowshe'sdoing.

W:Well,Iunderstandshegaveourdepartmentsecretaryhernewaddressandphonenumber.Whydon'tyoutrytogetintouchwithher?

Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?

(18)

A.VisitNancyathernewdepartment.

B.CallonNancyathermedicalschool.

C.GivethesecretaryNancy'snewphonenumber.

D.GetinformationaboutNancyfromthesecretary.

35.(32)

A.Tocompeteforcustomers.

B.Toreducethesizeoftheirstaff.

C.Toprovideservicesfordistantclients.

D.Toexpandtheiroperationsatalowercost.

36.(24)

A.19months.B.3years.C.4years.D.17months.

37.听力原文：W:Excuseme,Sir.I'vebeenwaitingherefornearly20minutesjusttopaymytelephonebill.

M:I'msorryaboutthat.Butthecomputerisdown,andeverybodyhashadtowaittiffsafternoon.

Q:What'sthewomanComplainingabout?

(19)

A.Thelongwait.

B.Themistakesinhertelephonebill.

C.Thebroken-downcomputer.

D.Thebadtelephoneservice.

38.【B10】

39.(39)

40.(47)

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

High-techgroupsbelievethatifanextra＄30ischargedoneveryTVorcomputerpurchasedinCalifornia,consumerswill______.

A.hesitatetoupgradetheircomputers

B.abandononlineshopping

C.buythemfromotherstates

D.stronglyprotestagainstsuchacharge

42.

【C5】

43.WhichofthefollowingideasmightprobablybepreferredbyMalcolmMuggeridge?

A.Literaturewillbecomedominantinpresentingwarstories.

B.Peopleshouldhavetheirownideasofwhatisrightandwhatiswrong.

C.TVimagesarepreoccupyingbecausetheyexpressreality.

D.TVprogramsoftenaimtoassaultthetraditionalstandardsandmoresofsociety.

44.OntheheelsofE1,itsopposite,Lamaysoonarrive.InaWeeklyUpdate,scientistsattheNOAAClimatePredictionCenterreportedthatasthe2006-2007E1faded,surfaceandsubsurfaceoceantemperatureshaverapidlydecreased.Recently,cooler-than-normalwatertemperatureshavedevelopedatthesurfaceintheeast-centralequatorialPacific,indicatingapossibletransitiontoLaconditions.

Typically,duringtheU.S.springandsummermonths,Laconditionsdonotsignificantlyimpactoverallinlandtemperatureandprecipitation(雨水的降落)patterns,however,LaepisodesoftendohaveaneffectonAtlanticandPacifichurricaneactivity.

"Althoughotherscientificfactorsaffectthehurricanes,theretendstobeagreater-than-nor-malnumberofAtlantichurricanesandfewer-than-normalnumberofeasternPacifichurricanesduringLaevents,"saidretiredNavyViceAdm.ConradC.Lautenbacher,Ph.D.,undersecretaryofcommerceforoceansandatmosphereandNOAAadministrator."Duringthewinter,usualLaimpactsincludedrierandwarmer-than-averageconditionsoverthesouthernUnitedStates."

"NOAA'sabilitytodetectandmonitortheformation,durationandstrengthofE1andLaeventsisenhancedbycontinuousimprovementsinsatelliteandbuoyobservationsintheequatorialPacific,"Lautenbacheradded."TheseobservingsystemsincludetheTAO/TRITONmooredandArgodriftbuoys,aswellasNOAA'spolarorbitingsatellites."

Laconditionsoccurwhenoceansurfacetemperaturesinthecentralandeast-centralequatorialPacificbecomecoolerthannormal.ThesechangesaffecttropicalrainfallpatternsandatmosphericwindsoverthePacificOcean,whichinfluencethepatternsofrainfallandtemperaturesinmanyareasworldwide.

"LaeventssometimesfollowontheheelsofE1conditions,"saidVernonKousky,researchmeteorologistattheNOAAClimatePredictionCenter."Itisanaturallyoccurringphenomenonthatcanlastuptothreeyears.LaepisodestendtodevelopduringMarch-June,reachpeakintensityduringDecember-February,andthenweakenduringthefollowingMarch-May."

"ThelastlengthyLaeventwas1998-2001,whichcontributedtoseriousdroughtconditionsinmanysectionsofthewesternUnitedStates,"saidDouglasLecomte,droughtspecialistattheNOAAClimatePredictionCenter.

NOAAwillissuetheU.S.SpringOutlookonMarch15,anditsAtlanticHurricaneSeasonOutlookinMay.BothoutlookswillreflectthemostcurrentLaforecast.

"WhilethestatusofE1/Laisofvitalimportancetoourseasonalforecasts,itisbutonemeasureweusewhenmakingactualtemperatureandprecipitationforecasts,"saidKousky.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutLaisTRUE?

A.ItbringsanendtoE1.

B.ItbalancestheeffectsofE1.

C.Itfollowsadecreaseofoceantemperature.

D.Itcausestheoceantemperaturetodroprapidly.

45.Whatdoweknowabouttheswinefluvirusfromthelastparagraph?

A.Itisnotquitesureifitcanspreadamongpersons.

B.Itisnotquitesurehowitistransmitted.

C.Surelyitistransmittedbysneezingorcoughing.

D.Surelyitistransmittedbyskincontact.

46.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Highstreetshopsuseavarietyofmeanstoattractshoppers,suchasstrikingwindowdisplays,hugered"Sale"signsandspecialpromotions.

Onlineretailersalsoemploysimilartechniquestoattractpeopletotheirwebsitesandtomakeapurchase."IntheInternetboomyears,onlineretailerscompetedonprices,buttodayyoupaythesamepriceonlineasoffline.Anydifferenceismadeupbythedeliverycharge,"saysGavinGeorge,apartneratItimGroup,aconsultancy.

Today'sonlineretailersareusinge-mailmarketing,personalizationtechnology,smartsearchenginesandmultimediainanefforttoincreasetransactionsandsales.

Someonlineretailersareusingtargetede-mailservicestoencouragecustomerstovisittheirsites.ThetravelandleisureretailerL,forexample,sendsmorethan2millione-mailstocustomerseveryweek.Thecontentofthee-mailistailoredtofittherecipient'sage,lifestyle.andotherfactors.

CarlLyons,headofmarketingatLUK,says:"E-mailisadifferentmediumwithitsownculture,soyouhavetoknowhowtouseitproperlyifit'sgoingtobeeffective.Whatyou'retryingtodoistoconvertlookersintobookers."

MyPointsisanincentiveschemeforonlineshoppers,whichgivesthempointsforreadinge-mails,visitingsitesandmakingpurchases.Theacquiredpointscanberedeemedforavarietyofgoodsandservices.IntheUS,therearemorethan10millionMyPointsregisteredusers.Theserviceisfreetojoinandsubscriberscompleteanonlineprofilethatproduces400datapointsaboutthem.

MyPointsdoesnotpassonpersonalinformation(suchasnamesandaddresses)tothirdparties,butcompaniescanusethecustomerprofilesintargetede-mailcampaigns,whichMyPointsmanages."Consumersexpecttoberewardedfordoingbusinesswithyou.It'snolongeranoveltytoshoponline,"saysDavidBrosse,marketingdirectorofMyPointsEurope.

Findingyourwayaroundanonlinestorecanbedifficultbecausemanyproductsearchenginesarenotsmart,saysNickBidmead,chiefoperatingofficerofNCorp,atechnologycompany:"Somesearchenginesaretooprecisesoyougetnoresults.Othersaretoobroadandsoyouendupwithlotsofresults,mostofwhichareirrelevanttoyourneeds.Whatyouwantistheonlineequivalentoftheshopkeeperwhocanfindtheproductyouwantorsuggestanalternative."

Theonlineretailersusedtowinovertraditionalretailersbyoffering______.

A.lowerprices

B.freedeliverycharge

C.specialsales

D.strikingwindowdisplays

47.ThroughoutGeorgeBush'spresidency,thefederalgovernmenthasrefusedtosupportanyregulationofthegreenhousegasesthatcauseglobalwarming.Wheneverthesubjectcomesup,officialstendtomumble(咕哝)aboutuncertainties.ButonApril2nd,theSupremeCourtatlastsettledoneofthebiggestoutstandingquestions:whetherthegovernmenthastheauthoritytocurbemissionsinthefirstplace.

ThecourtruledthattheCleanAirActalawfromthe1960designedtocombatsmog--givestheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)thepowertoregulatecarbondioxide,themaingreenhousegas.ItalsosaidtheEPAwouldneedanexcuseifitdecidednottousethispower.ItdismissedthejustificationstheEPAhadprovidedforinaction-thatemissionsfromAmericancarswereinsignificantillthegrandschemeofthingsandthatunilateralactionbyAmericawouldundermineeffortstoachieveinternationalconsensus'onglobalwarming—asinadequate.Strictlyspeaking,therulingappliesonlytoemissionsfromvehicles,butaverysimilarcaseregardingcoal-firedpowerplantsispending(未决的)infederalcourt.TheEPAsaysitisnowexaminingtheruling.

TheEPAmightexamineitforsometime,ofcourse.Anyregulationitcomesupwithinresponsemightstilldeferactionintothedistantfuture,sincethelawallowstheEPAtodelayimplementationuntilappropriatetechnologycanbeacquiredatareasonablecost.Evenifitproceedsquiteswiftly,anewpresidentandCongresswithglobe-coolingideasoftheirownwillbeinplacelongbeforeanynewrulecomeintoeffect.

Thatsuitstheenvironmentallobbyjustfine.TheyhopetherulingwillspurCongresstoaddressglobalwarmingwithproperlegislation.Afterall.itmakeslittlesenseforsuchanimportantissuetobetackledtangentially(无关的)througha40-year-oldlaw.Andif2009seestheinaugurationofagreenerpresident,heorshewillnowhavethepowertodictatestricterfuelefficiency,intheform.oflowerCO2emissions,withoutreferencetoCongress.

Californiasetanexample.In2002,thestateassemblypassedalawregulatingemissionsofCO2fromvehicles,basedonaprovisionoftheCleanAirActthatallowsCaliforniatoadoptstricterpollutionstandardsthanthefederalgovernment.Carmakershavechallengedthelaw.inpartonthegroundthatCO2wasnotanairpollutant.ThecarindustryquicklydeclaredthattheissueofglobalwarmingisbesthandledatthefederallevelbyCongress.

WhatistheSupremeCourt'sattitudetowardsthegovernment'sfunctionincontrolofgreenhousegases?

A.Itisthegovernment'sobligationtosetupstricterregulation.

B.Itisdisappointingforthepublicthatthegovernmentshiesawayfromthisproblem.

C.Thegovernmentistheonlyorganizationthatcancontrolgreenhousegases.

D.Thegovernmentisnotthechieforganizationauthorizedtocontrolgreenhousegases.

48.

Whenweareallowedhalfasecondtorememberwatchesandfaces,werememberwatchesbetterbecause______.

A.werememberobjectsquicklyinsuchashorttime

B.wecannotencodeimagesinsuchashorttime

C.wecanrecognizesimplethingsinsuchashorttime

D.wecannotrecognizeimagesinsuchashorttime

49.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Acountryissaidtobecomemoreurbanizedasitscitiesgrowinnumber,itsurbanpopulationsincreaseinsize,andtheproportionofitspopulationlivinginurbanareasrises.Thedegreeofurbanizationvariesacrosstheworldbutgenerallyreflectsthewealthofindividualcountries.Therich,industrializedcountriestendtobethemosthighlyurbanized.IntheNetherlands,forexample,89percentofthepopulationisurban,comparedtoonly13percentinEthiopia,amuchpoorercountry.

Inrecenthistory,thedegreeofurbanizationhasbeenrelativelylowinAfricaandAsiacomparedtoEuropeandNorthAmerica.However,asaresultoflarge-scalemigrationfromruralareasandanaturalincreaseintheurbanpopulationsthemselves,thepopulationsofcitiesinthedevelopingworldhavebeengrowingrapidly.ThepopulationofCairo,forexample,hastripledinthelast40years,andmorethanhalfofAfrica'speopleareexpectedtobelivingincitiesby2020.Similarly,theurbanshareofthepopulationinChinahasrisenfromaboutoneinfivein1960tonearlyhalftoday.

Oneofthemostnoticeablefeaturesofurbangrowthinthe20thcenturyhasbeentherapidincreaseinthenumberofverylargecities.Before1800,citieswithmorethanamillioninhabitantswererare.Sincethen,however,thenumberofsuchcitieshasrisensteadily.In1900therewereatleast13citieswithmorethanamillioninhabitants,andby1950thenumberhadgrownto68.By2000therewillbeatleast250citiesofmorethanamillion--manyofwhichwillbeinAsia,especiallyinIndiaandChina.

Evenacityofafewmillionpeopleisdwarfedbytheurbangiantswithpopulationsexceeding10million.Accordingtovariousestimates,theremaybe20ormoreofthesegiganticmetropolitanareasalready.MostareinAsia:Tokyo,Seoul,Osaka,Shanghai,Mumbai(Bombay),Beijing,Calcutta,Jakarta,Tianjin,Karachi,Delhi,andManila.TheothergiantsareNewYork,SaoPaulo,MexicoCity,LosAngeles,Moscow,BuenosAires,RiodeJaneiro,andCairo.Incomingyears,explosivegrowthincitiesofthedevelopingworldsuchasLagosandSantaFedeBogotáwillalmostcertainlypropelthemintothisgroup.Bytheyear2020,severalcitiesareexpectedtohavepopulationsofmorethan20million.

Suchlargeconcentrationsofpeopleposeimmenseenvironmentalproblems.InMexicoCity,forexample,one-quarterofthepopulationhasnoaccesstorunningwater,andoneinfivehousesisnotconnectedtotheseweragesystem.Locatedinavalley,thecitysufferssobadlyfromairpollutionfrommotorvehiclesthatthecitycentermustperiodicallybeclosedtotraffic.MexicoCity'sproblemsarereplicatedinmostotherlargecitiesinthedevelopingworld,andtoalesserdegreeinthelargecitiesofindustrializedcountriesaswell.

Acountry'surbanizationcanbeseenfromitsincreasein______.

A.wealthB.populationC.thenumberofcitiesD.urbanareas

50.Companiescoulddirectlyborrowmoneyfromthefederalgovernmentthrough______

51.

WelearnfromthepassagethattheDigitalServiceCorpsinitiative______.

A.wasoriginatedbysomeuniversityprofessorsandstudents

B.willbemadepossiblebycashandequipmentdonations

C.willbemadetoworkwiththefeespaidbystudentswhoparticipate

D.willbefundedbytheUnitedNationsandsomefinancialagencies

52.Theauthorcontraststhe1930swiththepresentinordertoshowthat______.

A.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930s

B.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow

C.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

D.nowthereisagreaterproportionofelderlyandhandicappedpeopleamongthoseinpoverty

53.

WhatisthefunctionofHabitrolinquittingsmoking?

54.

WhatistherequirementforthegovernmenttocatchupwiththelatestscientificresearchbyU.S.law?

55.

Whatcanbeinferredfromtheexampleoftheant-lioninthefirstparagraph?

A.Instinctsofanimalscanleadtounreasonablereactionsofanimalsinastrangesituation.

B.Whenitisengagedinachainactionsitcannotbeinterrupted.

C.Environmentandheredityaretwosupplementaryfactorsintheevolutionofinsects.

D.Alongthelinesofevolutionhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.

56.

Scorpionsinjectedwithprostaglandinsmovetohotareasto______.

A.engageingreateractivity

B.seekoutamore-ironenvironment

C.demonstratethattheyareill

D.developafeverandflightbacterialinfections

57.

WhatdoesColinDiverthinkofthepurposeofaschool'sleaningonalumnitoarrangejobsforgraduates?

A.Toattractmoretopapplicants.

B.Tomaketherankingsreliable.

C.Totakeadvantageofitspublicrelations.

D.Tobecomemorepopularintherankings.

58.

Theword"ritualistically"inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone______.

A.kind-heartedly

B.light-heartedly

C.inawayofceremony

D.withlessemphasis

59.

Besidesrefreshingthemindagainandagainonwhathavebeenlearnt,thusmaintainingacertainindividualandoverallstandardofknowledge,examinationscanalso______.

60.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Researchershaverecentlyfoundaconnectionbetweendiseasesandstressfulsituations.Totestthistheory,psychologistsaretryingtofindalinkbetweenthebrainandtheimmunesystem.

Ourbodiesarelikelytogetvariousdiseasesanditdependsonhowwellourimmunesystemworks.Biologistsusedtothinkthattheimmunesystemwasaseparate,independentpartofourbodies.Recently,however,theyhavefoundthatourbraincanaffectourimmunesystem.Thisdiscoveryindicatesthattheremaybeaconnectionbetweenemotionalfactors,suchasstressordepression,andillness.

Althoughmanydoctorsinthepastsuspectedaconnectionbetweenemotionalfactoranddisease,theyhadnoproof.Scientistshaveonlyrecentlydiscoveredhowthebrainandtheimmunesystemfunction.Beforethis,noonecouldseealinkbetweenthem.Asaresult,medicalscienceneverseriouslyconsideredtheideathatpsychologicalfactorscouldcausedisease.

Severalrecentstudiesshowedaconnectionbetweenstressandillness.Forexample,researcherswenttoanAmericanmilitaryschooltostudythestudents.Theyfoundthatthesickstudentstherehadalotofacademicpressureandwantedtoachieve,buttheywerenotverygoodstudents.Inasimilarstudy,researchersstudiedagroupofstudentnursesandfoundthatthenurseswhodevelopedcoldsoresweretheoneswhodescribedthemselvesasgenerallyunhappypeople.

Inadditiontotheseresults,whichsupporttheirtheory,researchersarealsolookingforproofthatstresscandamagetheimmunesystem.Researchersstudiedrecentlybereavedpeople,i.e.,peoplewhoselovedoneshavejustdied,becausetheyaremorelikelytobecomeillordie.Byexaminingtheimmunesystemofrecentlybereavedpeople,theresearchersmadeanimportantdiscovery.Theyexaminedsomewhitebloodcellswhichareanimportantpartoftheimmunesystem.Theywerenotfunctioningproperly.Thefactthattheywerenotworkingcorrectindicatesthatseverepsychologicalstress,suchasalovedone'sdeath,maydamageanimportantpartofourimmunesystem.

Thereisstillnopositiveproofofaconnectionbetweentheimmunesystemandpsychologicalfactors.Researchersalsosaythattheresultsofthestudiesonbereavedpeoplecouldhaveadifferentexplanation.Forexample,bereavedpeopleoftensle